Comparison of serum specific IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins between atopic children with and without atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND: The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) exhibits a striking susceptibility to colonization and infection by Staphylococcus aureus. The exotoxins secreted by S. aureus can act as superantigens and classic allergens, inducing the production of functionally relevant specific IgE antibodies. The aim of this study was to compare the levels and positive rates of serum staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)- and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-specific IgE between atopic children with and without AD. METHODS: Sixty children with AD, 55 children with respiratory allergy without AD, and 24 nonatopic healthy children were studied. The levels and positive rates of serum SEA- and SEB-specific IgE were compared among three groups. The correlation between the levels or positive rates of serum SEA/SEB-specific IgE and the severity of AD or the presence of previous skin infections was studied. RESULTS: The children with AD had significantly higher levels and positive rates of serum SEA- and SEB-specific IgE than the atopic children without AD (P < 0.001) and the nonatopic children (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the levels and positive rates of serum SEA- and SEB-specific IgE between the atopic children without AD and the nonatopic children. With or without adjustment for the potential confounding effect of total serum IgE levels, the levels and positive rates of serum SEA- and SEB-specific IgE were significantly correlated with severity of AD (P <0.005), but they were not significantly different between AD children with and without previous skin infections. CONCLUSIONS: SEA and SEB may contribute to chronic inflammation and exacerbation of AD through the IgE-mediated immune response.     

Diagnosis and taxonomy of periodical psychosis

The concept and taxonomy of periodic psychosis still remains in controversy for the past 100 years. In China, it was first reported by Ji, and thereafter various rinds of terminology and views were given by different authors. In the presentation, clinical investigation and follow up were carried out in 62 cases. In many of these cases, the so-called "periodic psychosis" or "phasophrenia" was early clinical features of schizophrenia or manic-depression. In those cases with apparent symptoms and signs of diencephalic function, differential diagnosis should be carried out from organic brain syndrome. In a small number of cases, their clinical manifestations, conforming to previous diagnostic criteria, might be an uncommon syndrome. It was concluded by the authors that until now periodic could be considered only as a clinical syndrome rather than a disease entity.     

In vivo imaging of neuroblastomas using GD2-targeting graphene quantum dots

BackgroundPatients with neuroblastoma, a common childhood malignancy, often have poor prognosis. It is mandatory to develop an accurate and efficient diagnostic tool for neuroblastomas, so that the treatment can be started early. Graphene quantum dot (GQD), a nanomaterial, can be used to carry proteins, genetic materials, or drugs. GD2, a disialoganglioside, is a surface antigen expressed on neuroblastoma. This study investigated the in vivo targeting and imaging of neuroblastomas using GD2-targeting GQDs.MethodsGQDs were synthesized and conjugated with anti-GD2 antibody (anti-GD2/GQDs). In vitro cytotoxicity of GQDs and anti-GD2/GQDs was studied in human neuroblastoma cells by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)-based colorimetric assay. The tumor tracking and imaging of anti-GD2/GQDs in mice were investigated by in vivo imaging system (IVIS).ResultsTreatment with GQDs or anti-GD2/GQDs induced no or mild cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells. After co-incubation, GQDs and anti-GD2/GQDs were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of neuroblastoma cells, with GQDs showing a blue fluorescence and anti-GD2/GQDs an orange/red emission. The IVIS images demonstrated accumulation of the fluorescence of anti-GD2/GQDs in the subcutaneous tumors in mice 24 h after intravenous injection of anti-GD2/GQDs.ConclusionsAnti-GD2/GQDs may potentially be used for the targeting and imaging of neuroblastomas in vivo.     

Tourette syndrome associated with Page kidney

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - Page kidney is a rare condition leading to secondary hypertension and encountered most frequently due to traumatic subcapsular hematoma. Here, we present a...     

SC phocomelia syndrome, premature centromere separation, and congenital cranial nerve paralysis in two sisters, one with malignant melanoma

Two middle age sisters had most manifestations of the SC phocomelia syndrome including postnatal growth retardation, symmetric limb deficiencies with radial aplasia and absent thumbs, facial anomalies with microcephaly, microphthalmia, hypoplastic nasal alae, and borderline to mild mental retardation. Unusual findings included congenital paralysis of some cranial nerves in both patients and malignant melanoma in the proposita. Cultured lymphocytes from both patients, and skin fibroblasts, Epstein Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes, and tumor cells from the proposita demonstrated premature separation of centromeric heterochromatin (PCS) of many chromosomes, a finding noted previously in the SC phocomelia syndrome and the similar but more severe Roberts syndrome. Extensive overlap of the phenotypes of the sisters and 15 other patients with either syndrome and PCS confirms that these are either allelic conditions or the same disease--designated Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome. The role of PCS in the syndrome(s) remains uncertain since some patients with the characteristic clinical phenotypes are reported to lack it.     

Effect of dynamization on gap healing of diaphyseal fractures under external fixation

We asked whether dynamization of externally fixed diaphyseal fractures could improve bone healing in comparison to rigid fixation of fractures having similar remaining gap sizes. To answer this question we evaluated metatarsal osteotomies in 12 sheep. The osteotomy with a 0.6-mm gap was stabilized with a specially designed high bending and torsional stiffness external ring fixator. Osteotomies in six sheep were stabilized rigidly (axial movement < 0.06 mm) or dynamically (axial movement 0.15-0.34 mm). The cyclical axial interfragmentary movement was caused by the load-bearing of the operated limb. With increasing healing time, the initially allowed movement was decreased by callus formation around the osteotomy. The reduction in interfragmentary movement was measured and monitored by a linear variable displacement transducer at the external fixator and a telemetry system. After 9 weeks the sheep were sacrificed and the healed bones were investigated biomechanically and histomorphologically. Compared to the rigidly fixed osteotomies, the dynamized osteotomies showed significantly (P < 0.05) greater (+41%) callus formation and 45% greater tensile strength of the newly formed bone in the cortical osteotomy gap. Histological analysis indicated that the effect of dynamization occurred mainly after the 5th week. RELEVANCE: From these results we conclude that dynamic fixation of diaphyseal gaps is advantageous in comparison to stable external fixation.     

Differential regulation of EGF production, EGF receptor-binding, and cellular growth by sodium-butyrate in hep3b and plc/prf/5 human hepatoma-cells

Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cells express epidermal growth factor (ECF) mRNA and secret this polypeptide growth factor into the culture medium. The production of EGF was inhibited by sodium butyrate in a dose-dependent manner. EGF receptor numbers in both cell lines were increased after treatment with butyrate for 2 days, In addition, the binding affinity of EGF to its receptor was decreased in butyrate-treated PLC/PRF/5 cells while it did not change in Hep3B cells. EGF-stimulated cell growth in PLC/PRF/5 cells was attenuated by sodium butyrate whereas no significant inhibition df cell growth of Hep3B cells was found in the same condition. Our results suggest that EGF acts as an autocrine growth stimulator in human hepatoma cells and sodium butyrate can differentially regulate the responses of hepatoma cells to EGF by modulating the differentiation states of these cells.     

Rectal cancer mortality and total hardness levels in Taiwan's drinking water.

The possible association between the risk of rectal cancer and hardness levels in drinking water from municipal supplies was investigated in a matched case-control study in Taiwan. All eligible rectal cancer deaths (986 cases) of Taiwan residents from 1990 through 1994 were compared with deaths from other causes (986 controls), and the hardness levels of the drinking water used by these residents were determined. Data on water hardness throughout Taiwan were collected from Taiwan Water Supply Corporation (TWSC). The control group consisted of people who died from other causes and the controls were pair matched to the cases by sex, year of birth, and year of death. The results show a significant negative relationship between drinking water hardness and rectal cancer mortality. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were 1.24 (1.01-1. 55) and 1.38 (1.10-1.73), respectively, for exposure to moderately hard water and soft water compared with the use of hard water. Trend analyses showed an increasing odds ratio for rectal cancer with decreasing levels of hardness in drinking water. This is an important finding for the Taiwan water industry and human health.