切实提高常见慢性呼吸道疾病防控水平

随着社会前进，我国许多慢性呼吸道疾病，如慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘等的患病率逐年上升，成为我国人群主要死因之一和造成重要社会负担的原因。至今许多人还没有充分认识到这一点，因而没有广泛采取有效的医疗服务模式来解决这个问题。     

Comparative study of open tension-free and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in hernioplasty and simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in hernioplasty and simultaneous cholecystectomy. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with symptomatic chronic calculous cholecystitis and synchronous unilateral primary inguinal hernia were performed combined surgery between October 2001 and March 2005. Of them, 10 cases underwent laparoscopic totally extraperiloneal mesh hernia repair (TEP) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), 3 cases underwent laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal mesh hernia repair (TAPP) and LC, and 15 cases underwent LC and open tension free hernia repair. Results: All the procedures were performed successfully, 2 patients occurred urinary retention in LC + open group and 1 patient occurred scrotum seroma in LC + TEP procedures. During the 6 to 24 months' follow-up, no hernia recurrences occurred in all patients. There were 6 patients (40%) in LC + open group had discomfort pain in the inguinal region and lasted 1 to 3 months. The operating time was longer in the totally laparoscopic group (TEP + LC and TAPP + LC) (104±31 min) than in the LC+open group (80±28 min) (P<0. 05). The intensity of postoperative pain at rest was greater in the LC + open group at 24 h (P<0. 05) and 48 h (P<0. 05). No differences between the 2 groups were found in the mean operating costs and oral intake of the postoperative period. But the time resume to walking (2. 9 vs 1. 8 d) (P<0. 01) and the mean hospital stay (8. 2 vs 4. 6 d) (P<0. 001) was longer in the LC + open group than in the totally laparoscopic group. Conclusion: In the same operating costs, the totally laparoscopic precedure has more advantages of low postoperative pain, quicker resume to walking and less hospital stay than open tension-free hernia repair in hernioplasty and simultaneous LC. Thus, the totally laparoscopic approach is considered to be advantage of the hernioplasty and simultaneous LC.     

Effects of varied interferons in combination with all-trans retinoic acid （ ATRA ） on proliferation and differentiation of ATRA-resistent APL cell

Objective：To investigate the effects and mechanisms of interferon in combination with alltrans retinoic acid （ATRA） on proliferation and differentiation of ATRA-resistent APL cell. Methods ：After MR2 cells （ATRA-resistance cell line） were treated with IFN-α, IFN-γ and ATRA alone or IFN-α and IFN-γ in combination with ATRA respectively. The cell proliferation was tested by MTT test and the cell differentiation was tested through light microscope by NBT test and flow cytometry （FCM）. The expres sion of promyelocytic leukemia （PML） protein was observed by indirect immune fluorescent method. Results： Both IFN-α and IFN-γ could inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of MR2 cells to some extent. The effects were more obvious after both interferons in combination with ATRA respectively （P〈0.05）. Moreover, the maturation of MR2 cells induced by IFN-γ＋ATRA group was more higher than that by IFN-α＋ATRA group （P〈0. 05）. Both interferons could induce the expressions of PML protein. Conclusion：Both interferons can inhibit MR2 cells proliferation, which may be related to the expression of PML protein induced by both interferons. The inducing differentiation effects of IFN-γ＋ATRA group on MR2 cells are more powerful than those of IFN-aq-ATRA group, which may be related to the different signal transduction pathway of both interferons.     

癫(癎)患儿月服用丙戊酸镁缓释片治疗前后认知功能的变化

目的观察丙戊酸镁缓释剂治疗癫的疗效及其对癫患儿认知功能的影响。方法对38例患儿予丙戊酸镁缓释剂治疗,并密切观察其发作控制的程度、服药期间的不良反应,定期复查肝功能和血常规,治疗前、治疗后6个月分别予患儿智商、P300测定,与正常对照组40例比较。结果完全控制18例(47.4%),显效11例(28.9%),有效6例(15.8%),无效3例(7.9%),总有效率92.1%;治疗前、治疗后6个月癫组智商与正常对照组相比,差异均有显著性(P均<0.01);治疗后6个月癫患儿的P300潜伏期、波幅治疗6个月后较治疗前有所改变,但均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。结论丙戊酸镁缓释剂治疗儿童癫疗效显著,使用方便,无明确的不良反应,且对儿童认知功能的影响不明显。     

正常幼儿畸变产物耳声发射听力筛查

目的探讨畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)在幼儿听力筛查中的应用。方法应用DPOAE对100名幼儿园儿童(200耳)进行听力筛查,纯音对2、3、4 kHz 3个频率两次测试,耳声发射响应点在通过/转介线以上,信噪比>10 dB为筛查通过。结果94名儿童双耳通过筛查,4名儿童因耵聍栓塞双耳未通过筛查,取出耵聍后复筛通过;2名儿童单耳因分泌性中耳炎未通过筛查,治疗后复筛通过。结论DPOAE适用于幼儿听力筛查,建议将其列为每年的幼儿体检项目。     

早产儿脑室周围白质软化的发病机制

脑室周围白质软化(PVL)为早产儿所特有的缺氧缺血性脑损伤。PVL发病机制主要与早产儿血管发育缺陷、发育阶段特异相关的少突胶质细胞前体对多种损伤因素高度敏感及早产儿体内缺乏保护机制有关,PVL早期多无明显临床表现,诊断依赖影像学诊断。头颅B超、MRI弥散成像、脑电图、近红外光谱测定有助于诊治。目前尚无有效治疗方法。     

巨大儿临床预测方法的局限性探讨

目的分析常用的几种巨大儿产前临床预测方法的应用价值。方法将2000年1月1日至2005年3月31日在北京大学第三医院妇产科进行产前检查并分娩巨大儿的273例孕妇临床资料与随机抽取的同期单胎分娩正常体重儿的135例孕妇临床资料作对比分析。采用统计学方法对临床常用巨大儿预测方法包括B超综合指标估算胎儿体重(estimated fetal weight,EFW)法、B超双指标估算法、胎儿双顶径(biparietal diameter,BPD)与股骨长(femur length,FL)之和]、B超单一指标估算法(胎儿腹围、股骨长)、临床宫高与腹围之和法以及经验性临床评估法进行评价。结果(1)巨大儿组与非巨大儿组孕妇年龄无统计学差异,但身高和终止妊娠孕周均有统计学意义[(163.0±5.47)cm和(160.0±4.7)cm;(39.7±1.2)周和(39.1±1.1)周,P<0.01]。(2)临床常用的巨大儿预测指标及不同界值的预测价值,EFW法灵敏度为38.1%,特异度为96.4%。B超双指标估算法(BPD+FL≥17 cm)灵敏度为54.0%,特异度为83.8%;当界值取16.5 cm时,灵敏度为88.8%,特异度为55.9%;B超双指标估算法的AC+FL≥42.5 cm时,灵敏度为90.8%,特异度为82.9%。B超单一指标法,以AC≥35 cm为界定值时其灵敏度为95.0%,特异度为71.0%;以38 cm为界定值时灵敏度为31.0%,特异度为99.1%。B超单一采用FL指标,以7.5 cm为界定值时灵敏度为49.8%和,特异度为82.0%。临床宫高与腹围之和法的界定值为≥140 cm时,其灵敏度为77.9%特异度为77.5%。经验性临床评估法灵敏度为46.3%特异度为96.6%。(3)各预测指标的ROC曲线下面积:EFW法0.906;B超双指标估算法中,BPD+FL之和0.795;AC+FL之和0.914;B超单一指标估算法中,AC 0.904,FL 0.752;临床宫高腹围之和0.862。(4)对于各个独立参数采用Logistic多因素回归分析,求得概率(P)方程及P的ROC曲线下面积为0.938。结论本研究显示了在某些病例中临床上预测巨大儿方面仍然有不可预测性。但各项指标单独应用时均有较大局限性至今尚无一种方法可以准确预测巨大儿。胎儿腹围与股骨长之和可能成为一个临床价值较好的预测指标。综合孕妇身高、终止孕周、胎儿腹围、宫高腹围和多参数分析可提高预测的准确性,降低漏诊率。     

应用宫内节育器的妇女沙眼衣原体感染与子宫内膜中铜含量的关系

目的:探讨女性生殖道沙眼衣原体(CT)感染与宫内节育器(IUD)种类及内膜中铜含量的关系。方法:用聚合酶链反应检测65例置含铜IUD及97例置不锈钢单环的妇女宫颈分泌物CT;对因症取出IUD的20例妇女,取器后刮取子宫内膜,用原子吸收分光光度法测子宫内膜铜含量。结果:放置含铜IUD者CT感染率(3.1%)明显低于置不锈钢单环者(12.3%),P<0.05;放置含铜IUD的妇女子宫内膜铜含量明显高于置不锈钢单环者(P<0.05)。结论:含铜IUD对生殖道CT感染有抑制作用。含铜IUD可能通过释放的铜离子来发挥抗CT作用。     

多疗程糖皮质激素治疗孕34周前早产临床分析

目的:评价多疗程糖皮质激素(GC)治疗孕34周前早产的作用。方法:回顾性分析华西第二医院收治的150例孕34周前早产分娩的临床资料,根据糖皮质激素治疗情况分为未治疗组(对照组)、不足1疗程组、1疗程组、2疗程组和3疗程组。结果:GC治疗组与对照组的新生儿出生体重和身长Z积分值差异无显著性(P>0.05);Logistic回归分析显示2疗程GC治疗可以减少新生儿5分钟窒息发生,但重复疗程GC治疗对新生儿RDS、脑室内出血、吸入性肺炎和婴幼儿死亡、远期并发症等无保护性作用。结论:孕34周前糖皮质激素治疗早产是有好处的,但重复疗程治疗的作用尚需进一步观察。     

儿童致死性病毒性脑病7例

目的探讨致死性病毒性脑病的临床和实验检查特点。方法回顾性分析7例致死性病毒性脑病患儿临床过程及预后,肝酶学、脑脊液常规改变,头颅CT改变。结果7例患儿均呈骤然高热、严重抽搐和迅速进入昏迷、肝酶显著升高。4例死亡,3例留有严重神经系统后遗症;血氨均正常;头颅CT均显示显著脑肿胀,可见对称性基底核低密度病变。结论高热、迅速发生抽搐和昏迷、肝功能损害的患儿,应警惕致死性病毒性脑病发生。