全容积三维超声定量评价心脏的结构功能与同步性

全容积三维超声是近年来超声心动图领域的新进展,为心脏疾病的诊断提供了新的显像方式.该文较全面地阐述了全容积三维超声定量诊断的新进展,包括对心血管的腔径、面积、容量、功能以及心脏机械运动同步性等的测量,为临床治疗决策的制定、疗效评价和预后判断提供重要参考.     

细菌耐药——重症感染治疗面临的问题

近年来,耐药细菌所致的感染性疾病已成为导致危重患儿死亡的重要原因之一,颇受关注,故本文就细菌耐药性概述、耐药菌引起的重症感染及治疗问题进行探讨.     

肠外营养导致大鼠肝细胞周期基因的变化及临床意义

目的 本研究利用实时定量PCR芯片技术,检测TPN后肝脏细胞周期基因表达的变化,探讨哪些基因在肝脏损害中发挥作用,为临床预防和治疗PNALD提供资料.方法 选择12只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为TPN组(6只)和生理盐水对照组(6只),7d后应用实时定量PCR芯片检测方法 ,比较两组大鼠间肝脏细胞周期基因的表达.结果 TPN组大鼠肝脏病理表现为肝细胞弥漫的脂肪空泡变性,小叶中央区较周边区更为明显;TPN组大鼠肝脏细胞周期表达上调基因有Atm、Brea1、CAkn1b、Dnajc2、G2a、Nfatc1、Notch2、Pkd1、Ppp2r3a等,表达下调基因有CAc25b、Ccnd1、E2f1、Mcm3、Nek2、Wee1等.结论 TPN组与生理盐水对照组大鼠比较,肝脏细胞周期基因表达存在差异,肝细胞周期基因ATM、BRCA1、Cdkn1b 等表达的改变,提示肝细胞增生减少和凋亡的增加,从而阻止肝细胞的修复,可能TPN与肝脏损伤的发生和发展相关.     

茎突CT薄层冠状扫描在诊断茎突过长综合征中的价值

目的 探讨“一点一线垂直法”茎突CT薄层冠状扫描在诊断茎突过长中的价值。方法测量72例双侧茎突的长度、方位、形态、厚度、尖端与咽侧壁距离,总结茎突过长病人的临床症状与诊断。 结果 ①41例67侧长度超过3.0cm,符合茎突过长的诊断;②12例12侧茎突虽未超过3.0cm(均在2.5～2.9cm),且茎突方位角>20°、末端与咽侧壁的距离<20mm,并有临床症状的应考虑茎突过长综合征;③按茎突的形态进行分型:锥型(分直锥、弧锥),束状型,分节型,发育不良型。其中分节型与临床症状有密切关系。结论 ①茎突CT薄层冠状扫描能清晰显示茎突的长度、形态、厚度、末端与咽侧壁距离,是诊断茎突过长的一种可靠方法;②“一点一线垂直法”茎突CT薄层冠状扫描无需进行图像重建,可操作性强、简捷易行、便于推广。     

小鼠胚泡着床相关基因的差减筛选

目的:筛选新的小鼠胚泡着床相关基因。方法:对孕4.5 d小鼠着床和非着床位点的子宫内膜组织进行PCR差减。获得了2个新的在小鼠胚泡着床位点高表达的EST(EST8和EST81)。结果:EST8在孕4.5 d小鼠着床位点、肝脏中表达较高,在非着床位点和卵巢中亦有微量表达。EST81主要在孕4.5 d小鼠子宫着床组织和卵巢中表达,其它各种组织中也有微量表达。用PCR方法获得了相应的全长。cDNA,长度分别为1665bp和1364bp。结论:用差减筛选获得的两种cDNA是孕小鼠着床相关基因,其功能有待进一步研究。     

避孕药物醋酸烯诺孕酮的研究进展

哺乳期妇女出于对婴儿安全的考虑 ,对于避孕药物的选择十分谨慎。醋酸烯诺孕酮的激素特性和药代动力学特点使其在临床试验中避孕率高 ,副作用小 ,尤其对婴儿无影响 ,其皮下埋植剂有希望成为哺乳期妇女避孕的首选药物。本文就醋酸烯诺孕酮的化学结构、激素活性、药代动力学特性、临床有效率、副作用、药物作用机制以及阴道环剂型等方面作一综述。     

三日龄大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤对大脑MRI影像和学习记忆能力的远期影响

Objective To investigate the activation of apoptotic genes of the brain with hypoxia- ischemia (HI) in newborn SD rats, and MRI changes and memory and learning ability in adulthood. Methods HI was induced by right carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h of hypoxia (6% O2) on 3-day-old SD rats (n=36). Control pups were sham-operated (n = 27). Right brain hemisphere was collected at 12 h and 7 d after HI and subjected to an apoptosis Oligo GEArrayR. MRI and Morris water maze test were performed on both groups at 42 and 44 days old, respectively. Results Comparing to 12 h after HI, up-regulated apoptotic genes included TNF, Caspase and pro-apoptotit genes of Bcl2 families, whereas the anti-apoptotic genes of Bcl2 family were down-regulated at 7 d after HI. The MRI assessment of the rats in HI group demonstrated that the area of the right cerebra l cortex was significantly smaller than the left side and control [periventricular layer: (23.5±3.6) mm2 vs (33.0±4.3) mm2, (34.5±3.9) mm2; hippocampus layer: (18.9±4.4) mm2 vs (29.1±5.0) mm2,(30.8±4.5) mm2, both P<0.01]. During the navigation trial, the HI rats demonstrated longer escape latency (4th day: (52.7±35.9) vs (17.8±8. 9) s, P<0.01). HI rats passed the platform less times than the control ones (T= 292.5, P<0.05) in space probe trial. Conclusions The activation of apoptotic genes induced by HI brain injury remains until 7 days later, involving intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The apoptosis of neural cells may lead to poor development of the cortex and impair the memory and learning ability in the adult rats after neonatal hypoxia- ischemia injury.     

不同剂量HCG对体外受精-胚胎移植的影响

目的 :比较使用不同剂量人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (HCG)对体外受精 /胞浆内单精子注射 (IVF/ICSI)的结局及对卵巢过度刺激综合征 (OHSS)发病率的影响。方法 :对在本所接受IVF/ICSI辅助生育的 2 6 2例采用GnRH a长方案促排卵的患者进行回顾性分析 ,按HCG用量分为A组 (HCG 5 0 0 0～ 6 0 0 0U)、B组 (HCG 80 0 0～ 10 0 0 0U)。结果 :两组临床妊娠率分别为 35 .94 %和 38.0 5 % (P >0 .0 5 ) ,OHSS发生率分别为 2 .34%和 4 .4 8% (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :减少HCG用量后对IVF/ICSI的临床妊娠率无明显影响 ,且可以减少OHSS的发生。     

注射用司帕沙星的溶血试验

目的　观察注射用司帕沙星在试管内对新西兰白兔有无溶血、凝集作用。 方法 　取规定量受试药加入 2 %兔血生理盐水混悬液中 ,观察溶血和凝集情况。 结果 　第一～六管溶液中红细胞全部下沉 ,上层液体无色澄明 ,第七管全部溶血。 结论 　注射用司帕沙星在终浓度 1mg·m L- 1时 ,对兔红细胞无溶血和凝集现象。     

Facilitating effect of histamine on spatial memory deficits induced by dizocilpine as evaluated by 8-arm radial maze in SD rats

AIM: To investigate whether or not histamine is involved in spatial memory deficits induced by dizocilpine (MK-801) as evaluated by 8-arm radial maze of rats. METHODS: 8-Arm (4-arm baited) radial maze was used to measure spatial memory in rats. RESULTS: Bilaterally intrahippocampal (ih) injection of MK-801 (0.3 μg/site) impaired working memory and reference memory in rats. Both histamine (50, 100 ng/site, ih) and intraperitoneal (ip) injection of histidine (100, 200 mg/kg) markedly improved the spatial memory deficits induced by MK-801. On the other hand, the ameliorating effect of histidine (100 mg/kg, ip) was completely antagonized by α-fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH, 5 μg/site, ih), a potent and selective histidine decarboxylase (HDC) inhibitor, and H_1-antagonist pyrilamine (1 μg/site, ih), but not by H_2-antagonist cimetidine, even at a high dose (2.5 μg/site, ih). CONCLUSION: The hippocampal histamine plays an important role in the ameliorating effect on MK-801-induced spatial memory deficits,