新疆和田老人血管紧张素转换酶基因插入/缺失多态性与长寿的关系

目的 研究血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性与新疆和田长寿地区维吾尔族老人长寿、寿命间关系。方法 长寿组(n=37),高龄组(n=40),老年组(n=41)均用聚合酶链反应法(PCR)扩增ACE基因第16内含子多态性位点的序列,并比较各年龄组ACE基因型及等位基因频率。结果 长寿组Ⅱ型基因频率及Ⅰ型等位基因频率高于老年组,长寿组D型等位基因频率显著低于老年组。结论 ACE基因插入/缺失多态性与维吾尔族老人长寿、寿命间有关系。     

Overt albuminuria predicts diabetic retinopathy in Hispanics with NIDDM

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) occurs with a higher frequency in Hispanic as compared with non-Hispanic whites. It also appears that there is a higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in the Hispanic population when compared with non-Hispanic whites. In the current study, 144 Hispanics and 671 non-Hispanic white NIDDM subjects were studied to determine the possible association of various risk factors and diabetic complications, including overt albuminuria, with diabetic retinopathy. Stereoscopic retinal fundus photographs were obtained and graded by the University of Wisconsin Fundus Photographic Reading Center. We also sought to determine whether risk factors for retinopathy vary between Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. In the total group, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin, neuropathy, diastolic hypertension, use of insulin, and Hispanic ethnicity correlated with the presence of retinopathy. Controlling for severity and duration of diabetes, Hispanics had a significantly increased risk of retinopathy relative to non-Hispanic whites (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.34, 3.37, P = 0.0013). Duration of diabetes and presence of neuropathy were significantly correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. The presence of overt albuminuria (>200 microg/min), although not related to diabetic retinopathy in non-Hispanic whites, conferred a high risk for diabetic retinopathy in Hispanics (OR = 11.14, CI = 1.20, 103.39, P = 0.0339) independent of other risk factors. In summary, Hispanics with NIDDM have an increased prevalence of diabetic retinopathy when compared with non-Hispanic whites. In addition, overt albuminuria in the Hispanic subjects appears to be a powerful predictor of the diabetic retinopathy.