急性白血病早期死亡高危因素的Logistic回归分析

为了解急性白血病（ＡＬ）早期死亡的高危因素，对近１０ａ上海地区２７家医院共３４７例ＡＬ住院患者早期死亡的高危因素进行了Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果表明：出血、感染和多脏器衰竭是ＡＬ死亡的主要原因。全反式维甲酸的应用降低了急性早幼粒细胞白血病早期病死率，早期死亡的高危因素为：年龄≥６０岁或≤１岁，发病时伴有出血，弥散性毛细血管内凝血，肝脏明显肿大，ＦＡＢ分类属于急性骨髓细胞白血病，外周血细胞＞１００×１０９／Ｌ，ＢＰＣ＜５０×１０９／Ｌ，伴发病发热和感染。提示：为了降低ＡＬ的早期病死率，必须针对上述高危因素采取相应防治措施     

^60Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放射治疗鼻咽癌疗效分析

目的　分析 6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放疗治疗鼻咽癌的疗效 ,局部控制率及放射并发症。方法 :回顾性分析 1989年 5月～ 1996年 3月采用 6 0 Co外照射加高剂量率腔内后装放疗鼻咽癌 30例。结果　本组病例总的近期局部控制率为 73.33% (2 2 / 30 ) ,无瘤生存率为 6 0 %转移11例 ,无一例发生晚期放射并发症。结论　腔内后装放疗鼻咽癌 ,可提高局部控制率 ,适应于鼻咽癌早期及鼻咽癌外照射后鼻咽腔内残留病灶。     

丹参注射液加强缺血预处理对大鼠心肌的保护作用

以整体麻醉SD大鼠心脏冠状动脉左前降支结扎／松开作为缺血／再灌注动物模型，研究丹参注射液（SM）在加强缺血须处理（IP）的心肌保护中的作用。结果显示，IP能减轻复灌性心律失常的严重程度，缩小心肌梗死范围；SM能缩小心肌梗死范围；SM联合IP与单纯IP比较，心肌梗死范围进一步缩小；SM联合IP与单纯SM比较，心律失常严重程度减弱且心肌梗死面积进一步减小。结果表明，SM能加强IP的心肌保护作用，特别是加强IP的抗心肌梗死作用。     

中西医结合治疗慢性盆腔炎50例观察

目的:观察西医、中医及中西医结合治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效。方法:将150例慢性盆腔炎患者分为西医、中医及中西医结合组,每组50例。西医组口服氧氟沙星和替硝唑加盆腔注射,中医组口服中药加中药保留灌肠,中西医结合组同时用中药和西药治法,3组均配合微波理疗。结果:西医组总有效率64%,中医组总有效率78%,中西医结合组总有效率98%,3组间比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:中西医结合治疗慢性盆腔炎疗效确切。     

清痤汤联合维胺酯治疗女性青春期后痤疮临床研究

目的:观察清痤汤联合维胺酯治疗女性青春期后寻常痤疮的临床疗效及对患者性激素水平的影响。方法:将58例患者随机分为治疗组32例和对照组26例,治疗组用清痤汤结合维胺酯治疗,对照组仅用维胺酯治疗,治疗后比较两组的临床疗效及血清T、E2水平变化。结果:治疗组临床有效率为93·75%,对照组为73·08%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组患者血清E2水平升高,与治疗前有显著性差异(P<0.05),而血清T水平与治疗前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:清痤汤联合维胺酯治疗女性青春期后寻常痤疮疗效显著,清痤汤对患者血清E2水平有调节作用。     

注射用头孢拉定与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的配伍稳定性考察

目的:考察注射用头孢拉定与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的配伍稳定性。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,以Nova-pakC18为色谱柱,甲醇-水(35∶65)为流动相,240nm为检测波长,测定注射用头孢拉定与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后在室温下8h内的含量变化,并观察和检测配伍液的外观及pH值变化。结果:配伍液外观、pH值及含量均无明显变化。结论:注射用头孢拉定与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后在室温下8h内可使用。     

浅析我国的食品安全形势

近年来,国家加大了对食品安全的监督管理力度,调整和强化了各政府行政部门职能,建立了比较完善的食品安全法律法规及标准体系,食品卫生质量合格率不断提高,食源性疾病逐步下降,食品生产经营企业法制意识增强,消费者自我保护意识和法律意识增强。以上表明,目前我国的食品安全形势还是比较乐观的,但仍存在一些危险因素:随着社会的进一步发展,食品生产、加工的技术不断进步,新的食品安全问题不断出现;不法商贩制假售假行为猖獗;有些媒体恶意炒作,误导民众,引起市民对食品安全产生一些不必要的担忧或恐慌。笔者认为,通过贯彻落实《食品卫生法》、《国务院关于进一步加强食品安全工作的决定》、《食品安全行动计划》等,在不久的将来,我国将建立更完善的食品安全法律法规和标准体系、食品污染监测和信息体系、食源性疾病的预警和控制体系、卫生监督体系和技术支撑体系,加强食品生产经营企业的自身管理,使我国的食品安全水平达到更理想的状况。     

Smoking practices in New York City: The use of a population-based survey to guide policy-making and programming

To inform New York City’s (NYC’s) tobacco control program, we identified the neighborhoods with the highest smoking rates, estimated the burden of second-band smoke exposure, assessed the early response to state taxation, and examined cessation practices. We used a stratified random design to conduct a digit-dialed telephone survey in 2002 among 9,674 New York City adults. Our main outcome measures included prevalence of cigarette smoking, exposure to second-hand smoke, the response of smokers to state tax increases, and cessation practices. Even after controlling for sociodemographic factors (age, racelethnicity, income, education, marital status, employment status, and foreign-born status) smoking rates were highest in Central Harlem and in the South Bronx. Sixteen percent of nonsmokers reported frequent exposure to second-hand smoke at home or in a workplace. Among smokers with a child with asthma, only 33% reported having a no-smoking policy in their homes. More than one fifth of smokers reported reducing the number of cigarettes they smoked in response to the state tax increase. Of current smokers who tried to quit, 65% used no cessation aid. These data were used to inform New York City’s smoke-free legislation, taxation, public education, and a free nicotine patch give-away program. In conclusion, large, local surveys can provide essential data to effectively advocate for, plan, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive tobacco control program. Dr. Mostashari (the guarantor) made substantial contributions to the conception, design, and supervision of this paper, the analysis and interpretation of data, the drafting of the paper, critical revisions of the paper for important intellectual content, and the acquisition of data and funding for this research. Dr. Kerker made substantial contributions to the analysis and interpretation of data, the drafting of the paper and critical revisions of the paper for important intellectual content. Ms. Hajat made substantial contributions to the acquisition of data and critical revisions of the paper for important intellectual content. Dr. Miller made substantial contributions to the conception of this paper and critical revisions of the paper for important intellectual content. Dr. Frieden made substantial contributions to the conception, design, and supervision of this paper and critical revisions of the paper for important intellectual content.     

Male Rape,Some Notes on the Laboratory Investigation

The incidence of sexual assault continues to escalate, and it is under-reported. Recent literature discusses the medical, legal, and psychological management of the female sexual assault victim, but little has been written regarding appropriate management of male sexual assault. This article focuses on the laboratory investigation in male rape case.     

The Effects of the Going Places Program on Early Adolescent Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior

This study evaluated the effects of a school-based intervention on growth trajectories of smoking, drinking, and antisocial behavior among early adolescents. Seven middle schools were randomized to intervention or comparison conditions and students in two successive cohorts (n = 1484) provided five waves of data from sixth to ninth grade. The Going Places Program, included classroom curricula, parent education, and school environment components. Latent growth curve analyses demonstrated significant treatment group effects, including reducing increases in friends who smoke, outcome expectations for smoking, and smoking progression, but had non-significant effects on drinking or antisocial behavior. The Going Places Program was effective in preventing increases in smoking progression, but its efficacy as a more cross-cutting problem behavior preventive intervention was not confirmed.