相对湿度对空调环境至适温度影响的研究

本文研究空调室内相同温度（夏季：２４℃，２８℃：冬季：１９℃；２２℃）条件下相对湿度（分别为３０～７０％；８５～９５％）对至适温度的影响。以健康成年人为研究对象，以体温、皮温、皮温差、温热感和舒适感为观察指标。结果表明：空调室内气温相同时，皮温差、温热感、舒适感均随气湿不同而出现差异。夏季空调温度为２８℃、气湿为８５～９５％时，皮温差（２．１℃）已超出生理至适范围，温热感（１２．５％）和舒适感（０％）也随湿度增高而下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提出在制订空调至适温度卫生标准时，应考虑空气湿度对至适温度的影响。     

经蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤

目的:探讨采用经蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤的临床疗效.方法:1990年3月至2002年12月采用经蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤493例(微腺瘤93例,大腺瘤301例,巨大腺瘤99例),其中经唇下-鼻中隔入路345例,经鼻小柱-鼻中隔入路99例,经单鼻孔入路49例.结果:肿瘤全切除269例(54.6％),次全切除117例(23.7％),部分切除107例(21.7％);术后视力及视野改善者占86.7％(268/309),内分泌指标改善者占73.8％(259/351),出现并发症43例(8.7％).结论:经蝶窦手术切除垂体腺瘤是安全有效的;大型垂体腺瘤可以采用分次经蝶窦手术治疗.     

经皮顺行交锁钉治疗股骨干骨折

目的:评价经皮顺行交锁钉治疗股骨干骨折的临床疗效.方法:对79例82处股骨干骨折采用髋部小切口经皮顺行交锁钉治疗,观察疗效.结果:75例(92%)获得了良好的解剖对位并达到一期愈合,6例(8%)迟缓愈合.另外,由于再次手术1例(1%)发生了深部感染.失血量较少(平均小于100 mL),切口平均长25 mm.1年后随访只有10%髋部疼痛.结论:与传统手术方式相比,经皮技术术中出血少、对周围组织创伤少,是一个安全又有效的方法.     

VEGF-C和VEGF-D蛋白表达在胰腺癌淋巴转移中的意义

目的探讨胰腺癌中VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白表达与淋巴结转移之间的相关关系,阐明癌周淋巴管增生在胰腺癌淋巴转移中的作用及意义。方法免疫组化检测30例胰腺癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D的表达及其与临床病理、淋巴结转移的关系。结果胰腺癌VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白表达阳性率分别为73%(22/30)、57%(17/30),肿瘤周边部位显著高于肿瘤中心部位,其表达与肿瘤的部位、分化程度、组织学类型无关,与肿瘤的TNM分期有关,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期显著高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期。在VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白阳性组,淋巴结转移均显著增多。结论VEGF-C和VEGF-D与诱导胰腺癌淋巴管生成,促进肿瘤细胞淋巴道转移有关。     

Efficacy of lumiracoxib in relieving pain associated with knee osteoarthritis: a 6‐week,randomized, double‐blind,parallel‐group study

Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lumiracoxib 200 mg once daily (o.d.) in relieving osteoarthritis (OA) knee pain in patients in China, Taiwan, and South Korea. Methods: Patients of either sex (aged ≥ 18 years) with symptomatic, primary OA of the knee for ≥ 3 months were eligible for inclusion if they had OA pain intensity of ≥ 40 mm (100 mm visual analogue scale [VAS]) in the target knee joint during the previous 24 h. Patients were required to undergo regular non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy for ≥ 6 weeks. After 3–7 days of screening, patients were randomized (1 : 1) to receive either lumiracoxib 200 mg o.d. or celecoxib 200 mg o.d. The primary efficacy comparison between the study groups was overall OA pain intensity (VAS) in the target knee after 6 weeks of treatment. Results: The mean overall OA pain intensity (VAS) in the target knee after 6 weeks decreased from 60.6 mm to 35.7 mm and 60.5 mm to 36.1 mm in the lumiracoxib and celecoxib groups, respectively. Both study groups showed similar results in terms of improvement in both patient's and physician's global assessment of disease activity and functional health status. The percentage of adverse events (AEs) in the lumiracoxib and celecoxib groups (40.3% and 37.9%, respectively) was similar, as was the proportion of treatment‐related AEs (21.0% and 18.2%, respectively). Conclusions: Lumiracoxib 200 mg o.d. provided effective and well‐tolerated pain relief similar to that achieved with celecoxib 200 mg o.d. in knee OA patients.     

床旁临时起搏器作为AMI的常备急救设备及其在基层医院推广应用研究

目的 床旁临时起搏器作为急性心肌梗死（AMI）的常备急救设备的价值及其在基层医院推广应用的可行性研究。方法 回顾性研究分析2001-2003年间不能床旁植入临时起搏器与2004-2005年能床旁植入临床起搏器抢救AMI的住院病死率、心衰、心源性休克、2mo后再次住院发生率。临时起搏器植入术安全性的指标比较。结果 不能床旁植入临时起搏器组的住院病死率为14．58％，心衰发生率为27．08％，心源性休克发生率为12．5％，2mo后再次住院发生率为16．67％。床旁植入临时起搏器组的住院病死率为3．57％，心衰发生率为7．14％，心源性休克发生率为3．57％，2mo后再次住院发生率为3．57％，两组相比p〈0．01有显著性差异。而起搏器植入的安全性指标：起搏器植入成功率为100％，脱位率为10．7％，并发症发生率为14.3％，住院病死率3．57％。结论 床旁临时起搏器抢救AMI住院病死率低，心衰发生率、心源性休克发生率及2mo后再次住院发生率低，应作为AMI抢救的常备急救设备，另外床旁临时起搏器植入是安全的、有效的，成功率高，操作不难，在基层医院（二甲医院）可推广应用。     

横窦和窦汇的浅表解剖学标志

目的为神经外科手术准确定位横窦的下缘和窦汇确定出一个可靠的浅表解剖学标志。方法对10例经10%甲醛溶液固定的尸头标本进行逐步解剖,测量各相关解剖结构到横窦下缘的距离。结果实验所收集的数据表明在定位横窦下缘和窦汇时,上项线及枕外隆凸尖不是一个可靠的浅表解剖学标志。而以半脊肌附着点作为浅表解剖学标志比以上项线作为浅表解剖标志更准确、可靠。本组10例标本中,无1例的半脊肌附着点超过横窦下部边界3mm,并且它可以作为一个可靠的浅表解剖学标志用以定位接近中线部分的横窦。结论这些发现可以帮助神经外科医生在治疗后颅窝和颅颈接合处病变而进行的各种中线入路手术时更准确的定位横窦。     

反义骨调素寡核苷酸对肾小管上皮细胞骨调素mRNA表达及其胶原凝胶黏附能力的影响

【目的】观察反义骨调素(OPN)寡核苷酸(AS-ODN)对大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK52E)骨调素mRNA表达及黏附能力的影响;比较AS-ODN的游离形式和经阳离子脂质体(DOTAP)包裹形式的反义抑制效果。【方法】用荧光显微镜观察荧光素标记的AS-ODN在细胞中的分布;将寡核苷酸处理NRK52E细胞48h,用TRIzol试剂提取细胞总RNA;用RNA斑点杂交和RT-PCR检测OPNmRNA的表达;将ODN/DOTAP复合物处理的细胞置于胶原凝胶表面,计算细胞的黏附率。【结果】AS-ODN能转移进入胞核中;AS-ODN处理的细胞OPNmRNA表达水平均较低(P<0.05),而顺义或错义寡核苷酸处理的细胞OPNmRNA水平较高,即使30μmol/L浓度也无抑制作用;游离AS-ODN最低抑制浓度为3.75μmol/L,而AS-ODN浓度为0.5μmol/L的AS-ODN/DOTAP复合物具有良好抑制作用;AS-ODN处理的细胞黏附率降低,而顺义或错义寡核苷酸处理的细胞黏附能力较强。【结论】反义骨调素寡核苷酸能特异地抑制大鼠肾小管上皮细胞OPNmRNA表达和黏附胶原凝胶能力;阳离子脂质体能促进AS-ODN的反义抑制作用。     

食管癌与贲门癌术后胃排空障碍15例临床分析

目的：探讨食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因、诊断及防治。方法：回顾性分析15例食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因，区分功能性及机械性胃排空障碍的诊断，提出防治措施。结果：15例患者中11例功能性胃排空障碍，经保守治疗治愈。4例机械性胃排空障碍经手术治愈。常规行幽门成形术者，无胃排空障碍发生。结论：食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的发生与手术方式、术中操作及迷走神经干的切断等因素有关。应规范手术操作，常规行幽门成形术及辅以胃肠动力药物等进行治疗。     

A preliminary study of the relationship between antibiotic administration and changes in bacteriological profile of wound infection in a burn unit

Objective:To investigate the relationship between antibiotic administration and the changes in bacteriological profile in a burn unit. Methods: The data of consumption of different kinds of antibiotics, including total antibiotic consumption [expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)] as well as pathogen identification, were collected in a 8-year period. The constituent ratios of different kinds of antibiotics in total antibiotic consumption to isolation rates of various species of bacteria were calculated, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: Within this period, it was found that the aminoglycosides and first generation cephalosporins were used less frequently, while the polypeptides, carbopenem and macrolides were used proportionally more. At the same time, the isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were gradually increased. The constituent ratios of predominant pathogens were correlated to the different kinds of antibiotics consumption in the burn unit. Conclusion: The results suggested that the consumption of different antibiotics was closely related to the trends of emergence of bacterial isolates from infected burn wounds. The result might imply that to regulate the administration of certain antibiotics might help decrease the emergence of certain pathogenic bacteria in burn infections.