护理指导对外伤松动牙在树脂纤维弹性夹板固定过程中口腔卫生情况的影响

目的 观察口腔护理指导在树脂纤维弹性夹板固定外伤松动牙过程中对口腔卫生情况的影响。方法 收集51例因外伤导致牙松动的病例(349颗牙齿),行树脂纤维夹板固定处理后,随机分为2组：对照组(25例,152颗牙齿)行常规医嘱;试验组(26例,197颗牙齿)予以常规医嘱+口腔卫生护理指导。患者于术后第2 w进行复查,观察树脂纤维夹板范围内的口腔卫生情况,包括牙唇侧表面软垢形成程度,牙周探诊深度及牙周探诊出血(Bleeding on probing,BOP) 阳性率。结果 试验组的牙齿表面白色软垢形成程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组的龈沟深度为(2.68±0.36) mm,对照组为(3.23±0.45) mm,差异无统计学意义;试验组的BOP阳性率为31.98%,低于对照组的BOP阳性率77.68% (P< 0.05)。结论 口腔护理指导在外伤松动牙树脂纤维弹性夹板固定过程中十分必要,可明显改善患者口腔卫生环境,有助于预防牙龈炎症的发生。     

Sonosensitizer nanoplatform-mediated sonodynamic therapy induced immunogenic cell death and tumor immune microenvironment variation

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies, and effective treatments are still lacking due to drug tolerance and tumor recurrence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on ovarian cancer and its potential mechanism. Folate receptor-targeted and ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed using PLGA-PEG-FA (PLGA: poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG), FA: folate), the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating sonosensitizer IR780 and the oxygen-carrying material perfluorohexane (PFH), termed IRO@FA NPs. The antitumor effect of NPs triggered by ultrasound (US) was measured by an apoptosis assay in a C57/BL6 mouse model. Immunochemistry and flow cytometry were used to detect the proportion of CD3⁺ T, CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T cells and activated dendritic cells (DCs) in spleens and tumor tissues to assess variation in the immune response. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers (high mobility group protein box-1, ATP and calreticulin) were detected to identify potential mechanisms. The results showed that IRO@FA NP-mediated SDT promoted ID8 cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The densities of CD3⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and inflammatory markers were upregulated in tumor tissues. IRO@FA NP-mediated SDT prompted DC maturation and T lymphocyte infiltration by inducing ID8 cell ICD.     

国家核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍组建与管理探讨

目的 研究国家核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍组成、任务、装备与管理.方法 根据核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍的职责和任务分工,组建国家核辐射卫生应急医学救援队伍并对队伍进行装备,根据队伍面临的救援情景开展培训、演练等管理工作.结果 核辐射突发事件卫生应急队伍由辐射防护与监测、医疗救治、内外污染处理、食品饮用水检测等专业技术人员...     

A multicenter retrospective study of transurethral prostate split for benign prostate hyperplasia

BackgroundTransurethral split of the prostate (TUSP) is effective in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, there is still a lack of research focusing on the optimal target population for TUSP. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of TUSP in patients with different prostate volumes or ages.MethodsThe study was a multicenter retrospective study. The outcomes of TUSP in BPH patients with different prostate volumes or different ages were compared. A total of 439 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to prostate volume, with a cut-off value of 50 mL. Similarly, the cut-off value for the age groups was 70 years. Baseline patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes were recorded. Follow-up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 73.4 years, and the mean prostate volume was 51.2 mL. At 12-month follow-up after TUSP treatment, the patients’ International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) scores, and postvoid residual (PVR) volumes decreased significantly, while peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) increased significantly. Intraoperative hemoglobin (Hb) reduction was significantly lower in the small volume group than in the large volume group. The incidence of postoperative urinary urgency and transient incontinence was lower in the small volume group. IPSS score, PVR, and Qmax in the small volume group showed more remarkable changes at several time points compared to the preoperative period. Postoperative pain scores were higher in the small volume group than in the large volume group. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of long-term complications. The younger group showed greater variation in PVR and Qmax at some time points but less variation in QoL than the older group.ConclusionsTUSP is overall safe and effective in treating BPH. This study showed differences in the outcomes of TUSP in treating different prostate volumes or ages of BPH patients. The optimal surgical approach for BPH patients might be selected clinically based on a combination of prostate volume or patient age.     

β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate Improves Chronic Renal Failure-Induced Sarcopenia in SD Rats by Regulating Autophagy

Background Chronic renal failure-induced sarcopenia (CRF-S) seriously affects public health by increasing morbidity and mortality.This study evaluated the thera...     

Effect of aluminum phosphate gel on prevention of early rebleeding after ligation of esophageal variceal hemorrhage

BACKGROUNDLiver cirrhosis is the main cause of portal hypertension. The leading cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis is its most common complication, esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is recommended by many guidelines to treat EVB and prevent rebleeding; however, esophageal ulcers occur after treatment. Delayed healing of ulcers and unhealed ulcers lead to high rebleeding and mortality rates. Thus, the prevention of early postoperative rebleeding is of great significance in improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients.AIMTo evaluate the efficacy of aluminum phosphate gel (APG) plus a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the prevention of early rebleeding after EVL in patients with EVB.METHODSThe medical records of 792 patients who were diagnosed with EVB and in whom bleeding was successfully stopped by EVL at Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Guangdong Province, China from January 2015 to December 2020 were collected. According to the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, 401 cases were included in a PPI-monotherapy group (PPI group), and 377 cases were included in a PPI and APG combination therapy (PPI + APG) group. We compared the incidence rates of early rebleeding and other complications within 6 wk after treatment between the two groups. The two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and chi-squared test were adopted for statistical analyses.RESULTSNo significant differences in age, sex, model for end-stage liver disease score, coagulation function, serum albumin level, or hemoglobin level were found between the two groups. The incidence of early rebleeding in the PPI + APG group (9/337; 2.39%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (30/401; 7.48%) (P = 0.001). Causes of early rebleeding in the PPI group were esophageal ulcer (3.99%, 16/401) and esophageal varices (3.49%, 14/401), while those in the PPI + APG group were also esophageal ulcers (5/377; 1.33%) and esophageal varices (4/377; 1.06%); such causes were significantly less frequent in the PPI + APG group than in the PPI group (P = 0.022 and 0.024, respectively). The early mortality rate within 6 wk in both groups was 0%, which was correlated with the timely rehospitalization of all patients with rebleeding and the conduct of emergency endoscopic therapy. The incidence of adverse events other than early bleeding in the PPI + APG group (28/377; 7.43%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (63/401; 15.71%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of chest pain in the PPI + APG group (9/377; 2.39%) was significantly lower than that in the PPI group (56/401; 13.97%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of constipation in the PPI + APG group (16/377; 4.24%) was significantly higher than that in the PPI group (3/401; 0.75%) (P = 0.002) but constipation was relieved after patients drank more water or took lactulose. In the PPI and PPI + APG groups, the incidence rates of spontaneous peritonitis within 6 wk after discharge were 0.50% (2/401) and 0.53% (2/377), respectively, and those of hepatic encephalopathy were 0.50% (2/401) and 0.27% (1/377), respectively, presenting no significant difference (P > 0.999).CONCLUSIONPPI + APG combination therapy significantly reduces the incidence of early rebleeding and chest pain in patients with EVB after EVL.     

Cervical Cancer Prevention and High-Risk HPV Self-Sampling Awareness and Acceptability among Women Living with HIV: A Qualitative Investigation from the Patients’ and Providers’ Perspectives

Routine cervical cancer screening is important for women living with HIV (WLH) due to the greater incidence and persistence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection. HR-HPV self-sampling has been proposed to overcome barriers to in-office cervical cancer screening in underserved populations. However, little is known about baseline knowledge of HR-HPV and the acceptability of HR-HPV self-sampling among WLH. This paper describes WLH’s experiences and needs regarding cervical cancer screening, specifically HR-HPV self-sampling, and seeks to reconcile their experiences with the views of their providers. In total, 10 providers and 39 WLH participated in semi-structured interviews and group discussions, respectively. Knowledge of cervical cancer and HR-HPV was generally limited among WLH; when present, it was often due to personal experience of or proximity to someone affected by cervical cancer. Most WLH were not familiar with HR-HPV self-sampling but, despite some of the providers’ skepticism, expressed their willingness to participate in a mail-based HR-HPV self-sampling intervention and highlighted convenience, ease of use, and affordability as facilitators to the uptake of HR-HPV self-sampling. The experiences identified can be used to guide patient-centered communication aimed at improving cervical cancer knowledge and to inform interventions, such as HR-HPV self-sampling, designed to increase cervical cancer screening among under-screened WLH.     

SARS-CoV-2辅助蛋白ORF8的功能及研究进展

新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）与2002年开始流行的冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）基因组相似,编码多种病毒蛋白。其中辅助蛋白ORF8与SARS-CoV ORF8有较低的序列同源性,且有快速进化和突变的特征,具有抑制Ⅰ型干扰素、下调主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ（MHCⅠ）表达等功能。该文就SARS-CoV-2辅助蛋白ORF8的结构、功能及对COVID-19的诊断治疗前景进行综述。     

Urgency to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C in Asia

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection poses a global healthcare burden, being associated with serious complications if untreated. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highest in areas of Central, South, and East Asia; over 50% of HCV patients worldwide live in the region, where HCV genotypes 1b, 2, 3, and 6 are the most prevalent. Treatment outcomes for chronic hepatitis C vary by ethnicity, and Asian patients achieve higher sustained virologic response rates following interferon (IFN)‐based therapy than non‐Asians. However, low efficacy, poor safety profile, and subcutaneous administration limit the use of IFN‐based therapies. Superior virologic outcomes have been observed with different classes of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) alone or in combination, and several all‐oral DAA regimens are available in Asia. These regimens have shown excellent efficacy and favorable tolerability in clinical trials, yet there is a need for further studies of DAAs in a real world context, particularly in Asia. Furthermore, IFN‐free treatment may not be accessible for many patients in the region, and IFN‐based regimens remain an option in some countries. There is a need to improve current clinical practices for HCV management in Asia, including effective screening, disease awareness, and prevention programs, and to further understand the cost‐effectiveness of IFN‐free regimens. The evolution of potent treatments makes HCV eradication a possibility that should be available to all patients. However, access to these therapies in Asian countries has been slow, primarily because of economic barriers that continue to present a hurdle to optimal treatment.     

Preconception alanine aminotransferase concentrations and risk of preterm birth in rural Chinese women aged 20–49 years: a population-based cohort study

Background

Previous studies have shown maternal hepatitis B virus infection is associated with preterm birth. However, whether liver dysfunction caused by hepatitis B virus infection or other factors can lead to preterm delivery needs further exploration. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a sensitive indicator of liver function, but few studies have investigated the association between serum ALT concentrations and preterm birth. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal preconception ALT concentration and risk of preterm birth.