二肽基肽酶Ⅲ在正常大鼠眼球中的免疫表达

目的 探讨二肽基肽酶Ⅲ(dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅲ,DPP Ⅲ)在正常大鼠眼球各组织中的免疫表达.方法 选取正常的两性Wistar大鼠,应用抗生物素蛋白-生物素-过氧化物酶复合体法检测DPP Ⅲ在正常大鼠眼球各组织中的免疫表达.结果 DPP Ⅲ在角膜上皮细胞、角膜内皮细胞、睫状体无色素上皮细胞、虹膜色素上皮细胞、晶状体上皮细胞、晶状体纤维细胞、视网膜神经纤维层、视网膜神经节细胞、视网膜外丛状层、视网膜色素上皮细胞中免疫组织化学染色均呈阳性.结论 DPP Ⅲ主要存在于Wistar大鼠眼球的角膜上皮细胞、角膜内皮细胞、睫状体无色素上皮细胞、虹膜色素上皮细胞、晶状体上皮细胞、晶状体纤维细胞、视网膜神经纤维层、神经节细胞、视网膜外丛状层、视网膜色素上皮细胞.     

兔血管内皮细胞对角膜后弹力层代谢的影响

目的:检测移植后生长于角膜内皮面的自体血管内皮细胞对角膜后弹力层代谢的影响.方法:家兔26只随机分成3组:实验组10只,将培养的自体血管内皮细胞移植到无后弹力层的角膜内皮面;实验对照组10只,移植无角膜内皮层的自体植片;空白对照组6只,移植带角膜内皮细胞的自体植片,术后观察3组角膜植片的水肿变化.术后15d,取下各组角膜植片做病理切片HE染色观察各组植片的角膜后弹力层变化及其上的细胞分布情况.结果:实验组角膜植片的内皮面长满培养的自体血管内皮细胞.病理切片显示,生长的细胞呈单层分布,内皮面未见明显的后弹力膜样物质形成;实验对照组角膜植片高度增厚,内皮面无细胞生长和后弹力膜样物质形成;空白对照组角膜植片内皮面可见明显的后弹力层,其上可见单层细胞分布.结论:血管内皮细胞具有一定的角膜内皮细胞样功能,但不能产生角膜后弹力层样物质.     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗高度近视性脉络膜新生血管

目的通过分析经瞳孔温热疗法（TTT）治疗高度近视性脉络膜新生血管（CNV）的临床特点和不同影像学表现,以评估TTT疗法对治疗高度近视性CNV的安全性的适应范围。方法荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）确诊的高度近视性CNV患者24例（25只眼）,采用810nm半导体激光治疗。其中典型性CNV者17只眼,隐匿性CNV者6只眼,混合性（微小典型性）CNV者2只眼。按CNV发病部位分为旁中心凹（中心凹外200～500μm）CNV者10只眼,黄斑区（中心凹50μm外血管弓内）CNV者15只眼。治疗后1个月开始随访,治疗次数1～3次,随访时间6～22个月不等,平均9.6个月,随访时检查视力及眼底,并通过光相干断层扫描（OCT）和FFA观察眼底出血和渗出吸收的情况以及CNV的闭合情况。结果同治疗前相比,末次随访时视力不变或提高的患眼为65%,视力较治疗前减退的患眼为35%。TTT治疗后1、3个月和末次随访时,OCT观察的黄斑区渗液较治疗前减少者分别占44%、52%、50%。治疗前、治疗后3个月、末次随访时,黄斑体积分别为（6.88±0.21）mm3、（6.81±0.27）mm3、（6.73±0.29）mm3,但统计学分析无显著差异。末次随访时CNV的FFA检查显示在隐匿性、典型性和微小典型性CNV闭合率分别为100%、56.25%和100%,仅4只眼荧光渗漏增加,均为典型性。结论TTT治疗高度近性视脉络膜CNV有良好的安全性和较好疗效。对隐匿性CNV的疗效可能优于典型性和微小典型性。     

Association of Gut Microbiota Enterotypes with Blood Trace Elements in Women with Infertility

Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy within 12 months of unprotected intercourse in women. Trace elements, a kind of micronutrient that is very important to female reproductive function, are affected by intestinal absorption, which is regulated by gut microbiota. Enterotype is the classification of an intestinal microbiome based on its characteristics. Whether or not Prevotella-enterotype and Bacteroides-enterotype are associated with blood trace elements among infertile women remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the relationship between five main whole blood trace elements and these two enterotypes in women with infertility. This retrospective cross-sectional study recruited 651 Chinese women. Whole blood copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron levels were measured. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed on all fecal samples. Patients were categorized according to whole blood trace elements (low levels group, <5th percentile; normal levels group, 5th‒95th percentile; high levels group, >95th percentile). There were no significant differences in trace elements between the two enterotypes within the control population, while in infertile participants, copper (P = 0.033), zinc (P < 0.001), magnesium (P < 0.001), and iron (P < 0.001) in Prevotella-enterotype was significantly lower than in Bacteroides-enterotype. The Chi-square test showed that only the iron group had a significant difference in the two enterotypes (P = 0.001). Among infertile patients, Prevotella-enterotype (Log(P/B) > −0.27) predicted the low levels of whole blood iron in the obesity population (AUC = 0.894; P = 0.042). For the high levels of iron, Bacteroides-enterotype (Log(P/B) <−2.76) had a predictive power in the lean/normal group (AUC = 0.648; P = 0.041) and Log(P/B) <−3.99 in the overweight group (AUC = 0.863; P = 0.013). We can infer that these two enterotypes may have an effect on the iron metabolism in patients with infertility, highlighting the importance of further research into the interaction between enterotypes and trace elements in reproductive function.     

Bicarbonate versus citrate in oral rehydration therapy in infants with watery diarrhea: a controlled clinical trial

In a double-blind, randomized trial, we compared the efficacy of bicarbonate-containing oral rehydration solution vs citrate-containing solution in the treatment of infantile diarrheal dehydration and acidosis. Ninety-seven infants 3 to 24 months of age were entered in the study; 49 received bicarbonate-containing solution and 48 citrate-containing solution. The two groups were similar in all respects at the beginning of the study. Oral rehydration was successful (i.e., no intravenously administered fluids were required) in 85% of study patients; the success rate was similar in both treatment groups. Serum total CO2 concentration increased in a similar fashion in both groups, reaching near normal values at 48 hours after admission. We conclude that sodium citrate can be substituted for sodium bicarbonate in the formulation of the orally administered rehydration solution recommended by the World Health Organization for treatment of diarrheal dehydration in infants.     

Cornuside Is a Potential Agent against Alzheimer’s Disease via Orchestration of Reactive Astrocytes

Cornuside is an iridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis, with the activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroprotection. In the present research, a triple-transgenic mice model of AD (3 × Tg-AD) was used to explore the beneficial actions and potential mechanism of cornuside on the memory deficits. We found that cornuside prominently alleviated neuronal injuries, reduced amyloid plaque pathology, inhibited Tau phosphorylation, and repaired synaptic damage. Additionally, cornuside lowered the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO), lowered the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Cornuside also significantly reduced the activation of astrocytes and modulated A1/A2 phenotypes by the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. We further confirmed that LY294002 and Nrf2 silencing could block the cornuside-mediated phenotypic switch of C6 cells induced by microglia conditioned medium (MCM) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which indicated that the effects of cornuside in astrocyte activation are dependent on AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, cornuside may regulate the phenotypic conversion of astrocytes, inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improve synaptic plasticity, and alleviate cognitive impairment in mice through the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB axis. Our present work provides an experimental foundation for further research and development of cornuside as a candidate drug for AD management.     

Lung contusion after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for pancreatic stones: A case report

Background:Pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (P-ESWL) is recommended as the first-line treatment for large pancreatic stones. While complications such as post-P-ESWL pancreatitis, bleeding, infection, steinstrasse, and perforation have been reported in the past 30 years, lung contusion has never been reported. The present case demonstrates lung contusion as a complication after P-ESWL.Methods:A 48-year-old man was admitted to our department due to painful chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct stones. Computed tomography revealed normal lungs. P-ESWL was performed. The shock wave head contacted with right upper quadrant and the path of shock wave was at a 45° angle to the ventral midline. After P-ESWL, multiple patchy high-density shadows in the lower lobe of right lung were found, which was normal before P-ESWL. The patient had no symptoms of lung injury.Results and Conclusion:Laboratory studies revealed elevated D-dimer from 0.33 to 0.74 ug/mL, which was consistent with abnormal clotting of lung contusion. Chest computed tomography showed slight pleural effusion. Considering the interval between 2 X-rays was only 3 hours, we inferred that lung contusion was related to P-ESWL. The patient displayed stable vital signs, therefore, no specific interventions were conducted. Three days after P-ESWL, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed and the lung shadows were partially absorbed. Considering the location of shock wave head, it was possible to cause lung contusion in lower lobe of right lung. More than 10,000 P-ESWL therapeutic sessions had been performed in our center since 2010, and it is the first case about lung contusion as a complication. It is also the first report to describe lung contusion after P-ESWL. Although the patient was asymptomatic, it should raise awareness of clinicians.     

聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的临床研究

目的:观察聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的疗效。方法:将符合入选标准的94例患者随机分两组,治疗组清洁局部后将聚维酮碘乳膏涂敷于患处,bid。对照组予派瑞松霜按照药品说明书使用。两组均疗程3周。对痊愈者随访半年。结果:临床治愈率治疗组64.44%,两组比较U=2.883,P<0.01;有效率治疗组93.33%,两组比较X2=7.866,P<0.01;真菌清除率治疗组94.77%,两组比较X2=0.679,P=0.372;不良反应率治疗组4.44%,两组比较X2=4.0226,P=0.0432;随访半年痊愈者复发率治疗组6.89%(2/29),两组比较X2=3.9455,P=0.0421。结论:聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣安全有效。     

直立性高血压儿童卧位、立位心电图T波和ST段振幅变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨直立性高血压（OHT）儿童卧位与立位心电图T波和ST段振幅变化及其临床意义。方法 选取确诊为OHT患儿49例为OHT组，同期按年龄与性别匹配43例健康儿童为对照组。测量两组卧位与立位12导联心电图心率、各导联T波和ST段振幅，比较同组卧位和立位T波振幅、ST段振幅，并比较两组卧位、立位T波振幅差和ST段振幅差。结果 对照组aVR、V₁、V₄~V₆导联T波振幅立位较卧位降低（P < 0.05），V₄、V₅导联ST段振幅立位较卧位增加（P < 0.05）。OHT组Ⅱ、aVR、aVF、V₄~V₆导联T波振幅立位较卧位降低（P < 0.05），Ⅱ导联ST段振幅立位较卧位增加（P < 0.05）。OHT组Ⅱ、V₆导联立位、卧位T波振幅差较对照组增大（均P < 0.05）。V₆导联卧位、立位T波振幅差对OHT有诊断价值（P < 0.05），V₆导联T波振幅差最佳截断值为0.105 mV，灵敏度为72.10%，特异度为57.10%。结论 V₆导联卧位、立位T波振幅差对OHT儿童具有一定的诊断价值。     

硫酸氢氯吡格雷对非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者血清hs-CRP及sCD40L的影响

目的 观察硫酸氢氯吡格雷(波立维,Plavix)对非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(NSTE-ACS)患者血清高敏C反应蛋白( hs-CRP)及可溶性CD40配体(sCD40L)的影响.方法 将40例NSTE-ACS患者随机分为两组:常规治疗组20例和氢氯吡格雷治疗组20例(在常规治疗基础上加用氢氯吡格雷,首次顿服300 mg,次日起75 mg/d,连服14d).采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定全部患者治疗前、后血清hs-CRP及sCD40L浓度.结果两组患者治疗后,血清hs-CRP、sCD40L浓度均较治疗前显著降低(P＜ 0.05 );氢氯吡格雷治疗组治疗前、后血清hs-CRP、sCD40L降低程度较常规治疗组更为显著(P＜0.05).结论 NSTE-ACS患者在常规治疗基础上加用氢氯吡格雷能明显降低血清hs-CRP、sCD40L浓度,有效减轻动脉粥样硬化炎症反应,降低动脉粥样斑块不稳定性.