全文获取类型
收费全文 | 333篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 25篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 31篇 |
口腔科学 | 4篇 |
临床医学 | 19篇 |
内科学 | 49篇 |
皮肤病学 | 3篇 |
神经病学 | 47篇 |
特种医学 | 87篇 |
外科学 | 28篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 3篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 33篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 12篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 13篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有348条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations obtained during the first four years of treatment in 418 children with congenital hypothyroidism, identified by neonatal screening, were examined in relation to paired measurements of plasma thyroxine (n = 1945), free thyroxine (n = 836), triiodothyronine (n = 480), and free triiodothyronine (n = 231), and estimated daily dose of thyroxine at the time of blood sampling. Overall, plasma TSH was above 7 mU/l in 1280 out of 2960 samples (43%); the percentage was not related to severity of hypothyroidism at diagnosis. Mean values for thyroxine and free thyroxine, and to a lesser extent free triiodothyronine, were consistently lower in samples with TSH concentrations over 7 mU/l and this was the case in patients with either severe or less severe hypothyroidism. Raised TSH concentrations were also associated with lower mean doses of thyroxine (micrograms/kg/day) but here the mean doses of thyroxine in children with severe hypothyroidism were higher than in the children with less severe hypothyroidism. The mean dose of thyroxine associated with low/normal TSH values was highest in the first 6 months and fell progressively. Thyroxine dose was significantly related to thyroxine and free thyroxine concentrations but not to triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine and the latter appeared to be of limited value as measures of plasma thyroid hormone status during treatment. 相似文献
72.
Thrombomodulin, an endothelial anticoagulant protein, is absent from the human brain 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
Protein C activation by thrombin is significantly accelerated by the endothelial cell cofactor, thrombomodulin. In this study, we have developed a radioimmunoassay for thrombomodulin and have measured the cofactor content in several human tissues. The assay method detects as little as 2 ng of thrombomodulin. The highest thrombomodulin content was found in lung and placenta, but the antigen was also detected in spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, skin, heart, and aorta. Unexpectedly, thrombomodulin was absent from brain. Extracts from cerebral cortex, cerebellum, centrum semiovale, midbrain, basal ganglia, pons, and medulla were devoid of thrombomodulin. In contrast, thrombomodulin antigen is present in extracerebral intracranial vessels, including basilar and internal carotid arteries and choroid plexus, as well as in endothelium of the pia-arachnoid. 相似文献
73.
Daniel I. Sessler Joshua A. Bloomstone Solomon Aronson Colin Berry Tong J. Gan John A. Kellum James Plumb Monty G. Mythen Michael P.W. Grocott Mark R. Edwards Timothy E. Miller Timothy E. Miller Monty G. Mythen Michael PW. Grocott Mark R. Edwards 《British journal of anaesthesia》2019,122(5):563-574
Background
Intraoperative mortality is now rare, but death within 30 days of surgery remains surprisingly common. Perioperative myocardial infarction is associated with a remarkably high mortality. There are strong associations between hypotension and myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, renal injury, and death. Perioperative arterial blood pressure management was thus the basis of a Perioperative Quality Initiative consensus-building conference held in London in July 2017.Methods
The meeting featured a modified Delphi process in which groups addressed various aspects of perioperative arterial pressure.Results
Three consensus statements on intraoperative blood pressure were established. 1) Intraoperative mean arterial pressures below 60–70 mm Hg are associated with myocardial injury, acute kidney injury, and death. Injury is a function of hypotension severity and duration. 2) For adult non-cardiac surgical patients, there is insufficient evidence to recommend a general upper limit of arterial pressure at which therapy should be initiated, although pressures above 160 mm Hg have been associated with myocardial injury and infarction. 3) During cardiac surgery, intraoperative systolic arterial pressure above 140 mm Hg is associated with increased 30 day mortality. Injury is a function of arterial pressure severity and duration.Conclusions
There is increasing evidence that even brief durations of systolic arterial pressure <100 mm Hg and mean arterial pressure <60–70 mm Hg are harmful during non-cardiac surgery. 相似文献74.
In vivo and in vitro MR imaging of renal tumors: histopathologic correlation and pulse sequence optimization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Quint LE; Glazer GM; Chenevert TL; Fechner KP; Gikas PW; Shireman PK; Grossman HB; Li KC 《Radiology》1988,169(2):359-362
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has given mixed results in the detection of renal masses. To identify the reasons for this and to determine the optimal pulse sequences for evaluating renal tumors, the authors imaged 12 primary renal tumors in vivo and 17 in vitro at 0.35 T. Histopathologic findings for each specimen were closely correlated with the MR images. Four of seven solid tumors imaged in vivo were isointense with surrounding normal renal parenchyma at all pulse sequences. The other three tumors were hyperintense in vivo at T2-weighted sequences. At heavily T2-weighted sequences eight solid tumors were hyperintense in vitro and four were hypointense. There was no correlation between signal intensity and specific tissue type or histologic pattern for solid tumors. The five cystic tumors were well seen both in vivo and in vitro on T2-weighted images. However, the signal intensity of the cyst fluid was an unreliable indicator of benignancy. SE MR imaging at 0.35 T has significant limitations in the detection of solid renal masses. 相似文献
75.
E. Mark Haacke PhD Ann Christine Duhaime MD Alisa D. Gean MD Gerard Riedy MD Max Wintermark MD Pratik Mukherjee MD PhD David L. Brody MD Thomas DeGraba MD Timothy D. Duncan MD Elie Elovic MD Robin Hurley MD Lawrence Latour PhD James G. Smirniotopoulos MD Douglas H. Smith MD 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》2010,32(3):516-543
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a poorly understood pathology. Patients suffer from a variety of physical and cognitive effects that worsen as the type of trauma worsens. Some noninvasive insights into the pathophysiology of TBI are possible using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and many other forms of imaging as well. A recent workshop was convened to evaluate the common data elements (CDEs) that cut across the imaging field and given the charge to review the contributions of the various imaging modalities to TBI and to prepare an overview of the various clinical manifestations of TBI and their interpretation. Technical details regarding state‐of‐the‐art protocols for both MRI and CT are also presented with the hope of guiding current and future research efforts as to what is possible in the field. Stress was also placed on the potential to create a database of CDEs as a means to best record information from a given patient from the reading of the images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:516–543. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
76.
Detecting fetomaternal hemorrhage: a comparison of five methods 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
KM Bayliss ; BD Kueck ; ST Johnson ; JT Fueger ; PW McFadden ; D Mikulski ; JL Gottschall 《Transfusion》1991,31(4):303-307
Appropriate postpartum administration of Rh immune globulin relies on sensitive detection and accurate quantitation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). Recently, the microscopic Du test (micro Du) enhanced with polyethylene glycol (PEG Du) and flow cytometry (FC) have been advocated for this purpose. Three qualitative methods (micro Du, rosette test, and PEG Du) and two quantitative methods (acid elution and FC) for assessing FMH were evaluated with particular attention given to PEG Du and FC. In vitro studies comprised 10 series of dilutions of D+ cord cells in D- adult cells to yield D+ cell concentrations of 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 percent. Additionally, 26 postpartum samples were tested. Of the qualitative techniques, the micro Du test was the least sensitive with 20 percent false-negative results occurring at 0.5 percent fetal cells. The PEG Du test was only slightly more sensitive and offered no clinical advantage. The rosette test was the most sensitive, consistently detecting fetal cells at concentrations of 0.25 percent or greater. FC and acid elution showed similar results, with good correlation obtained between measured and expected quantities of fetal cells (r = 0.99 and 0.96, respectively). One of 26 postpartum samples was positive by all screening techniques; acid elution and FC detected 0.3-percent concentrations of fetal cells and 0.17-percent concentrations of D+ cells, respectively. Although acid elution is a more commonly used method for quantitating FMH, FC offers an acceptable alternative that is capable of analyzing large numbers of cells with objectivity and reproducibility. 相似文献
77.
van der Linden PW; Hack CE; Eerenberg AJ; Struyvenberg A; van der Zwan JK 《Blood》1993,82(6):1732-1739
A postulated role of the contact system in anaphylactic reactions to insect stings was investigated. During prospective, in-hospital sting challenge, we collected serial blood samples from five normal volunteers and 16 patients with a history of insect-sting anaphylaxis. Activation of the contact system was assessed by measuring plasma levels of factor XIIa-C1-inhibitor and kallikrein-C1-inhibitor complexes as well as those of cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HK). In addition, antigenic levels of (pre)kallikrein, factor XII, and HK were measured. No significant changes in contact system parameters were observed in any of the five volunteers or the four patients who did not develop an anaphylactic reaction after sting challenge. In contrast, significant changes in contact system parameters occurred in 7 of the 12 patients with anaphylactic symptoms after challenge. Peak levels of either C1-inhibitor complex were found 5 minutes after the onset of anaphylactic symptoms. The increase in C1-inhibitor was most pronounced in the 4 patients with angioedema, 2 of which also developed shock. However, activation of HK was observed in all four patients with angioedema, the two patients with shock but no angioedema, as well as in 1 of the remaining 6 patients with anaphylactic symptoms other than angioedema or shock. Thus, activation products of the contact system may be involved in the pathogenesis of angioedema and shock in insect- sting anaphylaxis. 相似文献
78.
In the human promyelocytic cell line HL60, we observed both a strong procoagulant activity (PCA) on the cell membrane and proteolytic activity in the lysate of these cells. Because these cell-line cells are susceptible to differentiation to either a more mature granulocytic or monocytic form, we were able to study the hypothesis that the combination of PCA and proteolytic activity is confined to the promyelocyte. This may explain the severe coagulopathy seen in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cell differentiation in a myeloid direction induced by retinoic acid or DMSO led to a diminished PCA, while not affecting the fibrinolytic activity. On the other hand, monocytic differentiation obtained by culturing the cells in the presence of 1; 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 led to the complete disappearance of the proteolytic activity of the cell lysate, although the procoagulant activity was still present. Furthermore, we found that the elastase activity almost disappeared after monocytic differentiation. We also studied the PCA, proteolytic activity, and elastase activity of blast cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Only in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia did we observe both a strong PCA and fibrinolytic activity. This supports our hypothesis that the combination of these activities is unique to the promyelocyte and may explain the observed bleeding complications in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. 相似文献
79.
A patient, CAL, with gamma heavy chain disease is presented who has had a complete remission lasting over 2 yr with combination chemotherapy consisting of pulsatile cyclophosphamide and prednisone. The patient exhibited many features of an atuoimmune process including a vasculitis, low serum complement levels, a positive antiglobulin (Coombs) test, Raynaud's phenomenon, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The CAL paraprotein was found to have several previously undescribed characteristics. It reacted with antisera to Fd, Fab, and Fab', suggesting that most of the Fd portion of the molecule was intace. CAL protein consists of two polypeptide chains of molecular weight 49,000 covalently linked to form a dimer of 95,000 molecular weight. The covalent linkage suggests that the hinge region of this gamma heavy chain is intact. 相似文献
80.
Domen J; van der Lugt NM; Laird PW; Saris CJ; Clarke AR; Hooper ML; Berns A 《Blood》1993,82(5):1445-1452
The mouse Pim-1 gene encodes two cytoplasmic serine-threonine-specific protein kinases. The gene has been found to be activated (overexpressed) by retroviral insertion in hematopoietic tumors in mice. Transgenic mice that overexpress Pim-1 (E mu-Pim-1) have a low incidence of spontaneous T-cell lymphomas and an increased susceptibility to Moloney murine leukemia virus and N-ethyl-N- nitrosourea-induced lymphomas. Apart from a slight enlargement of the spleen, no abnormalities were found in prelymphomatous transgenic mice. Inactivation of the Pim-1 gene in the germline of mice resulted in mice with a surprisingly subtle phenotype. Therefore, we investigated whether subtle effects of the absence of Pim-1 could be made visible during in vitro culturing of hematopoietic cells. We found that bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) lacking Pim-1 had a distinct growth disadvantage when grown on interleukin (IL)-3, but not when stimulated by the factors IL-4, IL-9, or Steel factor (SF). This indicates a role for Pim-1 as a modulator of the IL-3 signal transduction pathway. 相似文献