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21.
Study of genotypes and virB4 secretion gene of Bartonella henselae strains from patients with clinically defined cat scratch disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Woestyn S Olivé N Bigaignon G Avesani V Delmée M 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2004,42(4):1420-1427
Bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease (CSD), which usually presents as a self-limiting lymphadenopathy. Occasionally, the bacteria will spread and be responsible for tissue and visceral involvement. Two B. henselae genotypes (genotypes I and II) have been described to be responsible for uncomplicated CSD on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. A type IV secretion system (T4SS) similar to the virulence-associated VirB system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was recently identified in the B. henselae Houston-1 genotype I strain. We studied the correlations of the B. henselae genotypes with the clinical presentations and with the presence of T4SS. Isolates originated from CSD patients whose lymph nodes were prospectively analyzed. B. henselae genotype I was identified in 13 of 42 patients (30%). Among these, two teenage twins presented with hepatosplenic CSD and one immunocompetent adult presented with osteomyelitis. Genotype II was detected in 28 of 42 patients (67%), all of whom presented with uncomplicated CSD. The last patient was infected with both genotypes. T4SS was studied by PCR amplification of the virB4 gene. Amplification of virB4 codons 146 to 256, 273 to 357, and 480 to 537 enabled us to detect 66, 90, and 100% of the B. henselae isolates, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed sequence variations that correlated with genotype distribution. Our studies suggest that B. henselae genotype I strains harbor virB4 genes that are different from those harbored by genotype II strains and that genotype I strains might be more pathogenic. 相似文献
22.
P Geoffroy R L Lalonde R Ahrens W Clarke M R Hill L M Vaughan J Grossman 《Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology》1999,82(4):377-382
STUDY OBJECTIVE: This study compares the efficacy and safety of one and two actuations of albuterol sulfate powder delivered via a breath-actuated, effort-assisted, investigational inhaler (Spiros, Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc) and albuterol delivered via a conventional propellant-driven metered dose inhaler (Ventolin, Glaxo, Inc). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 5-way crossover study. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (FEV1 59% predicted) were enrolled and 44 completed the study. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: FEV1 values over 6 hours were analyzed by ANCOVA and the Finney relative potency model. The relative potency of the inhalers (albuterol MDI: albuterol DPI) was 1.132 (90% CI, 0.680 to 2.252) indicating 1.132 actuations of albuterol MDI provided the same bronchodilation as one actuation of albuterol DPI. ANCOVA analyses further indicated that there were no significant differences between the two delivery systems with respect to FEV1, FVC, FEF25-75%, or PEF. Both inhalers had similar effects on serum potassium levels, QTc interval, blood pressure, and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild-to-moderate asthma in this study, the albuterol DPI was determined to be therapeutically comparable to albuterol MDI in the delivery of one and two actuations of albuterol. 相似文献
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Christine C. Boucard Josef P. Rauschecker Susanne Neufang Achim Berthele Anselm Doll Andrej Manoliu Valentin Riedl Christian Sorg Afra Wohlschläger Mark Mühlau 《Brain structure & function》2016,221(4):2367-2374
We present a case report on visual brain plasticity after total blindness acquired in adulthood. SH lost her sight when she was 27. Despite having been totally blind for 43 years, she reported to strongly rely on her vivid visual imagery. Three-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of SH and age-matched controls was performed. The MRI sequence included anatomical MRI, resting-state functional MRI, and task-related functional MRI where SH was instructed to imagine colours, faces, and motion. Compared to controls, voxel-based analysis revealed white matter loss along SH’s visual pathway as well as grey matter atrophy in the calcarine sulci. Yet we demonstrated activation in visual areas, including V1, using functional MRI. Of the four identified visual resting-state networks, none showed alterations in spatial extent; hence, SH’s preserved visual imagery seems to be mediated by intrinsic brain networks of normal extent. Time courses of two of these networks showed increased correlation with that of the inferior posterior default mode network, which may reflect adaptive changes supporting SH’s strong internal visual representations. Overall, our findings demonstrate that conscious visual experience is possible even after years of absence of extrinsic input. 相似文献
24.
Nabarra B Martinon C Godard C Vasseur F de Ribains G Miquerol L Kahn A Ezine S 《Developmental immunology》2002,9(4):223-231
Bone marrow progenitors migrate to the thymus, where they proliferate and differentiate into immunologically competent T cells. In this report we show that mice transgenic for SV40 T and t antigens under the control of the L-pyruvate kinase promoter develop, in a first step, thymic hyperplasia of both thymocytes and epithelial cells. Morphological studies (histology, immunohistolabeling and electron microscopy) revealed modifications of the thymic microenvironment and gradual expansion of medullary epithelial cells in 1 month-old mice, taking over the cortical region. Then, a thymic carcinoma develops. Two-color labeling of frozen sections identified the transgene in medullary epithelial cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated a marked increase in mature CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes in adult mice (39 +/- 10 x 10(6) in transgenic mice and 12 +/- 5 x 10(6) in age-matched controls). Furthermore, thymocyte export was disturbed. 相似文献
25.
Geoffroy MC Côté SM Borge AI Larouche F Séguin JR Rutter M 《Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines》2007,48(5):490-497
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that nonmaternal care (NMC) may either carry risks or be beneficial for children's language development. However, few tested the possibility that NMC may be more or less protective for children with different family backgrounds. This study investigates the role of the family environment, as reflected in the socioeconomic status (SES), in the association between NMC in the first year of life and children's receptive language skills prior to school entry. METHOD: A representative sample of 2,297 Canadian children aged between 0 and 11 months at their first assessment was followed over 4 years. Receptive language skills were assessed with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Revised (PPVT-R) when the child was 4 to 5 years old. RESULTS: After controlling for selection factors, SES was found to moderate the association between NMC and receptive language skills: Full-time NMC in the first year of life was associated with higher PPVT-R scores among children from low SES families (d = .58), but not among children from adequate SES families. CONCLUSION: Full-time NMC in infancy may contribute to reducing the cognitive inequalities between children of low and adequate SES. 相似文献
26.
David Grossin Sabrina Rollin-Martinet Claude Estournès Fabrice Rossignol Eric Champion Christèle Combes Christian Rey Chevallier Geoffroy Christophe Drouet 《Acta biomaterialia》2010,6(2):577-585
Nanocrystalline apatites analogous to bone mineral are very promising materials for the preparation of highly bioactive ceramics due to their unique intrinsic physico-chemical characteristics. Their surface reactivity is indeed linked to the presence of a metastable hydrated layer on the surface of the nanocrystals. Yet the sintering of such apatites by conventional techniques, at high temperature, strongly alters their physico-chemical characteristics and biological properties, which points out the need for “softer” sintering processes limiting such alterations. In the present work a non-conventional technique, spark plasma sintering, was used to consolidate such nanocrystalline apatites at non-conventional, very low temperatures (T < 300 °C) so as to preserve the surface hydrated layer present on the nanocrystals. The bioceramics obtained were then thoroughly characterized by way of complementary techniques. In particular, microstructural, nanostructural and other major physico-chemical features were investigated and commented on. This work adds to the current international concern aiming at improving the capacities of present bioceramics, in view of elaborating a new generation of resorbable and highly bioactive ceramics for bone tissue engineering. 相似文献
27.
28.
P.A. Geoffroy J.-A. Micoulaud Franchi R. Lopez I. Poirot A. Brion S. Royant-Parola B. Etain 《L'Encéphale》2017,43(4):363-373
Objectives
Sleep complaints are very common in bipolar disorders (BD) both during acute phases (manic and depressive episodes) and remission (about 80 % of patients with remitted BD have poor sleep quality). Sleep complaints during remission are of particular importance since they are associated with more mood relapses and worse outcomes. In this context, this review discusses the characterization and treatment of sleep complaints in BD.Methods
We examined the international scientific literature in June 2016 and performed a literature search with PubMed electronic database using the following headings: “bipolar disorder” and (“sleep” or “insomnia” or “hypersomnia” or “circadian” or “apnoea” or “apnea” or “restless legs”).Results
Patients with BD suffer from sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities during major depressive episodes (insomnia or hypersomnia, nightmares, nocturnal and/or early awakenings, non-restorative sleep) and manic episodes (insomnia, decreased need for sleep without fatigue), but also some of these abnormalities may persist during remission. These remission phases are characterized by a reduced quality and quantity of sleep, with a longer sleep duration, increased sleep latency, a lengthening of the wake time after sleep onset (WASO), a decrease of sleep efficiency, and greater variability in sleep/wake rhythms. Patients also present frequent sleep comorbidities: chronic insomnia, sleepiness, sleep phase delay syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and restless legs syndrome (RLS). These disorders are insufficiently diagnosed and treated whereas they are associated with mood relapses, treatment resistance, affect cognitive global functioning, reduce the quality of life, and contribute to weight gain or metabolic syndrome. Sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities have been also associated with suicidal behaviors. Therefore, a clinical exploration with characterization of these abnormalities and disorders is essential. This exploration should be helped by questionnaires and documented on sleep diaries or even actimetric objective measures. Explorations such as ventilatory polygraphy, polysomnography or a more comprehensive assessment in a sleep laboratory may be required to complete the diagnostic assessment. Treatments obviously depend on the cause identified through assessment procedures. Treatment of chronic insomnia is primarily based on non-drug techniques (by restructuring behavior and sleep patterns), on psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia [CBT-I]; relaxation; interpersonal and social rhythm therapy [IPSRT]; etc.), and if necessary with hypnotics during less than four weeks. Specific treatments are needed in phase delay syndrome, OSAHS, or other more rare sleep disorders.Conclusions
BD are defined by several sleep and circadian rhythm abnormalities during all phases of the disorder. These abnormalities and disorders, especially during remitted phases, should be characterized and diagnosed to reduce mood relapses, treatment resistance and improve BD outcomes. 相似文献29.
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