Age-related total gray matter and white matter changes in normal adult brain. Part I: volumetric MR imaging analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A technique of segmenting total gray matter (GM) and total white matter (WM) in human brain is now available. We investigated the effects of age and sex on total fractional GM (%GM) and total fractional WM (%WM) volumes by using volumetric MR imaging in healthy adults. METHODS: Fifty-four healthy volunteers (22 men, 32 women) aged 20-86 years underwent dual-echo fast spin-echo MR imaging. Total GM, total WM, and intracranial space volumes were segmented by using MR image-based computerized semiautomated software. Volumes were normalized as a percentage of intracranial volume (%GM and %WM) to adjust for variations in head size. Age and sex effects were then assessed. RESULTS: Both %GM and %WM in the intracranial space were significantly less in older subjects (> or =50 years) than in younger subjects (<50 years) (P <.0001 and P =.02, respectively). Consistently, %GM decreased linearly with age, beginning in the youngest subjects. %WM decreased in a quadratic fashion, with a greater rate beginning only in adult midlife. Although larger GM volumes were observed in men before adjustments for cranium size, no significant differences in %GM or %WM were observed between the sexes. CONCLUSION: GM volume loss appears to be a constant, linear function of age throughout adult life, whereas WM volume loss seems to be delayed until middle adult life. Both appear to be independent of sex. Quantitative analysis of %GM and %WM volumes can improve our understanding of brain atrophy due to normal aging; this knowledge may be valuable in distinguishing atrophy of disease patterns from characteristics of the normal aging process.     

不同胎龄胎儿皮肤和增生性瘢痕中细胞外信号调节激酶5及MAPKK基因表达的变化

目的　探讨细胞外信号调节激酶 5 (extracellular signalregulatedproteinkinase 5 ,ERK5 )及其上游信号分子MAPKK(MEK5 )在不同胎龄的胎儿皮肤和不同形成时期的增生性瘢痕中的基因表达变化规律。方法　用病理学技术检测不同发育时期的皮肤和增生性瘢痕的结构特征后 ,提取 18例不同胎龄 (13～ 32周 )的胎儿皮肤、6例少儿皮肤、16例不同发生时期的增生性瘢痕 (4个月～ 11年 )和 8例正常皮肤组织的总RNA后 ,用RT PCR方法检测ERK5和MEK5在不同组织中的表达变化特征。结果　随着胎龄的增加 ,胎儿皮肤中ERK5和MEK5基因表达水平逐渐降低 ;而在少儿皮肤中 ,基因的转录本含量明显减少 (P <0 0 5 )。在正常皮肤和不同形成时期的增生性瘢痕中 ,MEK5基因表达水平相近 ,而ERK5基因在正常皮肤中的表达水平较低 ,在增殖期和成熟期瘢痕中表达水平明显增强 (P <0 0 1)。结论　在早期妊娠胎儿皮肤中ERK5和MEK5基因的高表达可能是胎儿皮肤创面无瘢痕愈合的机制之一 ,而增生性瘢痕发生和形成也可能与这两种基因表达增强有关。     

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目的总结胰岛素瘤的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析1983～2002年收治的128例胰岛素瘤的临床资料。结果肿瘤局部摘除术适用于75.8％的病人；胰瘘是胰岛素瘤手术后最常见的并发症。结论胰岛素瘤的手术方式应该根据病变的性质、部位、数量等因素决定；必要的术前定位检查有助于术中选择合理的手术方式。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩多因素分析

目的 :对经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)后膀胱颈挛缩 (BNC)发生的各种可能因素进行分析 ,探讨减少该并发症的途径。　方法 :对 10 17例行TURP患者中发生BNC的 2 4例进行统计学分析 ,在手术方法、前列腺电切重量、单位时间前列腺组织电切重量、置管时间、高频发生器类型及有无糖尿病、尿潴留及前列腺炎等方面进行比较 ,了解其可能发生的因素。　结果 :TURP术后BNC发生率明显高于开放手术病例 ,小前列腺、单位电切时间长、高频发生器功率大及术前前列腺炎患者易发生BNC(P <0 .0 5 ) ,而术前尿潴留、糖尿病及术后置管时间对BNC发生无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :小前列腺、前列腺炎及电流损伤是发生BNC的重要因素 ,患者的选择及熟练精确的电切技术可减少BNC的发生。     

pCDNA3.0载体介导METH1基因对人脐静脉内皮细胞生长的抑制

目的研究METH1基因对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)体外生长的抑制作用。方法构建真核表达载体pCDNA3.0-METH1,转染肝癌细胞系HepG2中。体外扩增HUVEC,采用MTT法检测HepG2/METH1及HepG2培养的上清对HUVEC增殖的影响。结果成功的构建了真核表达载体pCDNA3.0-METH1,并在HepG2中稳定表达。MTT法结果显示与对照组相比,HepG2/METH1组对HUVEC增殖有明显的抑制作用,并呈剂量依赖性(P<0.01);而HepG2组对HUVEC增殖有明显的促进作用,呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论pCDNA3.0-METH1对HUVEC体外生长具有明显的抑制作用,提示METH1对瘢痕内血管的抑制治疗具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty Combined with Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment and Prevention of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

ABSTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) combined with zoledronic acid (aclasta) in the treatment and prevention of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Method: A total of 104 patients with OVCF were treated with PKP from February 15, 2014 to January 17, 2016. All patients were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, each group having 52 patients. All patients in the control group were treated with PKP. On the other hand, all patients in the experimental group were treated with PKP combined with aclasta. To evaluate the clinical efficacy, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone metabolism (N-MID and β-CTX) were evaluated during the follow-up period. Result: One week after operation, the value of VAS and ODI improved in both groups. One year after operation, these worsened rapidly in the control group but not in the experimental group. Six months and one year after operation, the BMD improved significantly but the bone metabolism decreased significantly in the experimental group. In contrast, the BMD and bone metabolism did not change in the control group. Moreover, four patients again suffered from OVCF in the control group, and three patients had fever symptoms in the experimental group during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that the clinical efficacy of PKP combined with aclasta in the treatment and prevention of OVCF is significant.     

基于基因表达综合数据库筛选调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病超高剂量率放疗敏感性的枢纽基因

目的 通过生物信息学方法对基因表达综合(GEO)数据库中超高剂量率(FLASH)放疗的数据进行分析,寻找参与调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病FLASH放疗敏感性的枢纽(Hub)基因。方法 从GEO数据库中下载和提取接受FLASH放疗恶性肿瘤基因表达谱芯片数据,采用R软件进行差异基因的筛选,并对这些基因进行生物学功能、信号传导通路等分析。通过STRING在线软件分析差异基因的蛋白质相互作用(PPI) 网络,Cytoscape插件筛选Hub基因。最后,应用肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)和GTEx数据库验证Hub基因在急性T淋巴细胞白血病中的表达情况。结果 自GEO数据库中获得GSE100718芯片数据,共有12 800个基因与急性T淋巴细胞白血病放疗敏感性相关。选择表达量显著改变的61个基因进行进一步分析,这些基因参与代谢、应激反应、免疫应答等生物学过程。主要涉及氧化磷酸化、未折叠蛋白应答、脂质代谢等信号转导通路。通过PPI分析筛选出的Hub基因及后续验证表明HSPA5及SCD参与调控FLASH放疗敏感性,且在合并TRD/LMO2融合基因的急性T淋巴细胞白血病中显著高表达。结论 通过生物信息学分析可以有效筛选出调控FLASH放疗敏感性的Hub基因,基因表达谱可用于指导肿瘤患者分层以实现精准放疗。     

滑车上动脉的影像学研究及在鼻再造术中的应用

目的通过颈内、外动脉造影对滑车上动脉分支血管进行影像学研究,并设计改良额部皮瓣行鼻再造术。方法选用30例成人颈内、外动脉造影资料进行血管三维成像,对滑车上动脉分支(肌支和皮支)进行研究,探讨滑车上动脉分支走行、层次以及与眶上动脉的交通情况。根据影像学检测结果临床应用滑车上动脉分支设计额部皮瓣对11例鼻缺损患者行鼻再造术。其中男7例,女4例;年龄15～48岁,平均23岁。鼻缺损范围3.0 cm×2.5 cm～5.0 cm×3.5 cm。结果颈内动脉造影和三维成像显示,30例滑车上动脉恒定出现,直径(0.9±0.6)mm;其中浅层皮支恒定出现,直径(0.7±0.3)mm;深层肌支4例缺失,直径(0.5±0.5)mm,走行于额肌间,长(32.0±6.2)mm,分支间互有交通并与眶上动脉亦有吻合。临床应用皮瓣均成活,无软骨外露,外形良好。术后经4个月～3年随访,鼻尖、鼻翼及鼻小柱外形接近正常,鼻高度和坡度适中,再造鼻质地弹性良好,鼻孔无狭窄,通气功能正常。结论影像学检测结果佐证了滑车上动脉存在恒定皮支,以其分支为血管蒂设计的额部皮瓣提高了鼻再造疗效。     

新生鼠皮肤细胞以小室法移植后构建毛囊发育模型

目的 构建一种简便、可靠、直观的毛囊发育模型以检测毛囊细胞的毛发诱导能力,探讨毛囊形态发生和周期循环的分子机制.方法 于裸鼠背部植入一开放小室,将新生C57BL/6鼠皮肤中的真皮和表皮细胞分离,并按一定的比例混合移植至小室内,1周后拆除小室,观察毛发形成及毛发拔除后的再生情况.结果 细胞移植后1周,创面湿润无明显收缩,中间有淡红色半透明组织形成.移植后2周,创面完全愈合.移植后3周有黑色毛发长出皮肤.移植后4周,浓密黑色毛发垂直于皮肤表面生长,石蜡切片HE染色见毛囊结构发育完整.毛发拔除后1周能够再生出新的毛发.细胞以不同的比例移植,真皮细胞数量为1 × 107、表皮细胞数量降至1 ×106时,毛囊重构的效率并无明显改变.表皮细胞数量为1×107、真皮细胞数量降至5×106或者更少时,再生毛发的数量明显减少,两者单独移植均无毛发生长.结论 新生鼠皮肤细胞以小室法移植后可以构建毛囊发育的完整模型,并可用于检测毛囊细胞的诱导能力,以研究毛囊形态的发生和周期循环的分子机制.