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991.
Paul J. Beggs Constance H. Katelaris Danielle Medek Fay H. Johnston Pamela K. Burton Bradley Campbell Alison K. Jaggard Don Vicendese David M.J.S. Bowman Ian Godwin Alfredo R. Huete Bircan Erbas Brett J. Green Rewi M. Newnham Ed Newbigin Simon G. Haberle Janet M. Davies 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》2015,39(1):51-55
Objective : Allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are important chronic diseases posing serious public health issues in Australia with associated medical, economic, and societal burdens. Pollen are significant sources of clinically relevant outdoor aeroallergens, recognised as both a major trigger for, and cause of, allergic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to provide a national, and indeed international, perspective on the state of Australian pollen data using a large representative sample. Methods : Atmospheric grass pollen concentration is examined over a number of years within the period 1995 to 2013 for Brisbane, Canberra, Darwin, Hobart, Melbourne, and Sydney, including determination of the ‘clinical’ grass pollen season and grass pollen peak. Results : The results of this study describe, for the first time, a striking spatial and temporal variability in grass pollen seasons in Australia, with important implications for clinicians and public health professionals, and the Australian grass pollen‐allergic community. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that static pollen calendars are of limited utility and in some cases misleading. This study also highlights significant deficiencies and limitations in the existing Australian pollen monitoring and data. Implications : Establishment of an Australian national pollen monitoring network would help facilitate advances in the clinical and public health management of the millions of Australians with asthma and allergic rhinitis. 相似文献
992.
Ain R Dai G Dunmore JH Godwin AR Soares MJ 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2004,101(47):16543-16548
Successful species develop strategies to optimize their reproductive performance. This optimization likely includes the evolution of genes that specifically permit reproduction in physiologically challenging conditions. The prolactin (PRL) family gene cluster is one of 25 mouse-specific gene clusters, the majority of which are associated with reproduction. A prevailing theme characterizing the PRL family is its connection with pregnancy and mechanisms controlling viviparity. PRL-like protein A (PLP-A) is one of 26 genes located within the PRL family locus. It is a nonclassical member of the PRL family (e.g., PLP-A does not use the PRL receptor) produced by trophoblast cells of the chorioallantoic placenta and acts on uterine natural killer cells. In this report, the biology of PLP-A has been investigated by generating mice with a PLP-A null mutation. Under standardized animal husbandry conditions, PLP-A possesses modest effects on reproductive performance. However, this same gene is critical for reproduction when mice are exposed to a physiological stressor. Wild-type mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia during gestation readily adapt and maintain their pregnancies, whereas PLP-A null mutant mice fail to adapt, resulting in pregnancy failure. PLP-A contributes to hypoxia-induced adaptations critical to hemochorial placentation and thus nutrient flow to extraembryonic and embryonic tissues. The findings provide insights into species-specific reproductive adaptations. 相似文献
993.
994.
Priyanga Ranasinghe Shehani Pigera Priyadarshani Galappatthy Prasad Katulanda Godwin R. Constantine 《Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences》2015,23(1)
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies have shown that Zinc has numerous beneficial effects in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. We aim to evaluate the literature on the mechanisms and molecular level effects of Zinc on glycaemic control, β-cell function, pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.Methods
A review of published studies reporting mechanisms of action of Zinc in diabetes was undertaken in PubMed and SciVerse Scopus medical databases using the following search terms in article title, abstract or keywords; (“Zinc” or “Zn”) and (“mechanism” or “mechanism of action” or “action” or “effect” or “pathogenesis” or “pathology” or “physiology” or “metabolism”) and (“diabetes” or “prediabetes” or “sugar” or “glucose” or “insulin”).Results
The literature search identified the following number of articles in the two databases; PubMed (n = 1799) and SciVerse Scopus (n = 1879). After removing duplicates the total number of articles included in the present review is 111. Our results show that Zinc plays an important role in β-cell function, insulin action, glucose homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.Conclusion
Numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that Zinc has beneficial effects in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. However further randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted for an adequate duration, are required to establish therapeutic safety in humans.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40199-015-0127-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献995.
Ascorbic acid in the human stomach 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
G M Sobala C J Schorah M Sanderson M F Dixon D S Tompkins P Godwin A T Axon 《Gastroenterology》1989,97(2):357-363
Ascorbic acid, the reduced form of vitamin C, may protect against gastric cancer. Accordingly, this study assessed the variability of ascorbic acid and vitamin C in the gastric juice of 77 patients with dyspepsia. There was a vitamin C concentration gradient from gastric juice down to plasma in subjects with normal gastric mucosa, but not in those with chronic gastritis. Patients with chronic gastritis had significantly lower gastric concentrations of vitamin C and ascorbic acid, and ascorbic acid concentrations were especially low in subjects with hypochlorhydria. The presence of the concentration gradient suggests that a mechanism for the secretion of vitamin C into the stomach exists. This is compromised by chronic gastritis. The very low ascorbic acid concentrations in hypochlorhydria may be a consequence of oxidation by bacterial nitrite. Those patients who by the Correa model are at greatest risk for gastric cancer have the lowest gastric levels of ascorbic acid. 相似文献
996.
Alan R. Godwin H. Scott Stadler Kotoka Nakamura Mario R. Capecchi 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1998,95(22):13042-13047
The ability to use a vital cell marker to study mouse embryogenesis will open new avenues of experimental research. Recently, the use of transgenic mice, containing multiple copies of the jellyfish gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), has begun to realize this potential. Here, we show that the fluorescent signals produced by single-copy, targeted GFP in-frame fusions with two different murine Hox genes, Hoxa1 and Hoxc13, are readily detectable by using confocal microscopy. Since Hoxa1 is expressed early and Hoxc13 is expressed late in mouse embryogenesis, this study shows that single-copy GFP gene fusions can be used through most of mouse embryogenesis. Previously, targeted lacZ gene fusions have been very useful for analyzing mouse mutants. Use of GFP gene fusions extends the benefits of targeted lacZ gene fusions by providing the additional utility of a vital marker. Our analysis of the Hoxc13GFPneo embryos reveals GFP expression in each of the sites expected from analysis of Hoxc13lacZneo embryos. Similarly, Hoxa1GFPneo expression was detected in all of the sites predicted from RNA in situ analysis. GFP expression in the foregut pocket of Hoxa1GFPneo embryos suggests a role for Hoxa1 in foregut-mediated differentiation of the cardiogenic mesoderm. 相似文献
997.
Takkan MorishimaBastiaan L. Ginsel BHB MbChB Godwin G.H. ChoyLance J. Wilson BE Mech ME Sc PhD Sarah L. WhitehouseRoss W. Crawford MBBS DPhil Oxon 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2014
In an attempt to preserve proximal femoral bone stock and achieve a better fit in smaller femora, especially in the Asian population, several new shorter stem designs have become available. We investigated the torque to periprosthetic femoral fracture of the Exeter short stem compared with the conventional length Exeter stem in a Sawbone model. Forty-two stems; 21 shorter and 21 conventional stems both with three different offsets were cemented in a composite Sawbone model and torqued to fracture. Results showed that Sawbone femurs break at a statistically significantly lower torque to failure with a shorter compared to conventional-length Exeter stem of the same offset. Both standard and short-stem designs are safe to use as the torque to failure is 7–10 times that seen in activities of daily living. 相似文献
998.
999.
Zhong Bin-Yan Abiola Godwin Weiss Clifford R. 《Cardiovascular and interventional radiology》2018,41(11):1639-1647
CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - Obesity is a worldwide public health epidemic that leads to increased morbidity, mortality, and cost burden to health care. Although bariatric surgery... 相似文献
1000.
Giovanni?MoranaEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Cesar?Augusto?Alves Domenico?Tortora Jonathan?L.?Finlay Mariasavina?Severino Paolo?Nozza Marcello?Ravegnani Marco?Pavanello Claudia?Milanaccio Mohamad?Maghnie Andrea?Rossi Maria?Luisa?Garrè 《Neuroradiology》2018,60(1):89-99