肺部超声在新冠肺炎重症患者中的应用

目的总结疫情一线麻醉科医师将肺部超声用于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)重症患者的评估效果。方法回顾性分析2020年2月10日至3月12日在武汉火神山医院重症一科ICU内接受治疗的50例COVID-19重症患者的临床资料及床旁肺部超声检查结果。结果 50例COVID-19重症患者年龄(70.3±9.0)岁,初始症状是咳嗽(100%)、发热(100%)和呼吸困难(24%)。入院后28 d的死亡率为30%。ICU内床旁肺部超声检查可发现不同程度的超声学病理征象,包括胸膜异常,间质综合征、肺实变、胸腔积液、碎片征和动态支气管征象等。在ICU治疗期间存活的患者肺超声评分(LUS)(12.8±4.4)分,非存活者具有持续的肺水肿和肺实变超声表现,LUS(21.0±3.5)分,明显高于存活患者(P0.05)。15例非存活患者全部发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)并接受有创机械通气(IMV),其中ImV治疗3 d时LUS(22.0±1.9)分,5 d时LUS(24.2±2.6)分。随着患者康复并转出ICU,病理性的超声征象呈现逐步减少趋势。结论床旁肺部超声具有简便易行及动态监测的优势,对COVID-19重症肺炎患者疗效的评估具有积极意义。     

双眼是否可同期行白内障手术

双眼同期白内障手术在发展中国家开展较少,许多医师不赞同进行双眼同期手术主要是担心术后并发眼内炎,以及不利于调整第二只眼包括人工晶状体度数误差在内的手术方案。近年来,随着现代白内障手术安全性和可靠性的提升,应重新考虑双眼同期白内障手术的可行性,其具有节约医疗资源与成本,降低麻醉包括全身麻醉的风险,提升视觉效果及儿童患者的手术效果等多种优势。（国际眼科纵览,2020, 44：87-91）     

Comparison of minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in two-level degenerative lumbar disease

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in two-level degenerative lumbar disease.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 82 patients, who underwent two-level minimally invasive or open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) from March 2010 to December 2011. Forty-four patients underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF) (group A) and 38 patients underwent the traditional open TLIF (group B). Demographic data and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups before surgery (p > 0.05). Peri-operative data, clinical and radiological outcomes between the two groups were compared.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 20.6 ± 4.5 months for group A and 20.0 ± 3.3 months for group B (p > 0.05). No significant difference existed in operating time between the two group (p > 0.05). X-ray exposure time was significantly longer for MITLIF compared to open cases. Intra-operative blood loss and duration of postoperatively hospital stay of group A were significantly superior to those of group B (p < 0.05). On postoperative day three, MITLIF patients had significantly less pain compared to patients with the open procedure. No statistical difference existed in pre-operative and latest VAS value of back pain (VAS-BP) and leg pain (VAS-LP), pre-operative and latest ODI between the two groups. The fusion rate of the two groups was similar (p < 0.05). Complications included small dural tear, superficial wound infection and overlong screws. When comparing the total complications, no significant difference existed between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

MITLIF offers several potential advantages including postoperative back pain and leg pain, intra-operative blood loss, transfusion and duration of hospital stay postoperatively in treating two-level lumbar degenerative disease. However, it required much more radiation exposure.     

新型腰椎经皮椎弓根螺钉植入定位方法及其对放射暴露剂量的影响

 目的 探讨新型腰椎微创定位方法在定位时间、次数及放射暴露剂量方面的优势。方法 2010年5 月至2013年2 月收治腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎不稳及胸腰椎骨折121例,随机分为两组：68例采用传统定位方法植入经皮椎弓根螺钉,单节段病变41例、双节段病变27例;53例采用自行研制的腰椎微创定位系统,单节段病变34例、双节段病变19例。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、手术节段的差异无统计学意义。结果 传统定位方法组、微创定位方法组术前定位时间分别为（8.26±3.44） min、（3.51±1.82） min,平均定位次数分别为3.57次、1.22次,准确率分别为60.8%及96.2%。两组单节段病变患者植入双枚经皮椎弓根螺钉,术中定位时间分别为（15.12±4.69） min、（5.51±1.32） min,定位次数分别为6.47次、2.45次;双节段病变患者植入三枚经皮椎弓根螺钉,术中定位时间分别为（24.91±7.43） min、（8.84±2.32） min,定位次数分别为11.72次、3.69次。传统定位方法组手术人员颈部、胸部及手腕部检测出的放射暴露剂量分别为（3.09±0.24） Gy、（4.23±0.71） Gy、（5.17±0.62） Gy,微创定位方法组分别为（1.38±0.47） Gy、（2.69±0.33） Gy、（3.21±1.05） Gy。两组定位时间、定位次数及放射暴露剂量的差异有统计学意义。结论 腰椎微创定位系统及定位方法能够简化手术操作,具有定位准确性高、定位时间短、透视次数少、医护人员及患者接受X线射线暴露量低的优点。     

Blood Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Is a Biomarker of Acute and Chronic Kidney Injury and Predicts Progression to ESRD in Type I Diabetes

Currently, no blood biomarker that specifically indicates injury to the proximal tubule of the kidney has been identified. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is highly upregulated in proximal tubular cells following kidney injury. The ectodomain of KIM-1 is shed into the lumen, and serves as a urinary biomarker of kidney injury. We report that shed KIM-1 also serves as a blood biomarker of kidney injury. Sensitive assays to measure plasma and serum KIM-1 in mice, rats, and humans were developed and validated in the current study. Plasma KIM-1 levels increased with increasing periods of ischemia (10, 20, or 30 minutes) in mice, as early as 3 hours after reperfusion; after unilateral ureteral obstruction (day 7) in mice; and after gentamicin treatment (50 or 200 mg/kg for 10 days) in rats. In humans, plasma KIM-1 levels were higher in patients with AKI than in healthy controls or post-cardiac surgery patients without AKI (area under the curve, 0.96). In patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass, plasma KIM-1 levels increased within 2 days after surgery only in patients who developed AKI (P<0.01). Blood KIM-1 levels were also elevated in patients with CKD of varous etiologies. In a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes and proteinuria, serum KIM-1 level at baseline strongly predicted rate of eGFR loss and risk of ESRD during 5–15 years of follow-up, after adjustment for baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, eGFR, and Hb1Ac. These results identify KIM-1 as a blood biomarker that specifically reflects acute and chronic kidney injury.     

Investigating the role of DNA damage in tobacco smoking-induced spine degeneration

Background contextTobacco smoking is a key risk factor for spine degeneration. However, the underlying mechanism by which smoking induces degeneration is not known. Recent studies implicate DNA damage as a cause of spine and intervertebral disc degeneration. Because tobacco smoke contains many genotoxins, we hypothesized that tobacco smoking promotes spine degeneration by inducing cellular DNA damage.PurposeTo determine if DNA damage plays a causal role in smoking-induced spine degeneration.Study designTo compare the effect of chronic tobacco smoke inhalation on intervertebral disc and vertebral bone in normal and DNA repair-deficient mice to determine the contribution of DNA damage to degenerative changes.MethodsTwo-month-old wild-type (C57BL/6) and DNA repair-deficient Ercc1^?/Δ mice were exposed to tobacco smoke by direct inhalation (4 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week for 7 weeks) to model first-hand smoking in humans. Total disc proteoglycan (PG) content (1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay), PG synthesis (³⁵S-sulfate incorporation assay), aggrecan proteolysis (immunoblotting analysis), and vertebral bone morphology (microcomputed tomography) were measured.ResultsExposure of wild-type mice to tobacco smoke led to a 19% increase in vertebral porosity and a 61% decrease in trabecular bone volume. Intervertebral discs of smoke-exposed animals also showed a 2.6-fold decrease in GAG content and an 8.1-fold decrease in new PG synthesis. These smoking-induced degenerative changes were similar but not worse in Ercc1^?/Δ mice.ConclusionsShort-term exposure to high levels of primary tobacco smoke inhalation promotes degeneration of vertebral bone and discs. Disc degeneration is primarily driven by reduced synthesis of proteoglycans needed for vertebral cushioning. Degeneration was not exacerbated in congenic DNA repair-deficient mice, indicating that DNA damage per se does not have a significant causal role in driving smoke-induced spine degeneration.     

A guanidyl-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticle-anchored graphene nanohybrid for enhanced capture of phosphopeptides

TiO₂-based MOAC (metal oxide affinity chromatography) nanomaterials are regarded as one of the most promising materials for phosphopeptide enrichment. However, the serious non-specific adsorption of acidic peptides and the limited chemisorption performance to phosphopeptides will greatly reduce the enrichment efficiency. To overcome the above problems, a novel TiO₂ hybrid material with guanidyl-functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles (GF-TiO₂) anchored on the surface of a graphene oxide (GO) platform (denoted as GF-TiO₂–GO) is successfully synthesized and applied as a biofunctional adsorbent for selective enrichment of trace phosphopeptides. Due to the improved selectivity to phosphopeptides and larger loading capacity, the novel GF-TiO₂–GO nanohybrids exhibited higher selectivity toward phosphopeptides and a lower detection limit even when the concentration of β-casein was decreased to only 1 × 10⁻¹¹ M. The selective enrichment test toward phosphopeptides from the tryptic digests of nonfat milk and human serum further validated that the GF-TiO₂–GO nanohybrids were capable of selectively capturing global phosphopeptides from complicated biological samples.

A novel TiO₂-based MOAC hybrid nanomaterial was successfully synthesized and applied as a biofunctional adsorbent for selective enrichment of trace phosphopeptides.     

Correction: A guanidyl-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticle-anchored graphene nanohybrid for enhanced capture of phosphopeptides

Correction for ‘A guanidyl-functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticle-anchored graphene nanohybrid for enhanced capture of phosphopeptides’ by Hailong Liu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 29476–29481.

The authors regret that there was an error in Fig. 3 of the original article, as the three parts of the figure were labelled incorrectly. The correct version of Fig. 3 is presented below.Open in a separate windowFig. 1MALDI-TOF mass spectra of tryptic digests of β-casein: (a) direct analysis and after enriched by (b) GF-TiO₂–GO and (c) TiO₂ (# dephosphorylated fragment).The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.