白血病患者血清铜、锌的变化

本文报道57例白血病血清铜,锌含量的测定结果。白血病治疗前血清铜升高,铜/锌值增大;治疗后,病情缓解者下降,未缓解者则更高。血清锌在治疗前后无何差异。急性淋巴细胞性白血病骨髓中白血病细胞百分数与血清铜浓度呈正相关。检测血清铜,锌对白血病疗效的预测及判断预后有一定意义。     

A juvenile animal model to study the growth potential of bowel segments in the urinary tract

A juvenile animal model has been developed to study the growth potential of ileum in the urinary tract. Patch ileocystoplasties of known surface area were constructed in dogs of Group 1. Nonrefluxing ileal nipple valves of known length were created to replace one ureter in dogs of Group 2. After the juvenile animals grew and at minimum doubled their weight, they were reoperated and augmentation surface areas were remeasured at various physiologic intravesical pressures. Nipple valve lengths were remeasured after cystograms ruled out reflux. Results show that the bowel augmentation and an identical control segment increased in surface area proportionate to animal growth and that hydrostatic dilation caused further surface area increase. Nipple valves did not grow and in fact shortened, but remained nonrefluxing. The conclusion is that in the pediatric population, consideration should be given to downscaling the size of bladder augmentations or diversions in anticipation of future bowel growth, but that one should not shorten the ileal nipple valves.     

Calculation of cyclic voltammetric responses for the catalytic reduction of substrates via intramolecular electron transfer within a catalyst-substrate complex formed on electrode surfaces

Cyclic voltammetric responses are calculated for the case where the reduction of a substrate proceeds only via intramolecular electron transfer to the substrate molecule when it is bound to reduced catalyst molecules present in a single monolayer on the electrode surface. The dependences of the voltammetric responses on the equilibrium constant for the formation of the catalyst-substrate complex, the rate of its formation and the rate of intramolecular electron transfer are discussed. Procedures are described for estimating the rate constant for the intramolecular electron transfer reaction and for discriminating between mechanistic possibilities.     

远程报警器在细胞培养机上的应用

细胞培养机远程报警器是用于生物制品细胞培养工序中,监测细胞培养机是否正常运行的一种远程报警装置.常规报警装置一般只能实现就地声光报警,缺乏远程电话报警功能.本文介绍的报警装置弥补了常规报警装置的不足,不但能实现细胞培养机停转后的现场声光报警,还实现了远程异地报警.远程报警器使操作人员在任何地方都可获得细胞培养机发生停转故障的信息,不但使操作人员从单一低效的就地监检值班中解脱出来,而且还能及时返回机房排除故障,避免或减少产品损失.此外,报警器还可用于温度监测及超温远程报警,即可同时监测细胞培养机是否停转和恒温孵室是否超温,本文介绍的远程报警器为大规模细胞培养提供了更为有效、更为可靠的监测管理手段.     

Prevalence of knee abnormalities in patients with osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament injury identified with peripheral magnetic resonance imaging: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To assess, with a peripheral magnetic resonance imaging system (pMRI), the prevalence of bony and soft tissue abnormalities in the knee joints of normal subjects, osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and individuals who have suffered an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture; and 2) to compare the prevalence among groups. METHODS: Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 28 healthy, 32 OA, and 26 ACL damaged knees were acquired with a 1.0-T pMRI system. Two radiologists graded the presence and severity of 9 MR image features: cartilage degeneration, osteophytes, subchondral cyst, bone marrow edema, meniscal abnormality, ligament integrity, loose bodies, popliteal cysts, and joint effusion. RESULTS: Ten of 28 healthy (35.7%), 24 of 26 ACL (92.3%), and all OA knees (100%) showed prevalent cartilage defects; 5 healthy (17.9%), 20 ACL (76.9%), and all OA knees (100%) had osteophytes; and 9 normal (32.1%), 21 ACL (80.8%), and 29 OA knees (90.6%) had meniscal abnormalities. One-half of the knees in the OA group (16 of 32, 50%) had subchondral cysts, and almost one-half had bone marrow edema (15 of 32, 46.9%). These features were not common in the ACL group (7.7%, and 11.5%, respectively) and were not observed in healthy knees. The OA group had the most severe cartilage defects, osteophytes, bone marrow edema, subchondral cysts, and meniscal abnormalities; the ACL group showed more severe cartilage defects, osteophytes, and meniscal abnormalities than did normal subjects. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that knees that have sustained ACL damage have OA-like reatures; most subjects (19 of 26, 73.1%) could be identified as in the early stage of OA. The prominent abnormalities present in ACL-damaged knees are cartilage defects, osteophytes, and meniscal abnormalities.     

无创性缺血预处理延迟相心肌保护作用及其机制的研究

目的　通过建立大鼠在体缺血再灌注模型 ,探索无创性缺血预处理 (NIPC)延迟心肌保护作用 ,以及核因子κB (NF κB)在此过程中所起的作用。方法　将SD雄性大鼠随机分成 4组 ,Ⅰ组 (I/R组 ) ;Ⅱ组 (NIPC组 ) ;Ⅲ组 (PDTC NIPC组 ) ;Ⅳ组 (PDTC组 )。PDTC为NF κB特异性抑制剂。建立体内大鼠缺血再灌注模型 ,分别结扎前降支 4 5min ,复灌 30min ,观察大鼠心肌超微结构、心律失常发生率 ,并测量超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )、NF κB的值 ;复灌 2h测定心肌梗死面积。其中NIPC为I/R前 2 4h采用止血带阻断双下肢血流 5min ,复灌 5min ,反复 3个循环。结果　Ⅱ组心功能恢复优于其它 3组、心梗面积小于其它 3组(P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;心律失常发生率较其他 3组低 (均P <0 0 5 )。Ⅲ组的各项结果与另外 3组比较均有统计学意义 ,Ⅰ和Ⅳ组的结果差别没有统计学意义。结论　无创性缺血预处理可以起到延迟相心肌保护作用 ;NF κB在预处理过程中可以诱导产生心肌保护蛋白 ,但在心肌持续缺血过程中作为一种重要炎症因子可加重心肌损伤。     

口服谷氨酰胺颗粒对烧创伤患者的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察口服谷氨酰胺(Gln)颗粒对烧(创)伤及大手术患者的疗效及可能发生的不良反应.方法采用随机双盲、安慰剂对照法,将受试患者分为Gln组和对照组,每组60例,两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持.Gln组口服或管饲Gln 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1,对照组使用同等剂量的安慰剂甘氨酸,疗程均为7 d.比较用药前后两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能、蛋白代谢、免疫功能、肝和肾功能的变化及不良反应等. 结果伤后两组患者血浆Gln浓度明显低于正常值,而血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、内毒素含量、肠黏膜通透性[尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)]及尿氮排量均明显增高;但Gln组用药7 d后血浆Gln浓度与用药前比较增加38.04%(P＜0.01).Gln组血浆前白蛋白、转铁蛋白及白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),升幅分别为21.19%、51.11%、57.54%.血浆DAO活性、L/M比值、内毒素含量及尿氮排量明显低于对照组,降幅分别为47.26%、52.18%、22.22%、27.78%(P＜0.05或0.01).两组患者的血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿常规及肝、肾功能在用约前后变化不明显(P＞0.05).用药后有少数患者出现轻微不良反应如恶心、腹泻和便秘等,2～3 d后自行缓解,两组间比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论口服Gln能显著提高患者血浆Gln浓度,明显减轻伤后肠黏膜受损程度,并能促进机体蛋白合成,降低蛋白分解,提高机体免疫功能,且临床应用无明显不良反应.     

Local Inflammation in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Alters Excitability and Ion Currents in Small-diameter Sensory Neurons

Background: Chronic pain conditions may result from peripheral nerve injury, chronic peripheral inflammation, or sensory ganglia inflammation. However, inflammatory processes may also contribute to peripheral nerve injury responses. To isolate the contribution of local inflammation of sensory ganglia to chronic pain states, the authors previously developed a rat model in which long-lasting pain is induced by inflaming sensory ganglia without injuring the neurons. This results in prolonged mechanical pain, local increases in proinflammatory cytokines, increased neuronal hyperexcitability, and abnormal spontaneous activity.

Methods: The authors used whole cell patch clamp in acutely isolated small-diameter neurons to determine how localized inflammation (3-5 days) of L4 and L5 ganglia altered voltage-gated K+ and Na+ currents.

Results: Tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ currents increased twofold to threefold in neurons from inflamed ganglia. Tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ currents increased more than twofold, but only in cells that bound isolectin B4. These increases occurred without shifts in voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. Similar results are seen in models of peripheral inflammation, except for the large magnitudes. Unlike most pain models, localized inflammation increased rather than decreased voltage-gated K+ currents, due to increased amplitudes of the sustained (delayed rectifier) and fast-inactivating transient components. The overall effect in current clamp experiments was an increase in excitability as indicated by decreased rheobase and lower action potential threshold.