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Jessica C Fanzo Matthew M Graziose Klaus Kraemer Stuart Gillespie Jessica L Johnston Saskia de Pee Eva Monterrosa Jane Badham Martin W Bloem Alan D Dangour Richard Deckelbaum Achim Dobermann Patrizia Fracassi SM Moazzem Hossain John Ingram Johann C Jerling CJ Jones Stefanus Indrayana Jap Lynnda Kiess Quinn Marshall Keith Martin Anuradha Narayan Mary Amuyunzu-Nayamongo Fré Pepping Keith P West 《Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)》2015,6(6):639-647
Nearly all countries in the world today are burdened with malnutrition, manifesting as undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and/or overweight and obesity. Despite some progress, efforts to alleviate malnutrition are hampered by a shortage in number, skills, and geographic coverage, of a workforce for nutrition. Here, we report the findings of the Castel Gandolfo workshop, a convening of experts from diverse fields in March 2014 to consider how to develop the capacity of a global cadre of nutrition professionals for the post-2015 development era. Workshop participants identified several requirements for developing a workforce for nutrition, including an ability to work as part of a multisectoral team; communication, advocacy, and leadership skills to engage decision makers; and a set of technical skills to address future challenges for nutrition. Other opportunities were highlighted that could immediately contribute to capacity development, including the creation of a consortium to link global North and South universities, online training modules for middle managers, and practical, hands-on experiences for frontline nutrition workers. Institutional and organizational support is needed to enable workshop recommendations on education and training to be effectively implemented and sustained. The findings from the Castel Gandolfo workshop can contribute to the delivery of successful nutrition-relevant actions in the face of mounting external pressures and informing and attaining the forthcoming Sustainable Development Goals. 相似文献
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Watterberg KL Shaffer ML Garland JS Thilo EH Mammel MC Couser RJ Aucott SW Leach CL Cole CH Gerdes JS Rozycki HJ Backstrom C 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》2005,90(12):6380-6385
CONTEXT: Various cosyntropin doses are used to test adrenal function in premature infants, without consensus on appropriate dose or adequate response. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the cortisol response of extremely low birth weight infants to different cosyntropin doses and evaluate whether these doses differentiate between groups of infants with clinical conditions previously associated with differential response to cosyntropin. DESIGN: The design was a prospective, nested study conducted within a randomized clinical trial of low-dose hydrocortisone from November 1, 2001, to April 30, 2003. SETTING: The setting was nine newborn intensive care units. PATIENTS: The patients included infants with 500-999 g birth weight. INTERVENTION: The drug used was cosyntropin, at 1.0 or 0.1 microg/kg, given between 18 and 28 d of birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We measured the cortisol response to cosyntropin. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-six infants were tested. Previous hydrocortisone treatment did not suppress basal or stimulated cortisol values. Cosyntropin, at 1.0 vs. 0.1 microg/kg, yielded higher cortisol values (P < 0.001) and fewer negative responses (2 vs. 21%). The higher dose, but not the lower dose, showed different responses for girls vs. boys (P = 0.02), infants receiving enteral nutrition vs. not (P < 0.001), infants exposed to chorioamnionitis vs. not (P = 0.04), and those receiving mechanical ventilation vs. not (P = 0.02), as well as a positive correlation with fetal growth (P = 0.03). A response curve for the 1.0-microg/kg dose for infants receiving enteral nutrition (proxy for clinically well infants) showed a 10th percentile of 16.96 microg/dl. Infants with responses less than the 10th percentile had more bronchopulmonary dysplasia and longer length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: A cosyntropin dose of 0.1 microg/kg did not differentiate between groups of infants with clinical conditions that affect response. We recommend 1.0 microg/kg cosyntropin to test adrenal function in these infants. 相似文献
77.
Ultrasound guidance for medical thoracoscopy: a novel approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hersh CP Feller-Kopman D Wahidi M Garland R Herth F Ernst A 《Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases》2003,70(3):299-301
BACKGROUND: Commonly, a pneumothorax is induced before medical thoracoscopy to facilitate safe entry into the pleural space. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the use of transthoracic ultrasound to locate a safe entry site for trocar placement during medical thoracoscopy without induction of a preprocedure pneumothorax. METHOD: The study was designed as a prospective cohort study, performed in the setting of a tertiary care hospital with an active interventional pulmonology program. It included 20 consecutive patients referred for medical thoracoscopy. RESULTS: Ultrasound identified entry sites in all 20 patients. All sites were successfully used, despite the presence of adhesions in 3 patients. There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound could safely and reliably identify entry sites for trocar placement during medical thoracoscopy, even in patients with pleural adhesions. The use of ultrasound may replace the practice of pneumothorax induction before medical thoracoscopy. 相似文献
78.
H W Schnaper E D Freis R G Friedman W T Garland W D Hall J Hollifield A K Jain P Jenkins A Marks F G McMahon 《Archives of internal medicine》1989,149(12):2677-2681
Among 447 hypertensive patients, most with a history of diuretic-induced hypokalemia, 252 developed diuretic-induced hypokalemia while receiving hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg/d. In a randomized study we evaluated the efficacy of three drug regimens in restoring potassium levels while maintaining blood pressure control: hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/d) plus potassium supplement (20 mmol/d); hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/d) plus potassium supplement (40 mmol/d); or hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/d) with triamterene (75 mg/d) in one combination tablet. In all groups, mean serum levels of potassium rose within 1 week and showed no further change thereafter. However, the hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide plus 40 mmol of potassium regimens were significantly more effective in restoring serum potassium levels than was the hydrochlorothiazide plus 20 mmol of potassium regimen. A significant increase in magnesium levels was observed only in the group treated with the hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene combination. Each regimen provided continued control of mild to moderate hypertension. 相似文献
79.
Garland Castaneda Taft Bhuket Benny Liu Robert J. Wong 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(1):5-8
Aims
Better understanding risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) will allow early targeted intervention to mitigate long term risk. We aim to determine the disparate impact of each individual MetS component on overall risk of developing MetS, stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and age.Methods
Using data from the 2003–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), MetS prevalence among adults (age ≥18) was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and by individual MetS components (e.g. hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), waist circumference, serum high density lipoprotein (HDL), serum triglycerides (TG). Mutlivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the disparate impact of each risk factor on MetS risk.Results
Overall MetS prevalence was 33.3%, with the highest prevalence among older individuals, among women, and among Hispanics. When stratified by each individual component of MetS, low serum HDL was the strongest predictor of MetS risk overall and among both men and women, among all race/ethnic groups, and among all age groups (overall: OR 20.1, 95% CI 18.6–21.7). While presence of DM also increased an individual’s risk of MetS, DM was the weakest predictor of MetS.Conclusions
Among U.S. adults, low serum HDL carries the strongest risk in predicting development of MetS. This effect was seen among men and women, among all race/ethnic groups, and among all age groups, highlighting the importance of low serum HDL as a marker of MetS risk. 相似文献80.
C K Fairley S Chen S N Tabrizi M A Quinn J J McNeil S M Garland 《The Journal of infectious diseases》1992,165(6):1103-1106
Assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection usually requires a speculum examination to collect genital specimens. A technique using tampons as a patient-administered method for the collection of specimens was studied by dot blot hybridization (HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tampons and cervical scrapes were collected from 48 consecutive women attending a dysplasia clinic. Tampons provided a significantly larger pellet volume (P less than .002) and more DNA (P less than .01) than scrapes. There was a close correlation when samples were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA. Using dot blot hybridization, 8 cervical scrapes (17%) and 9 tampons (19%) were positive for HPV DNA (90% correlation). By PCR, 35 cervical scrapes (73%) and 33 tampons (69%) were positive for HPV DNA (88% correlation). Thus, tampon specimens are an easy method for assessment of genital HPV infection. 相似文献