紫外分光光度法测定平阳霉素霜的含量

目的：用紫外分光光度法测定平阳霉素霜的含量,为该药提供质量控制方法。方法：紫外分光光度法。结果：平阳霉素甲醇液在293.5nm处有最大吸收,在30－70μg/ml范围内吸收度与浓度有良好线性关系,其回归方程为A＝0.01066C-0.008(r=0.9998),平均回收率（n=5)为100．05％,RSD＝0．98％。结论：该法作为平阳霉素霜剂的含量测定方法、快捷准确、简便易行,适用于医院快检。     

Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1): updated nomenclature

Please cite this paper as: WHO/OIE/FAO. (2012) Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1): Updated nomenclature. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(1), 1–5. Background Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) throughout many regions of the eastern hemisphere has led to the emergence of new phylogenetic groups. A total of 1637 new H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences have become available since the previous nomenclature recommendations described in 2009 by the WHO/OIE/FAO H5N1 Evolution Working Group. A comprehensive analysis including all the new data is needed to update HA clade nomenclature. Methods Phylogenetic trees were constructed from data sets of all available H5N1 HA sequences. New clades were designated on the basis of phylogeny and p‐distance using the pre‐established nomenclature system (Emerg Infec Dis 2008; 14:e1). Each circulating H5N1 clade was subjected to further phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide sequence divergence calculations. Results All recently circulating clades (clade 1 in the Mekong River Delta, 2.1.3 in Indonesia, 2.2 in India/Bangladesh, 2.2.1 in Egypt, 2.3.2, 2.3.4 and 7 in Asia) required assignment of divergent HA genes to new second‐, third‐, and/or fourth‐order clades. At the same time, clades 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and several second‐ and third‐order groups from clade 2 have not been detected since 2008 or earlier. Conclusions New designations are recommended for 12 HA clades, named according to previously defined criteria. In addition, viruses from 13 clades have not been detected since 2008 or earlier. The periodic updating of this dynamic classification system allows continued use of a unified nomenclature in all H5N1 studies.     

The role of fatty acid hydrolase gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease

Background  Recent studies suggest a role for the endocannabinoid system, including fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in intestinal inflammation.
Aim  To analyse FAAH expression and the FAAH 385 C/A (p.Pro129Thr; rs324420) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in-patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Patients and methods  Genomic DNA from 1008 individuals (CD: n  = 435; UC: n  = 167; controls: n  = 406) was analysed for the FAAH 385 C/A SNP. We determined FAAH mRNA expression by quantitative PCR in CD and UC lesions as well as in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).
Results  There were no significant differences regarding the frequency of this SNP in the three study groups (CD, UC, controls). However, CD patients homozygous for the FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism were more likely to develop a severe disease phenotype associated with fistulas ( P  = 0.03, OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.08–8.98) and extra-intestinal manifestations ( P  = 0.005, OR 4.29, CI 1.49–12.35). In UC, homozygous carriers had an earlier disease onset than wild-type carriers ( P  = 0.01). FAAH mRNA expression correlated with IL-8 mRNA expression in CD lesions ( r  = 0.53). However, pro-inflammatory stimuli did not significantly increase FAAH mRNA expression in IECs.
Conclusion  The FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism may modulate the CD phenotype.     

广东省艾滋病病毒职业性暴露应急系统响应情况分析

目的建立艾滋病病毒(HIV)职业性暴露应急系统,分析应急响应情况。方法回顾性收集和分析2002~2004年报告的广东省各地HIV职业性暴露个案。结果2002~2004年共报告152例HIV职业性暴露个案,其中医务人员占74.34%,干警占13.82%。29.61%是皮肤黏膜接触性暴露,70.39%是创伤性暴露。暴露级别中,一级暴露占57.24%,二级暴露占35.53%,三级暴露占7.24%。94.74%的暴露者进行了暴露后应急局部处理。发生暴露后,只有38.16%的暴露者采用了合理的处理方案。104例(68.42%)进行了预防性服药,但其中仅有27.88%(29/104)的人采用合理的服药方案。48例(31.58%)未进行预防性服药,但其中仅有60.42%(29/48)的人是真正无需预防性服药者。92例暴露者经12个月的随访未发现有感染HIV者。结论广东省HIV职业性暴露应急系统能有效地响应全省HIV职业性暴露事件,但仍需加强对职业性暴露后应急处理技术的知识培训。