癌痛患者药学监护模式的探讨

目的探讨癌痛患者药学监护的模式与效果。方法采用WHO合理用药调研方法,通过了解和分析癌痛患者药物治疗的情况及其中存在的问题,提出药物治疗建议,制订个体化药学监护计划,实施全程药学监护。结果50例癌痛患者的疼痛评分（NRS）由（4.9±1.6）分降低为（1.7±0.7）,较干预前降低,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）;50例患者用药依从性与药学监护前相比有显著提高,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0.01）;药物不良反应改善。结论临床药师参与癌痛控制,可减轻患者癌痛,提高用药依从性,改善药物不良反应。     

前列腺癌患者经济负担现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解前列腺癌患者经济负担（financial toxicity,FT）现状及影响因素,为降低前列腺癌患者FT水平提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2020年1月—2021年8月入住上海市某三级甲等医院的281例前列腺癌患者为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、癌症患者报告结局的经济毒性量表、医学应对方式问卷和一般自我效能感量表进行横断面调查。采用多元线性回归分析FT的影响因素。 结果 前列腺癌患者的经济负担得分为22.0（17.0,24.0）分。多元线性回归分析显示,疾病诊断是否影响其退休年龄、家庭人均月收入（元）、最近3个月以来治疗费用、医学应对方式屈服维度得分及自我效能感水平是影响其FT的主要因素（P<0.001）,解释总变异的45.6%。 结论 前列腺癌患者FT处于中下水平,临床医务人员可通过实施有效的干预措施帮助其重返工作,评估患者经济状况选择个体化的治疗方案,鼓励其寻求更多的社会支持,引导其采取积极的应对方式和提升其自我效能水平以降低FT水平,提升其生活质量。     

育龄期乳腺癌患者生育忧虑支持性心理干预方案的构建研究

目的：构建育龄期乳腺癌患者生育忧虑支持性心理干预方案。方法：成立研究小组,通过现状调查、个体化访谈、文献检索和小组讨论形成育龄期乳腺癌患者生育忧虑支持性心理干预方案初稿。采用德尔菲法对天津市15名专家进行2轮专家函询,根据专家意见结合临床实践经验对指标进行增减、修改。结果：2轮专家函询的问卷回收率为100%,专家权威系数为0.885,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.390和0.152,重要性赋值均数分别为3.87～5.00和4.00～4.93,变异系数分别为0.00～0.23和0.05～0.24。最终形成育龄期乳腺癌患者生育忧虑支持性心理干预方案,包括生育信息、提升希望、社会支持3个一级指标,11个二级指标,24个三级指标。结论：构建的育龄期乳腺癌患者生育忧虑支持性心理干预方案具有科学性、全面性和实用性,可为临床护理人员开展心理干预提供借鉴和参考。     

脊髓血管畸形引起的脊髓卒中2例报告

因脊髓血管畸形引起脊髓卒中临床较少见,脊髓卒中可发生在脊髓的任何节段并累及不同的范围,多见于胸腰段及中胸段,颈段最少.其临床表现复杂,加上临床经验不足时容易误诊误治.现将我科自1999年以来收治的2例脊髓卒中报告如下.     

进口罗红霉素在健康人体内的药代动力学

为探讨进口罗红霉素在国人体内的过程特点，对１６名男性健康志愿者单剂口服罗红霉素片剂后的药代动力学进行了研究。采用微生物法测定口服本品后不同时间血清中药物浓度，药时数据用３Ｐ８７软件经微机处理。结果：口服本品后的体内过程符合二房室开放模型，主要药动学参数，如峰时间、峰浓度、消除半衰期、药时曲线下面积分别为（１６７±０５７）ｈ、（８８０±１３０）ｍｇ／Ｌ、（１３８８±１３８）ｈ、（１０８７３±２００２）ｍｇ·ｈ·Ｌ－１。结果表明：国人罗红霉素药动学特点与国外报道相似     

球面对称设计在药剂学上的应用

探讨球面对称设计法在优化药剂设计中的应用，将该法用于氨茶碱控释微丸的研究，结果发现该方法简便、易行，优化结果与实验值相近。     

齐墩果醇酸对青霉噻唑蛋白致敏豚鼠过敏性休克的对抗作用

研究了齐墩果醇酸（ＯＡ）对青霉噻唑（ＢＰＯ）蛋白致敏豚鼠过敏性休克的对抗作用。结果：豚鼠皮下注射ＯＡ，可明显降低ＢＰＯ－蛋白致敏豚鼠过敏性休克的发生率和死亡率，致敏对照组过敏性休克的发生率和死亡率均为１００％，ＯＡ５０，１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１给药组过敏性休克发生率分别为７３％和６３％，死亡率分别为６３％和５５％；抑制致敏豚鼠血清抗ＢＰＯ抗体生成；降低肺组胺含量；抑制豚鼠ＰＣＡ反应及大鼠颅骨骨膜肥大细胞脱颗粒。提示：ＯＡ对抗青霉素过敏性休克作用机制与其抑制血清抗ＢＰＯ抗体生成，并降低组胺含量有关。     

Equality in satisfaction, perceived need, and utilization of dental care in a 50-year old Swedish population

Abstract Satisfaction with dental care, perceived need for dental care, and dental care utilization were analyzed as to equality in geographical, socio-economic, and gender distributions. The study base was a cross-sectional mail questionnaire sent in 1992 to all 50-year old persons (totally 8890) in Örebro and Östergötland counties in Sweden. Measures of the variables were all based on self-assessments. The response rate was 71.3%. The results showed no large inequalities as to satisfaction, except the aspect travel time for rural residents. They also had higher perceived need for dental care. For utilization of dental care, workers were relatively fewer among “high” consumers. Controlling for socio-economic group, there were twice as many men than women among “low” consumers. In conclusion, there was relative equality in the dental care delivery in this 50-year old Swedish population, with some remaining social differences, primarily socio-economically contingent.     

Dietary supplementation of baicalin and quercetin attenuates iron overload induced mouse liver injury

The introduction of new iron chelating drugs may ultimately improve iron-chelation therapy for patients with iron overload diseases such as thalassaemia and other disorders. In this paper, the in vivo effects of baicalin and quercetin on iron overload induced liver injury were studied on mice. It was found that when iron-dextran induced iron overload mice were fed baicalin or quercetin containing diet (1% w/w) for 45 days, both flavonoids significantly inhibited iron overload induced lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation of liver, decreased hepatic iron and hepatic collagen content, increased the serum non-heme iron level but not serum ferritin level. Flavonoids supplementation also increased the excretion of iron through feces. In vitro study demonstrated that both flavonoids could release iron from ferritin. These results indicate that besides acting as antioxidants, both flavonoids can also release iron from liver and finally excrete it through feces. The present study provides further support for flavonoids to be medicines for iron overload diseases.     

Effects of flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury

Hemin-nitrite-H2O2 system may play a role in liver oxidative injury in some pathological events. In this paper, the effects of the three active components of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, i.e. baicalin, baicalein and wogonin, on hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury were studied in liver homogenate, liver microsome and human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 cells. It was found that hemin-nitrite-H2O2 could induce liver homogenate protein nitration, lipid peroxidation and liver microsome protein oxidation; it also caused a decrease of HepG2 cells viability. Baicalein, baicalin and wogonin could inhibit protein nitration and lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate as well as in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, the inhibition order was baicalein>baicalin>wogonin. These three flavonoids also inhibited the oxidation of protein in liver microsome, the decrease of cell viability and the content of GSH in HepG2 cells, among which baicalin represented the most inhibitory effect. Besides, hemin-H2O2 induced cell injury could be augmented with the existence of nitrite, indicating protein nitration involved in hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury. These results demonstrated hemin-nitrite-H2O2 could induce liver injury through oxidizing or nitrating different biomolecules. Baicalein, baicalin and wogonin could inhibit hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury in dose-dependent manners by inhibiting oxidation and nitration.