网状软柳珊瑚化学成分研究

从南海网状软柳珊瑚中分离鉴定了9个化合物:胆甾醇(1)、ergostra-7,22diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(2)、cholesta7,22diene-3β,5α,6β-triol(3)、5,8-epidioxycampesta6,22-dien3-ol(4)、鲨肝醇(5)、咖啡碱(6)、胸腺嘧啶(7)、尿嘧啶(8)、鸟嘌呤(9),所有化合物均为首次从软柳珊瑚属中分离得到。     

槐白皮951对组织中TXB_2和6-Keto-PGF_1α的影响

用放射免疫技术对灌服槐白皮９５１大鼠的血管和肾组织内ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α的含量进行测定。结果表明，该药具有降低大鼠血管、肾组织内ＴＸＢ２及提高６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α的作用。由此分析，槐白皮９５１对心血管和血液系统疾病的防治将大有作为。     

血清中晚期糖基化终产物及其受体对妊娠期糖尿病围产儿结局的预测价值

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病孕妇(GDM)血清中晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)-晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)轴所介导的氧化应激反应与围产儿结局间的关系。方法选择2011年1月至12月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心产科检查,孕24～28周产前检查被诊断患有GDM的孕妇100例为研究对象(GDM组),另选择同期、相应年龄的正常妊娠妇女50例作为正常对照组。抽取两组孕妇的血样,测量空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和AGEs、可溶性RAGE(sRAGE)水平。分娩后收集胎盘,分析组织中RAGE蛋白的表达。并收集母婴临床信息,根据围产儿结局异常与否分为GDM正常围产儿结局组和GDM不良围产儿结局组。结果 GDM组治疗前孕妇血清AGEs水平(50.44±16.21)ng/L,明显高于正常对照组(32.69±10.13)ng/L(P<0.01)。GDM组经干预治疗后其空腹血糖和HbA1c水平与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但血清AGEs水平仍然高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。GDM组孕母血清AGEs与sRAGE水平呈负相关(r=-0.582,P<0.01)。GDM不良围产儿结局组孕妇血清AGEs水平(67.39±14.75)ng/L明显高于GDM正常围产儿结局组(41.59±12.26)ng/L(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示高AGEs水平是GDM不良围产儿结局的危险因子(OR=6.197,P<0.01,95%CI2.514～15.453);低sRAGE水平也是GDM不良围产儿结局的危险因子(OR=0.498,P<0.05,95%CI0.217～0.925)。GDM不良围产儿结局组(0.993±0.085)高于GDM正常围产儿结局组(0.611±0.047)和正常对照组(0.247±0.018)(P均<0.01)。结论血清高AGEs水平是GDM围产儿结局的一个不利因素,高AGEs水平可作为GDM不良围产儿结局的预测指标。血循环中sRAGE可通过竞争结合方式中和AGEs,抑制其下游信号的传递,血清低sRAGE水平可作为GDM病变中AGEs-RAGE轴过度活跃的生物标记。     

山东省447例精神药物严重不良反应报告分析

目的了解我院精神药物严重不良反应（ADR）发生的特点,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法收集我院2012年1月至2012年12月共447例精神药物严重不良反应报告,进行回顾性分析。结果非典型抗精神病药物以利培酮引起的不良反应最多见,抗抑郁药物以5-羟色胺抑制剂帕罗西汀引起的不良反应最多见,主要表现为白细胞减少、肝功能异常;心境稳定剂以碳酸锂引起的不良反应最多见,主要表现为震颤;镇静催眠药以地西泮引起的不良反应最多见,主要表现为药物中毒、呼吸抑制。结论应加强精神药物严重不良反应监测,确保临床安全、有效、合理的用药。     

抗病毒抗生素16704A的研究Ⅰ.产生菌的分类、发酵及活性成分的提取、分离与鉴别

在筛选抗病毒抗生素的过程中,从云南土壤分离出的一株链霉菌16704,其发酵液抗HSV-1病毒活性较强,我们对链霉菌16704产生菌的初步分类,发酵,活性成分的提取,分离和鉴别等进行了研究,通过大孔树脂吸附层析,有机溶剂提取,RP-8反相柱层析等方法分离得到16704A纯品,经过对化合物16704A理化性质的测定和对其UV、FAB-Mass、EI-Mass和1H-NMR谱的分析,将其鉴别为已知化合物Bafilomycin A1.     

水黄皮中黄酮类化合物的研究

从水黄皮中分离鉴定了7个黄酮类化合物:pongaflavone(1),karanjin(2),pongapin(3),pongachromene(4),3,7-二甲氧基-3′,4′-二氧亚甲基黄酮(5),millettocalyxin C(6),3,3′,4′,7-四甲氧基黄酮(7),其中millettocalyxin C为首次从水黄皮属植物中分离得到.     

Evaluation of the sub-acute toxicity of the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke), the Tiger Milk mushroom

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Lignosus rhinocerus (known locally as ‘Tiger Milk mushroom’) is the most important medicinal mushroom used by the indigenous communities of Malaysia to treat fever, cough, asthma, cancer, food poisoning and as a general tonic. The sclerotium of the mushroom is the part with medicinal value. Lignosus rhinocerus was hitherto unexploited commercially because of limited supply. Recently, the mushroom was successfully cultivated.

Materials and methods

Sprague Dawley rats (5 rats/group/sex) were fed orally with 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg TM02, 1000 mg/kg TM03 as well as 1000 mg/kg wild type Lignosus rhinocerus sclerotial powder. Sclerotial powder was orally administered once daily and consecutively for 28 days. Body weight of each animal was measured and any gross behavioral change was observed daily. Hematological and clinical biochemical parameters as well as histopathological analysis were carried out on 29th day.

Results

The results showed that oral administration of the sclerotial powder at daily dose of up to 1000 mg/kg had no adverse effect on the growth rate, hematological and clinical biochemical parameters (including renal and liver function parameters). Histological studies showed that the treatments did not induce any pathological changes in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lung of the animals.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our results show that there was no treatment-related sub-acute toxicity in rats following 28-days oral administration of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg TM02, 1000 mg/kg TM03 as well as 1000 mg/kg wild type Lignosus rhinocerus sclerotial powder. As the highest tested dose of 1000 mg/kg was not associated with any toxicity concern, the NOAEL dose is higher than 1000 mg/kg.     

超声引导下收肌管联合IPACK阻滞用于全膝关节置换术中的临床效果

目的 探讨在全膝关节置换术(TKA)应用超声引导下收肌管联合腘动脉与膝关节后囊间隙(IPACK)阻滞的镇痛效果.方法 选取2017年1月至2020年4月在安徽医科大学第三附属医院(合肥市第一人民医院)择期行TKA的患者80例(年龄54～85岁)为研究对象,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法,分为单纯收肌管阻滞组(S组...     

Assessing the Association between Important Dietary Habits and Osteoporosis: A Genetic Correlation and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Objective: Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common bone disease. The genetic and metabolic factors play important roles in OP development. However, the genetic basis of OP is still elusive. The study aimed to explore the relationships between OP and dietary habits. Methods: This study used large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the UK Biobank to explore potential associations between OP and 143 dietary habits. The GWAS summary data of OP included 9434 self-reported OP cases and 444,941 controls, and the GWAS summary data of the dietary habits included 455,146 participants of European ancestry. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was used to detect the genetic correlations between OP and each of the 143 dietary habits, followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to further assess the causal relationship between OP and candidate dietary habits identified by LDSC. Results: The LDSC analysis identified seven candidate dietary habits that showed genetic associations with OP including cereal type such as biscuit cereal (coefficient = −0.1693, p value = 0.0183), servings of raw vegetables per day (coefficient = 0.0837, p value = 0.0379), and spirits measured per month (coefficient = 0.115, p value = 0.0353). MR analysis found that OP and PC17 (butter) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.974, 95% confidence interval [CI] = (0.973, 0.976), p value = 0.000970), PC35 (decaffeinated coffee) (OR = 0.985, 95% CI = (0.983, 0.987), p value = 0.00126), PC36 (overall processed meat intake) (OR = 1.035, 95% CI = (1.033, 1.037), p value = 0.000976), PC39 (spirits measured per month) (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = (1.011, 1.015), p value = 0.00153), and servings of raw vegetables per day (OR = 0.978, 95% CI = (0.977, 0.979), p value = 0.000563) were clearly causal. Conclusions: Our findings provide new clues for understanding the genetic mechanisms of OP, which focus on the possible role of dietary habits in OP pathogenesis.     

Microstructure and Friction Properties of CoCrFeMnNiTix High-Entropy Alloy Coating by Laser Cladding

To enhance the friction and wear properties of 40Cr steel’s surface, CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings with various Ti contents were prepared using laser cladding. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the phase composition, microstructure, and chemical composition of the samples. The findings demonstrated that the CoCrFeMnNiTi_x HEA coatings formed a single FCC phase. Fe₂Ti, Ni₃Ti, and Co₂Ti intermetallic compounds were discovered in the coatings when the molar ratio of Ti content was greater than 0.5. The EDS findings indicated that Cr and Co/Ni/Ti were primarily enriched in the dendrite and interdendrite, respectively. Ti addition can effectively enhance the coating’s mechanical properties. The hardness test findings showed that when the molar ratio of Ti was 0.75, the coating’s microhardness was 511 HV0.5, which was 1.9 times the hardness of the 40Cr (256 HV0.5) substrate and 1.46 times the hardness of the CrCrFeMnNi HEA coating (348 HV0.5). The friction and wear findings demonstrated that the addition of Ti can substantially reduce the coating’s friction coefficient and wear rate. The coating’s wear resistance was the best when the molar ratio of Ti was 0.75, the friction coefficient was 0.296, and the wear amount was 0.001 g. SEM and 3D morphology test results demonstrated that the coating’s wear mechanism changed from adhesive wear and abrasive wear to fatigue wear and abrasive wear with the increase in Ti content.