全文获取类型
收费全文 | 774篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 30篇 |
妇产科学 | 30篇 |
基础医学 | 81篇 |
口腔科学 | 10篇 |
临床医学 | 62篇 |
内科学 | 144篇 |
皮肤病学 | 83篇 |
神经病学 | 149篇 |
特种医学 | 47篇 |
外科学 | 42篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
预防医学 | 86篇 |
眼科学 | 3篇 |
药学 | 26篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 17篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 36篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 42篇 |
2007年 | 36篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有825条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
62.
Isokinetic torque levels for high school football players. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
T B Gilliam S P Sady P S Freedson J Villanacci 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》1979,60(3):110-114
One hundred fifteen high school football players were screened isokinetically for the knee extensor and flexor torque generating capabilities and muscle imbalances. Each player was tested on a Cybex II at speeds of 30 degrees/sec and 180 degrees/sec. The subjects were stratified by age (15, 16, 17) and by position (linemen vs receivers and backs). Significant (p less than 0.05) torque differences were observed at both the slow and fast speeds for the knee extensors and flexors across the 3 age groups. However, the flexion to extension ratios did not differ significantly. On the other hand, when considering the positions, flexor torque and flexion to extension ratio at the slow speed were greater (p less than 0.05) for the linemen than the receivers and backs. Partial correlation analyses showed that body weight had the greatest effect on the knee torque values. It was concluded that basic torque measures differed with age and by position in the sport of football. Also, speed of movement altered the force generating capabilities of the muscle and resultant ratios. 相似文献
63.
Jensen RA Gilliam LK Törn C Landin-Olsson M Karlsson FA Palmer JP Kockum I Akesson K Lernmark B Lynch K Breslow N Lernmark A;Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden 《Journal of diabetes and its complications》2007,21(4):205-213
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for the loss of measurable plasma C-peptide in newly diagnosed 15- to 35-year-old diabetic subjects. METHODS: This Swedish study included 778 subjects. C-peptide levels were obtained each year for 6 years after diagnosis. Loss of measurable C-peptide was defined as a level at or below the lower detection limit of the local assay (0.13 nmol/l). In addition to C-peptide, other baseline covariates included gender, age, body mass index, HLA genotype, and autoantibody levels. RESULTS: Compared with autoantibody-negative subjects, autoantibody-positive subjects had lower median baseline C-peptide (0.27 vs. 0.50, P<.001), their levels declined over the study period, and the risk of losing measurable C-peptide was significantly higher when more than one autoantibody was present [odds ratio (OR), 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.13-7.54]. Among autoantibody-positive individuals, the presence of GAD65Ab (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.24-2.51) and islet cell antibodies (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.19-2.18) conferred a higher risk for loss of measurable C-peptide as did female gender (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.17-2.11) and time after diagnosis (OR, 1.5 for each additional year postdiagnosis; 95% CI, 1.41-1.57). Higher baseline C-peptide levels were protective (OR, 0.5 for each additional log(e) nanomoles per liter; 95% CI, 0.36-0.58). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified autoantibody status, gender, and baseline C-peptide levels as factors that will be useful for predicting the disease course of 15- to 35-year-old diabetic individuals. 相似文献
64.
65.
Downing C Balderrama-Durbin C Hayes J Johnson TE Gilliam D 《Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)》2009,44(1):25-33
Aims: Prenatal exposure to alcohol can have adverse effectson the developing fetus. Two of the hallmarks of children exposedto alcohol prenatally are attention deficits and hyperactivity.While hyperactivity has been observed in rats following prenatalethanol exposure, few studies have examined these effects inmice. The present study investigated the effects of prenatalethanol exposure on activity in mice from three inbred strains:C57BL/6 (B6), Inbred Long Sleep (ILS) and Inbred Short Sleep(ISS). Methods: On Days 7 through 18 of gestation, mice wereintragastrically intubated twice daily with either 3.0 g/kgethanol (E) or an isocaloric amount of maltose–dextrin(MD); non-intubated control (NIC) litters were also generated.Offspring activity was monitored at 30, 60, 90 and 150 daysof age. Results: While results showed no effects of prenatalethanol exposure on any measures of activity, we did observedifferences in baseline activity among the strains. ISS micewere more active than B6 and ILS for all activity measures exceptstereotypy; B6 mice had higher measures of stereotypy than ILSand ISS. Younger mice were more active than older mice. Theonly sex effects were on measures of stereotypy, where maleshad higher scores. Conclusions: Mice are an excellent organismto study genetic influences on many phenotypes. However, ourstudy and others have shown few effects of prenatal ethanolexposure on behavior in mice. It appears as if the prenatalperiod in mice, corresponding to organogenesis, is not a sensitiveperiod for producing behavioral deficits following ethanol exposure.It is likely that the first 2 weeks postnatally, correspondingto the brain growth spurt, are more sensitive for producingbehavioral effects. 相似文献
66.
Introduction
Nissen fundoplication has been performed laparoscopically for over 15 years, being associated with shorter hospital stay and
fewer complications than conventional open surgery with good long-term outcomes. Day-case laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
(LNF) is rarely performed in the UK and most series in the literature report length of stay >2 days.
Methods
The objective of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of day-case LNF. The clinical records of all patients undergoing
LNF under the care of three surgeons in a district general hospital (DGH) during a 5-year period (January 2003 to December
2007) were reviewed to examine length of stay, complications, length of procedure, grade of operating surgeon and symptoms
on follow-up.
Results
One hundred thirteen day-case LNFs were recorded in this series. Day-case LNF patients had median age of 45 years (range 20–68 years,
65% (64.6%) male) and 98% were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II. Twenty-one cases (19%) were performed
by higher surgical trainees. Median operative time was 54 minnutes (range 25–120 min). Only one perioperative complication
(port-site bleed) occurred, treated without prolonging length of stay. The proportion of all LNF performed as day cases increased
from 8% to 52% during the study period. Median operative time has significantly reduced from the first 20 consecutive LNF
cases to the latest 20 cases [65 min (range 40–120 min) versus 48 min (range 25–72 min); p = 0.037]. At follow-up (median 7 weeks, range 2–31 weeks) 82% of patients had improvement in all presenting symptoms. Eight
patients had postoperative complications [wound infection (n = 2), persistent regurgitation requiring laparoscopic division of a gastric band adhesion (n = 1), dysphagia (n = 5 with two patients requiring redo partial fundoplication and one patient requiring dilatation) and there were no conversions
to open surgery.
Conclusion
Day-case LNF is safe and effective for treating selected patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a DGH. The
proportion of day-case LNFs is increasing in our unit. Half of the LNFs in a DGH can be done as day cases. Experience is associated
with a significant reduction in operative time. 相似文献
67.
Background Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is associated with a shorter hospital stay and fewer complications than conventional open appendectomy
(OA). This study aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of day case emergency LA.
Methods The records of patients undergoing emergency LA under the care of two laparoscopic surgeons over a 3-year period (Februrary
2003 to February 2006) were reviewed to examine hospital length of stay (LOS), complications, histology, grade of the operating
surgeon, and time required to perform the procedure.
Results A total of 104 patients (median age, 25 years; range, 11–72 years; 58 men) underwent LA, with 9 and 66 patients discharged
in 8 and 24 hours, respectively (median LOS 22 hours: range 6–170 hours). One patient underwent conversion to OA. Histologically,
86 patients had appendicitis and 18 had normal appendices with another pathology present. The median operative time was 35
min (range, 20–80 min). The complications included three wound infections and two pelvic abscesses not requiring further operative
intervention.
Conclusion Day case emergency LA is safe and effective for treating selected patients. 相似文献
68.
In planning interventions it is essential to understand how adverse risk factors in early childhood are associated with child
mental health problems, whether some types of problems can be better explained by the specific risk factors, and whether early
risk factors are differently related to different types of child behavior problems. A community sample of 692 1.5–3.5-year-old
children from Northern Russia was assessed by means of maternal reports. The study compared two models for the development
of internalizing (withdrawn, anxious/depressed) and externalizing (aggressive, destructive) behavior problems in relation
to the same early risk factors using structural equation modeling. Findings suggested that the development of these problems
is related to maternal psychological problems and alcohol use during pregnancy, and mediated by the continuing maternal and
family dysfunction and compromised postnatal condition of the child. Results indicated good model fit for both internalizing
and externalizing problems, and neither of the models fit significantly better than the other. Findings are discussed in terms
of understanding developmental risk and informing intervention and prevention efforts. 相似文献
69.
Data suggesting that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for late-life anxiety are accumulating; however, effectiveness has not been well established. Incorporating CBT for anxiety into home care is needed to facilitate access to evidenced-based treatment for a growing population of community-dwelling, functionally impaired elderly people. In this article, the authors describe the development of a home-based CBT program for late-life anxiety, outlining their experience partnering with a community care management organization. They also describe the CBT protocol and present data form two participants who completed the treatment. The two case examples illustrate multiple barriers to achieving successful treatment outcomes with this population. Future research needs to determine the extent to which adaptations are necessary to optimize the success of CBT for anxiety in a home care setting. 相似文献
70.
E A Walter B Gilliam J A Delmar K Spooner J T Morris N Aronson S A Wegner N L Michael L L Jagodzinski 《Clinical infectious diseases》2000,31(3):798-802
Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the United States has predominantly involved subtype B, increasing global travel is leading to wider dissemination of genetically heterogeneous subtypes. While physicians depend on HIV-1 viral load measurements to guide antiretroviral therapy, commonly used molecular assays may underestimate the viral load of patients with non-B subtypes. Nine patients with non-B subtypes of HIV-1 were identified by physicians who suspected a non-B subtype on the basis of a low or undetectable HIV-1 viral load, by the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test, version 1.0, in conjunction with either a declining CD4 cell count or history of travel outside the United States. Use of version 1.5 of the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test detected a median HIV-1 viral load that was 2.0 log(10) RNA copies/mL higher than was determined with version 1.0. Clinical management was altered in all cases after diagnosis of a non-B-subtype infection. These cases demonstrate that it is critical for physicians to suspect and diagnose non-B subtypes of HIV-1 so that an assay with reliable subtype performance can be used to guide antiretroviral therapy. 相似文献