全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1654篇 |
免费 | 210篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 30篇 |
儿科学 | 83篇 |
妇产科学 | 60篇 |
基础医学 | 185篇 |
口腔科学 | 78篇 |
临床医学 | 265篇 |
内科学 | 322篇 |
皮肤病学 | 50篇 |
神经病学 | 86篇 |
特种医学 | 32篇 |
外科学 | 352篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
预防医学 | 100篇 |
眼科学 | 40篇 |
药学 | 110篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 44篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 53篇 |
2022年 | 78篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 72篇 |
2019年 | 57篇 |
2018年 | 75篇 |
2017年 | 65篇 |
2016年 | 101篇 |
2015年 | 106篇 |
2014年 | 109篇 |
2013年 | 187篇 |
2012年 | 83篇 |
2011年 | 68篇 |
2010年 | 129篇 |
2009年 | 53篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 43篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 15篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1965年 | 6篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
1937年 | 5篇 |
1931年 | 10篇 |
1930年 | 12篇 |
1928年 | 6篇 |
1927年 | 6篇 |
1926年 | 7篇 |
1925年 | 5篇 |
1924年 | 9篇 |
1923年 | 4篇 |
1922年 | 3篇 |
1906年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1875条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Until recently, risk scoring systems for adult patients consisted of only clinical criteria. Currently, we are experiencing an abundant surge of literature integrating a wide range of biomarker arrays to clinical criteria in assessing the risk in an adult. In fact, novel risk scoring systems such as Reynolds criteria have emerged by combining the validated biomarkers to the traditional risk factors. Novel biomarkers potentially improve clinical management of cardiovascular disease, but there are gaps in understanding their role during childhood. The reason might be related to relatively lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease in children compared to the adult population. One exceptional group is the children with congenital heart disease. Recent studies indicate that novel biomarkers can alert the clinician in a timely manner about neurological and myocardial injury and their inflammatory consequences. Current technologies enable us to measure several biomarkers using only a few microliters of plasma. The preliminary studies show that novel biomarkers in addition to the traditionally studied biomarkers can help the clinician to identify children at high risk following pediatric heart surgery. Future studies are needed to confirm the role of biomarkers in monitoring children after cardiopulmonary bypass. 相似文献
72.
Microalbuminuria is the best predictor of diabetic nephropathy development in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). It is also accepted as an indicator of diabetic microangiopathy. Increased activation of platelets has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular complications. In light of these findings, this study was designed to investigate the association of microalbuminuria - an indicator glycemic control and microangiopathy - with mean platelet volume (MPV). Subjects underwent laboratory analyses and their MPV, HbA1c, serum creatinine, fasting, and postprandial blood glucose levels and 24-hour urine albumin levels were recorded. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v13.0 for Windows XP. Mann-Whitney U-test, student's t-test, spearman correlation analysis, ROC analysis, categorical regression analysis, and chi-square test were used for statistical evaluations. The study included 354 patients with type II DM. The median MPV value of microalbuminuria-positive patients was 9 (8-9.5) fl while MPV of patients without microalbuminuria was 8.5 (8-9.2) fl and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.004). We determined positive correlation between MPV and 24-hour urine microalbuminuria (r=0.14, p=0.009). There were no significant differences between patients with HbA1c levels below and above 7% in terms of MPV (p>0.05). We determined no correlation between MPV and HbA1c levels (r=?-0.36, p=0.64). This study determined a significant positive relationship between microalbuminuria - a microvascular complication of diabetes - and MPV. No significant correlation was identified between poor glycemic control and MPV in diabetic patients. However, we are in the opinion that the association between poor glycemic control and MPV in type II diabetic patients should be investigated in prospective studies with larger samples. 相似文献
73.
Serdar Düzgün Ayfer Özdemir Erkin Ünlü İlhan Pekdemir Sedat Yılancı Burak Alhan 《Journal of hand and microsurgery》2013,5(1):27-29
Intraneural Hemangioma of the digital nerve is rare and so far three cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of 12- year- old boy with painless soft tissue mass in the right hand and numbness on the radial aspect of the index finger. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed an isointense subcutaneous lesion without discrete borders in the first web space classically of hemangioma with the radial digital nerve extension. On exploration, the intraneural extension of the hemangioma was confirmed and total resection, microsurgical primary digital nerve repair was done. The patient became better and at 6 months follow up the index finger sensation improved. The patient had no reccurence and he is still under follow up. 相似文献
74.
Milan Hora Petr Stránský Ivan Trávníček Tomáš Ürge Viktor Eret Boris Kreuzberg Jan Baxa Hynek Mírka Fredrik Petersson Ondřej Hes Jiří Ferda 《World journal of urology》2013,31(5):1171-1176
Purpose
The new generation of 3TMRI has improved spatial and time resolutions, which are favourable in imaging of the renal vasculature. In this study, we have compared the imaging findings of the renal blood vessels using 3TMRI and CT with intraoperative assessment of the renal vasculature as gold standard.Methods
This prospective study was approved by the local ethical committee. Between 4/2011 and 12/2011, 80 patients with renal tumours underwent 3TMRA (angiography) (Magnetom SKYRA 3T, Siemens). Twenty of the patients were also examined with CT AG. The results of the CTA- and MRA-imaging studies were correlated with the intraoperative assessment of the renal vessels.Results
Seventy patients (87.5 %) had a detailed intraoperative assessment of the renal vessels. The sensitivities for CTA and MRA were 88.2 and 88.6 %, respectively. All discrepancies between imaging studies and intraoperative findings were due to inability to identify small polar vessels. The results of MRA were concordant with CTA in 85.0 % of cases. The (three) discrepancies between MRI and CT were due to failure of MRI in identifying small polar vessels.Conclusions
(1) 3TMRA gives detailed information about the renal vasculature including its topographical anatomy. (2) With MRI, small aberrant vessels are more frequently missed than with CTA. (3) CTA remains the gold standard. However, MRA may be used for planning of laparoscopic operations. (4) The quality of the 3D reconstruction is highly depending on the skills of the radiologist. 相似文献75.
76.
Background
To find the most efficacious method to minimize the side effects and maximize the advantages of laparoscopic surgery, this study aimed to define and document a gasless, single-incision abdominal access technique for the management of benign ovarian cysts.Methods
During a 1½ year period, 55 women underwent surgery for a benign ovarian cyst. Conventional carbon dioxide (CO2) laparoscopy was used for 33 of the women, and 22 of the women underwent a novel, gasless, single-incision laparoscopic surgery. An abdominal access pathway through a single intraabdominal incision was used to place transabdominal sutures that elevated the abdominal wall, and the operations were performed through the intra-umbilical entry without the use of trocars. Thus, the new technique was called keyless abdominal rope-lifting surgery (KARS). Two operative groups were compared to assess the feasibility of the new technique.Results
All the operations could be performed by KARS without conversion to CO2 laparoscopy or laparotomy. However, for two patients in the conventional laparoscopy group, minilaparotomy had to be performed for tissue retrieval. Although the two techniques had many similar results, the total operative times and the abdominal access times in the KARS group were significantly longer than in the conventional laparoscopy group (p < 0.05). Simple oral analgesics were adequate for postoperative pain relief in both groups.Conclusions
The KARS technique is a gasless, single-incision laparoscopic procedure that can be performed safely and effectively in terms of cosmesis, postoperative pain, and fertility preservation for the management of benign adnexal pathologies. 相似文献77.
Fatih Parmaksızoğlu Eren Cansü Mehmet Bekir Ünal A. Yener Ince 《Strategies in trauma and limb reconstruction (Online)》2013,8(2):127-131
Gustilo type IIIC open fractures of the tibia are high-energy injuries necessitating long treatment periods and usually multiple surgical procedures and eventually resulting in high morbidity rates and even amputations. We present here a case involving a type IIIC open tibial fracture with massive loss of the entire tibial diaphysis, which we treated by performing acute tibialization of the fibula after revascularization of the posterior tibial artery in a single-stage emergency operation. 相似文献
78.
Murat Mert Yusuf Öztürkmen Ethem Ayhan Ünkar Sinan Erdoğan Onat Üzümcügil 《International journal of surgery case reports》2013,4(10):805-808
INTRODUCTIONPolyethylene (PE) wear debris after total hip arthroplasty (THA) may cause formation of a soft tissue mass due to inflammatory reaction. To the best of our knowledge we report the first case in whom the diagnosis was made after examination of the hip, pelvis and lumbar spine with detailed radiological methods and the plain radiographs showed no signs of loosening of the THA.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe report a 52 years-old woman who presented with a cyst causing sciatic irritation in her gluteal region due to wear debris after THA. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was useful in detecting the cyst. Resolution of the cyst occured after subtotal cystectomy and revision of the acetabular components.DISCUSSIONAlthough plain radiographs can show signs of the underlying pathology; such as osteolysis, loosening of the components and wear of the PE liner, they are unable to detect cystic lesions. Cystic lesions may be an early sign of wear debris.CONCLUSIONThis case shows us that sciatic neuropathy with no evidence of nerve root impingement on lumbar MRI in a patient with THA requires also examination of the hip and pelvis with detailed radiological methods, such as MRI, in addition to plain radiography. Removal of the source of debris via revision surgery following subtotal cystectomy leads to the resolution of the remaining portion of the cyst and also relief of the symptoms of sciatic nerve compression. 相似文献
79.
N. Bebek Ö. Özdemir M. Sayitoglu Ö. Hatırnaz B. Baykan C. Gürses A. Sencer A. Karasu E. Tüzün I. Üzün S. Akat N. Cine G. Sargin Kurt M. Imer U. Ozbek A. Canbolat A. Gökyigit 《Journal of clinical neuroscience》2013,20(11):1564-1570
Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is the most frequent cause of drug resistant symptomatic partial epilepsy. The mechanism and genetic background of this unique pathology are not well understood. Aquaporins (AQP) are regulators of water homeostasis in the brain and are expressed in the human hippocampus. We explored the role of AQP genes in the pathogenetic mechanisms of MTS through an evaluation of gene expression in surgically removed human brain tissue. We analyzed AQP1 and 4 mRNA levels by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and normalized to ABL and cyclophilin genes, followed by immunohistochemistry for AQP4. Relative expressions were calculated according to the delta Ct method and the results were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Brain specimens of 23 patients with epilepsy who had undergone surgery for MTS and seven control autopsy specimens were investigated. Clinical findings were concordant with previous studies and 61% of the patients were seizure-free in the postoperative period. AQP1 and 4 gene expression levels did not differ between MTS patients and control groups. Immunofluorescence analysis of AQP4 supported the expression results, showing no difference. Previous studies have reported contradictory results about the expression levels of AQP in MTS. To our knowledge, only one study has suggested upregulation whereas the other indicated downregulation of perivascular AQP4. Our study did not support these findings and may rule out the involvement of AQP in human MTS. 相似文献
80.
Orkun Aydın Kuzeymen Balıkçı Fikret Poyraz Çökmüş Pınar Ünal Aydın 《Nordic journal of psychiatry》2013,67(4-5):293-301
AbstractBackground: The impairments in metacognitive functions and emotion recognition are considered as liable factors in anxiety disorders.Aims: The better understanding of these cognitive abilities might lead to develop more accurate treatment methods for patients who suffer from anxiety.Methods: Forty-four patients with panic disorder (PD), 37 individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 44 healthy control (HC) were participated in our study. Metacognition questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Reading The Mind From The Eyes Test and symptom severity tests were administered.Results: Statistical analyses estimated the dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and disrupted emotion recognition in patients relative to HC. The ‘need to control thoughts’ aspect of metacognitive beliefs was accounted for symptom severity in GAD. Improper metacognitive beliefs were significantly predicted the PD and GAD. In addition, impoverished emotion recognition predicted the GAD.Conclusions: Our study revealed the role of inconvenient metacognitive beliefs and distorted emotion recognition in PD and GAD. These findings might facilitate the treatment management in cognitive therapies of anxiety disorders via pointing out more reasonable targets across improper cognitive fields. 相似文献