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101.
Long‐term safety of adalimumab in clinical trials in adult patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis 下载免费PDF全文
102.
Sofosbuvir and velpatasvir with or without voxilaprevir in direct‐acting antiviral‐naïve chronic hepatitis C: patient‐reported outcomes from POLARIS 2 and 3 下载免费PDF全文
103.
104.
Serum pepsinogen 1 and anti‐Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies as predictors of gastric cancer risk in Finnish males 下载免费PDF全文
105.
Randomised clinical study: the effects of oral taurine 6g/day vs placebo on portal hypertension 下载免费PDF全文
106.
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Sacubitril/Valsartan for the Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in the United States 下载免费PDF全文
107.
Luis Alfonso Ortíz-Reyes Lilia Castillo-Martínez Arianne Itzel Lupián-Angulo Daniel Dante Yeh Héctor Isaac Rocha-González Aurora Elizabeth Serralde-Zúñiga 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(1):52-61
Background
Unintentional underfeeding is common in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN), and is associated with increased risk of malnutrition complications. Protocols for EN in critically ill patients have been shown to enhance adequacy, resulting in better clinical outcomes; however, outside of intensive care unit (ICU) settings, the influence of a protocol for EN is unknown.Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of implementing an EN protocol in a noncritical setting.Design
Randomized controlled clinical trial.Participants and settings
This trial was conducted from 2014 to 2016 in 90 adult hospitalized patients (non-ICU) receiving exclusively EN. Patients with carcinomatosis, ICU admission, or <72 hours of EN were excluded.Intervention
The intervention group received EN according to a protocol, whereas the control group was fed according to standard practice.Main outcome measures
The proportion of patients receiving ≥80% of their caloric target at Day 4 after EN initiation.Statistical analyses performed
Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for continuous variables and the difference between the groups in the time to receipt of the optimal amount of nutrition was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves.Results
Forty-five patients were randomized to each group. At Day 4 after EN initiation, 61% of patients in the intervention arm had achieved the primary end point compared with 23% in the control group (P=0.001). In malnourished patients, 63% achieved the primary end point in the intervention group compared with 16% in the control group (P=0.003). The cumulative deficit on Day 4 was lower in the intervention arm compared with the control arm: 2,507 kcal (interquartile range [IQR]=1,262 to 2,908 kcal) vs 3,844 kcal (IQR=2,620 to 4,808 kcal) (P<0.001) and 116 g (IQR=69 to 151 g) vs 191 g (IQR=147 to 244 g) protein (P<0.001), respectively. The rates of gastrointestinal complications were not significantly different between groups.Conclusions
Implementation of an EN protocol outside the ICU significantly improved the delivery of calories and protein when compared with current standard practice without increasing gastrointestinal complications. 相似文献108.
Joseph J. Knapik Krista G. Austin Emily K. Farina Harris R. Lieberman 《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2018,118(8):1370-1388
Background
Dietary supplement (DS) use is prevalent among the US Armed Forces personnel, but representative cross-service comparisons and characteristics of personnel using DSs are limited.Objective
Examine DS use and characteristics associated with use in a representative sample of US Armed Forces personnel (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard) using data from the 2011 Department of Defense Survey of Health-Related Behaviors.Design and participants
A stratified random sample of service members (SMs) was contacted and asked to complete a questionnaire assessing personal characteristics and DS use.Results
Overall, 69% of the 39,877 SMs reported using DSs ≥1 time per week. The most commonly used DSs were multivitamin or multiminerals (50%), antioxidants (34%), individual vitamins or minerals (33%), bodybuilding supplements (27%), fish oils (26%), herbals (16%), and weight-loss supplements (16%). Multiple logistic regression indicated overall DS use was higher among women, those with higher educational levels, Marine Corps SMs, officers, those with higher body mass index, those engaged in greater physical activity and weight training, and people in weight control programs. DS use was lower when peer groups or leadership discouraged substance abuse.Conclusions
DS use was considerably higher in the US Armed Forces compared with civilian populations, although many demographic and lifestyle factors associated with use were similar. Some categories of DSs extensively used by SMs such as bodybuilding supplements have been associated with adverse events. Discouraging substance abuse through peer groups and leadership actions may reduce use of unnecessary or dangerous DSs. 相似文献109.
110.
Tereza Zelenková Maria Julia Mora Antonello A. Barresi Gladys Ester Granero Davide Fissore 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2018,107(4):1157-1166
This work is focused on the synthesis of polycaprolactone nanoparticles, coated with chitosan, in a confined impinging jet reactor using the solvent displacement method. The role of the various reacting species was investigated, evidencing that a biocompatible polymer, for example, polycaprolactone, is required to support chitosan to obtain a monomodal particle size distribution, with low particle diameters. A surfactant is required to reduce the nanoparticle size (down to a mean diameter of about 260 nm) and obtain a positive zeta potential (about +31 mV), perfectly suitable for pharmaceutical applications. Different surfactants were tested, and Poloxamer 388 appeared to be preferable to polyvinyl alcohol. The effect of the concentration of Poloxamer 388 (in the range 0.5-5 mg mL?1) and of chitosan (in the range 1.5-5 mg mL?1) on both the mean particle size and zeta potential was also investigated, evidencing that chitosan concentration has the strongest effect on both parameters. Finally, the effect of solvent evaporation, quenching and feed flow rate was investigated, showing that the evaporation stage does not affect particle characteristics, quenching is required to avoid particle aggregation, and a minimum liquid flow rate of 80 mL min?1 is required in the considered reactor to minimize the particle size. 相似文献