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R Villegas XO Shu G Yang CE Matthews H Li H Cai Y Gao W Zheng 《Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis》2009,19(3):190-197
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The combined effect of the components of energy balance (energy intake and physical activity) and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been adequately investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the components of energy balance and the incidence of T2D in a cohort of middle-aged women. METHODS AND RESULTS: A population-based prospective study of 64,227 middle-aged Chinese women who had no prior history of diabetes or chronic disease at study recruitment. Participants completed in-person interviews at baseline and follow-up surveys that collected information on diabetes risk factors including dietary and physical activity habits and disease occurrence. Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained interviewers at recruitment. Average follow-up time was 4.6 years. During 297,755 person-years of follow-up, 1608 new cases of T2D were documented. Body mass index (BMI) and weight gain (since age 20) were strongly associated with T2D incidence. Energy intake (EI) was associated with modestly increased risk, while physical activity (PA) was associated with decreased risk of T2D. Less active women with higher EI had higher risk of T2D (RR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.67) than active women with lower EI (P(interaction)=0.02). The EI to PA (EI:PA) ratio was positively associated with T2D risk; the association was more evident among overweight and obese women (BMI > or = 23 kg/m(2)). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that energy balance plays an important role in the development of T2D, and this effect may be modified by BMI. 相似文献
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Golin J 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2006,38(1):1; author reply 1-2; discussion 2-3
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SNAP-25 deficit and hippocampal connectivity in schizophrenia 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Young CE; Arima K; Xie J; Hu L; Beach TG; Falkai P; Honer WG 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1998,8(3):261-268
Regional abnormalities of brain connectivity may be an important substrate
for the expression of schizophrenia, a severe form of mental illness. Brain
imaging and postmortem morphometric studies indicate hippocampal structure
is abnormal in schizophrenia. To study molecular components of hippocampal
connectivity the presynaptic proteins SNAP-25 and synaptophysin were
assayed in postmortem samples. Immunocytochemical studies indicated reduced
SNAP-25 immunoreactivity in schizophrenia compared to controls,
particularly in the terminal fields of entorhinal cortex projections.
Although there were no overall changes in synaptophysin immunoreactivity,
in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus synaptophysin
immunoreactivity was increased in schizophrenia. These results indicate
that disconnection of a subset of hippocampal circuitry from the entorhinal
cortex, as well as intrinsic changes in hippocampal connectivity, may
contribute to the mechanism of illness in schizophrenia.
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