Organic insecticide spinosad causes in vivo oxidative effects in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus

Spinosad is an organic insecticide derived from a naturally occurring soil bacterium and is used in organic farming worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo toxic effects of spinosad in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus as a model organism. The fish were exposed to sublethal spinosad concentrations (25, 50, 75 mg L^?1) for 24–48–72 h to determine tGSH, GSH, GSSG, and TBARS contents, GSH/GSSG ratio, and GPx, GR, GST enzymes activities using spectrophotometrical methods, and Hsp70 content by an ELISA technique. Spinosad caused elevations in the contents of tGSH, GSH, GSSG, Hsp70, and reductions in the ratio of GSH/GSSG and GPx activity and an induction in the GR activity. The results indicated that spinosad had oxidative effects in the brain tissue by altering the parameters in GSH‐related antioxidant system and Hsp70. It was also suggested that spinosad‐induced free‐radicals were eliminated by GSH‐related antioxidant system in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 253–260, 2014.     

2014—2020年上海市松江区登革热流行病学特征分析

目的    分析上海市松江区登革热流行病学特征,为登革热防治提供科学依据。方法    通过国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统获得2014—2020年松江区登革热病例信息,用描述性流行病学方法分析病例的发病时间、空间、人群分布等流行病学特征。结果    2014—2020年松江区累计报告登革热病例20例,均为输入性病例,无本地病例发生;无死亡病例。主要来自东南亚,占所有报告病例的95.0%（19/20）。时间分布呈单峰,以7—8月为高峰。男女性别比为4[∶]1,发病年龄中位数37岁,以青壮年为主（65.0%）。职业以公司职员（35.0%）、商业服务人员（20.0%）和工人（20.0%）为主。全区15个街道（镇）中7个有登革热病例报告。20例病例发病到确诊的时间间隔中位数为6 d。实验室检测检出DENV-1型和DENV-2型,以DENV-2型为主（71.4%）。结论    上海市松江区登革热疫情以输入性病例为主,有明显的季节性。登革热疫情防控的重点是严防输入,控制本地疫情的发生与流行。     

Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is related to the transfusion of blood components. Typically, it is a clinical syndrome, characterized by the sudden onset of dyspnea, hypoxemia and bilateral non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. A 83-year-old female patient with a history of AML developed TRALI after receiving 6 units of platelets. TRALI symptoms was started 10 min later the transfusion. AML is a risky group for TRALI. While giving transfusion to the risky groups of TRALI one must be more careful. The mortality rate caused by TRALI will decrease if the patient who is thought to have TRALI or who has bilateral pulmonary edema without any other reason showing the existance of TRALI is given ventilatory support at the right time.     

计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价再评价

目的 对计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价再评价,为开展计算机化认知训练提供证据支持。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI）循证卫生保健中心数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库,检索内容涉及计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价/Meta分析,检索时限为建库至2021年12月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、分别对纳入的系统评价和结局指标进行质量评价。排除重复的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials,RCT）,并对主要RCT重新进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入10篇系统评价/Meta分析,系统评价方法学质量评价结果显示,1篇为中等质量,其余均为低或较低质量。结果显示,计算机化认知训练有助于改善轻度认知障碍患者的整体认知功能,但对执行功能、记忆功能、注意功能等的干预效果仍需进一步证实。结论 计算机化认知训练有助于改善轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能,受纳入研究的数量及质量限制,尚需...     

The impact of pretreatment with bolus dose of enteral glutamine on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rats

Purpose

Both parenteral and enteral glutamine have shown beneficial effects in sepsis and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Oleic acid (OA) has been used to induce ALI in experimental studies. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment of a bolus dose of enteral glutamine on ALI induced by OA in rats.

Methods

Twenty-eight adult female Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 240–300 g were divided into four groups, 7 in each. Group I and group II received normal saline for 30 days, group III and group IV received glutamine at a dose of 1 g/kg for 10 days by gavage, and in group II and group IV 100 mg/kg OA was administered i.v. Histopathological examination of the lung was performed with light and electron microscopy. Levels of protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were measured in tissue samples. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and total tissue oxidant status and total tissue antioxidant status were measured in serum samples.

Results

Light microscopy showed that the total lung injury score of group IV was significantly lower than group II. Change in thickness of the fused basal lamina was not significantly different in groups II and IV under electron microscopy. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 serum levels were higher in group II when compared to group I and significantly attenuated in group IV.

Conclusion

Pretreatment with a bolus dose of enteral glutamine minimized the extent of ALI induced by OA in rats.     

The association of PTSD with physical and mental health functioning and disability (VA Cooperative Study #569: the course and consequences of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam-era Veteran twins)

Purpose

To assess the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with health functioning and disability in Vietnam-era Veterans.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of functioning and disability in male Vietnam-era Veteran twins. PTSD was measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; health functioning and disability were assessed using the Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey (VR-36) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). All data collection took place between 2010 and 2012.

Results

Average age of the 5,574 participating Veterans (2,102 Vietnam theater and 3,472 non-theater) was 61.0 years. Veterans with PTSD had poorer health functioning across all domains of VR-36 and increased disability for all subscales of WHODAS 2.0 (all p < .001) compared with Veterans without PTSD. Veterans with PTSD were in poorer overall health on the VR-36 physical composite summary (PCS) (effect size = 0.31 in theater and 0.47 in non-theater Veterans; p < .001 for both) and mental composite summary (MCS) (effect size = 0.99 in theater and 0.78 in non-theater Veterans; p < .001 for both) and had increased disability on the WHODAS 2.0 summary score (effect size = 1.02 in theater and 0.96 in non-theater Veterans; p < .001 for both). Combat exposure, independent of PTSD status, was associated with lower PCS and MCS scores and increased disability (all p < .05, for trend). Within-pair analyses in twins discordant for PTSD produced consistent findings.

Conclusions

Vietnam-era Veterans with PTSD have diminished functioning and increased disability. The poor functional status of aging combat-exposed Veterans is of particular concern.