Analysis of Vitamin C and Fe Nutritional Level of Students in A Teacher Training College

为了解师范学院大学生维生素C及铁的营养状况 ,采用称重法与询问法相结合进行调查和测定。结果显示大学生膳食结构不合理 ,维生素C摄入量偏低 ,占推荐摄入量 (RNI) 5 4.6 0 %,铁的摄入量男性占适宜摄入量 (AI)的 32 .2 7%,女性占AI的 141.2 5 %,但大部分为非血红素铁。 4h负荷尿试验维生素C不足率达48.6 5 %,血清铁不足率为 2 0 .2 7%。维生素C正常组与不足组血清铁含量及铁不足率均有显著性差异 (t=3 .92 ,P <0 .0 1,X2 =7.2 1,P <0 .0 1)。维生素C水平与血清铁含量呈显著性正相关 (r=0 .382 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。说明该校大学生膳食中动物性食品及蔬菜水果类食品摄入量偏低 ,维生素C及铁营养状况不良 ,应注意增加这类食品的摄入量。     

老年结肠癌术后切口裂开15例临床分析

目的探讨老年结肠癌患者术后切口裂开的原因及处理方法。方法回顾性分析15例60岁以上结肠癌术后切口裂开病例的临床资料。结果结肠癌术后切口裂开有主观和客观的原因,所有病例经再次缝合等处理后无一例再裂开。结论结肠癌术后切口裂开是常见的并发症之一,应注意缝合技术,避免危险因素和加强对危险因素的围手术期处理。     

采用通用引物PCR与机器码识别技术快速鉴定血液感染病原菌

目的 建立一种快速检测血液感染病原菌的方法.方法 选取7种常见血液感染病原菌,在其16S rRNA末端和23S rRNA始端的保守区设计通用引物,对16S-23S rRNA基因间区进行扩增,然后将PCR产物的电泳图谱进行机器码识别,以鉴定病原菌.结果 通用引物能扩增出7种病原菌,且每种菌具有不同片段长度(bp):大肠埃希菌(716、808),金黄色葡萄球菌(732、827),铜绿假单胞菌(833),表皮葡萄球菌(630、722、817),肺炎链球菌(606),肺炎克雷伯菌(550、705、797),粪肠球菌(591、693);此图谱可经机器码识别,对各种病原菌进行快速鉴定.结论 采用通用引物PCR和机器码识别技术可简便、快速、特异地鉴定常见血液感染病原菌.     

Evaluation of seasonal variations in abundance of BTXE hydrocarbons and their ozone forming potential in ambient urban atmosphere of Dehradun (India)

In Dehradun, ambient volatile organic compounds (VOC) samples were collected for three seasons viz. summer, winter and monsoon (during period 2012–2013) to investigate seasonal variations at five different sampling sites. The samples were quantified for aromatic VOCs by gas chromatography (GC-FID) to monitor benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. BTXE comprise an important group of VOCs mostly prevalent in a typical urban environment. They were monitored because they are known to cause impacts on climate, health and on vegetation. Toluene was found to be the most abundant VOC among the measured ones in the atmosphere of Dehradun. The maximum mean concentration of VOCs was observed in winters and lowest during summers for BE species. Toluene ambient concentration was rather found to register highest during winters and lowest in monsoons. Kruskal–Wallis test showed statistically significant differences seasonally (p?<?0.05). High toluene to benzene T/B (>1) observed ratio indicates vehicular emission as their major source. BTEX were also evaluated for their ozone-forming potential (OFP). Toluene and xylenes were found as the highest contributing hydrocarbons towards ozone forming potential among BTXE.     

应用表面等离子体共振生物传感器快速检测厌氧菌的研究

目的建立基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感器的核酸检测技术,为实时、在线检测微生物奠定技术基础。方法应用SPR生物传感器实时在线分析系统,在传感器表面固定探针分子,对溶液中的靶序列进行杂交检测,研究该检测方法的灵敏度、特异性及可重复性等。结果试验中建立的核酸检测方法能够实现对靶序列的实时检测,检测下限达4×102CFU/ml。结论该试验建立的核酸检测方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、可重复性好等优点,SPR传感器技术在核酸杂交检测工作中有着广阔的应用前景。     

第3天移植的胚胎培养液sHLA-G表达与妊娠率和种植率的关系

目的:通过对第3天移植的胚胎培养液sHLA-G的定性分析,了解其与妊娠率和种植率的关系。方法:采用双抗体夹心ELISA,检测胚胎培养液sHLA-G的表达情况。结果:IVF组,98例,移植胚胎204个。A组(sHLA-G阳性):妊娠率67.3%(35/52),着床率38.9%(42/108);B组(sHLA-G阴性):妊娠率8.7%(4/46),着床率6.2%(6/96)。两者比较,有统计学差异(P<0.0001)。其中A组中又分3组,~30岁,妊娠率70.8%(17/24),着床率41.7%(20/48);30~35岁,妊娠率63.6%(14/22),着床率34%(16/47);35~38岁,妊娠率66.7%(4/6),着床率46.2%(6/13),3组比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。ICSI组:41例,移植胚胎85个。A组:妊娠率72.2%(13/18),着床率41.7%(15/36);B组:妊娠率13%(3/23),着床率6.1%(3/49),两者比较,有统计学差异(P<0.0001)。结论:第3天移植的胚胎培养液中sHLA-G的表达与妊娠率和着床率正相关。     

Trends in dietary fiber intake in Japan over the last century

Summary. Background: Insufficient intake of dietary fiber (DF) is currently a major problem in the overall promotion of health in the general population in Japan. Aim of the study: To analyze the time trends in DF intake, including DF density (total DF intake/1,000 kcal), and the ratio of water-insoluble fiber to water-soluble fiber (IS ratio) in Japan. Methods: The time trend in DF intake in Japan was calculated from data compiled in the Japanese National Nutrition Survey. Results: The mean daily DF intake (total DF intake) in 1952 was 20.5 g/day, which rapidly declined to about 70 % of the 1952 level in 1970, after which there was little change to 1998. DF density in 1952 was 9.7 g/1000 kcal, which declined by about 30 % in 1970, and remained at about the same level to 1998. The IS ratio has remained stable over this period. Whereas total DF intake and DF density in Japan are similar to those in Western countries, the IS ratios are higher in Japan. Therefore, the higher incidence of, and mortality from, colon diverticulosis, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, etc., which are all thought to be related to fiber deficiency, in Western countries compared to Japan might be due to the differences in the IS ratio. Conclusions: A decline in total DF intake and DF density is predicted for Japan in the future, because these parameters were lower among the younger generation. This may be due to the marked changes in the dietary habits of the younger generation, and is a problematic trend for Japanese health. Received: 26 April 2002, Accepted: 22 August 2002 Correspondence to: Shigeyuki Nakaji, MD, PhD     

Dietary intake of total polyphenol and polyphenol classes and the risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Polyphenols may play a chemopreventive role in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, epidemiological evidence supporting a role for intake of individual polyphenol classes, other than flavonoids is insufficient. We evaluated the association between dietary intakes of total and individual classes and subclasses of polyphenols and CRC risk and its main subsites, colon and rectum, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The cohort included 476,160 men and women from 10 European countries. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, there were 5991 incident CRC cases, of which 3897 were in the colon and 2094 were in the rectum. Polyphenol intake was estimated using validated centre/country specific dietary questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models, a doubling in total dietary polyphenol intake was not associated with CRC risk in women (HR_log2?=?1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.14) or in men (HR_log2?=?0.97, 95% CI 0.90–1.05), respectively. Phenolic acid intake, highly correlated with coffee consumption, was inversely associated with colon cancer in men (HR_log2?=?0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.97) and positively associated with rectal cancer in women (HR_log2?=?1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19); although associations did not exceed the Bonferroni threshold for significance. Intake of other polyphenol classes was not related to colorectal, colon or rectal cancer risks. Our study suggests a possible inverse association between phenolic acid intake and colon cancer risk in men and positive with rectal cancer risk in women.     

How Many Imputations are Really Needed? Some Practical Clarifications of Multiple Imputation Theory

Multiple imputation (MI) and full information maximum likelihood (FIML) are the two most common approaches to missing data analysis. In theory, MI and FIML are equivalent when identical models are tested using the same variables, and when m, the number of imputations performed with MI, approaches infinity. However, it is important to know how many imputations are necessary before MI and FIML are sufficiently equivalent in ways that are important to prevention scientists. MI theory suggests that small values of m, even on the order of three to five imputations, yield excellent results. Previous guidelines for sufficient m are based on relative efficiency, which involves the fraction of missing information (γ) for the parameter being estimated, and m. In the present study, we used a Monte Carlo simulation to test MI models across several scenarios in which γ and m were varied. Standard errors and p-values for the regression coefficient of interest varied as a function of m, but not at the same rate as relative efficiency. Most importantly, statistical power for small effect sizes diminished as m became smaller, and the rate of this power falloff was much greater than predicted by changes in relative efficiency. Based our findings, we recommend that researchers using MI should perform many more imputations than previously considered sufficient. These recommendations are based on γ, and take into consideration one’s tolerance for a preventable power falloff (compared to FIML) due to using too few imputations.     

中老年人群脊椎骨折患病危险因素研究

目的 了解中国中老年人群脊椎骨折患病危险因素，为脊椎骨折的预防和治疗提供依据。方法 采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法对中国五大行政区5103例50岁以上男女人群进行胸腰椎侧位平片，骨密度测量和问卷调查，对140余个变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析，得出各危险因素的比数比值（Odds Ratio,OR)。结果 筛选出19个影响我国部分地区脊椎骨折患病因素，其中，年龄因素（OR＝1．03－1．07）为男女共同危险因素；服用钙剂（OR＝0．62－0．80）和骨密度高（OR＝0．00－0．15）为男女共同的保护性因素。脑血管病，喜吃咸食物等危险因素和住房朝阳，常吃面类，常吃鱼类，走路速度快等保护性因素在男性中出现；长期卧床危险因素和年轻时高（cm)，服维生素D，服女性激素，右手握力大（公斤）保护性因素在女性中出现。结论 我国中老年人男女脊椎骨折患病危险因素中有共同的暴露因素，同时，男女之间的主要危险因素及暴露水平又有一定差异。