肾上腺腺瘤的CT表现

目的:探讨肾上腺腺瘤的CT平扫及动态增强后的特征表现。方法:对35例肾上腺占位的患者资料进行回顾性分析,计算其平扫CT值、相对廓清率及绝对廓清率。然后行统计学分析。结果:有完整资料的19例肾上腺肿瘤中,腺瘤8例,非腺瘤11例。腺瘤的平扫CT值≤10HU的有7例,相对廓清率≥60%和绝对廓清≥40%分别为5例和4例;非腺瘤平扫CT值>10HU的有11例,相对廓清率≥60%和绝对廓清≥40%分别为1例。结论:可采用平扫CT值≤10HU,相对廓清率≥60%或绝对廓清率≥40%作为肾上腺腺瘤与非腺瘤的鉴别阈值。     

颅内压增高及甘露醇治疗患者的脑血流动力学变化

目的　研究颅内压增高患者的脑血流动力学变化特征 ,并探讨TCD和甘露醇对患者的诊断治疗作用。方法　对 4 0例颅内压增高患者进行TCD检测 ,其中 15例行甘露醇治疗前后动态观察。结果　颅内压增高患者脑血流速度 (Vd ,Vs)减慢 ,血管阻力参数值 (PI ,RI)增大 ,甘露醇治疗后各检测参数明显改善 ,并以舒张期流速及脉动指数为著。结论　根据脑血流动力学的特征性改变 ,结合试验性甘露醇治疗 ,TCD为无创性诊断和动态观察颅内压增高提供了依据     

高温致金黄地鼠神经管畸形的上调表达基因筛选及其鉴定

目的:筛选高温致金黄地鼠神经管畸形的上调表达基因,探讨其分子生物学机制。方法:通过抑制性消减杂交技术获得消减产物,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,构建高温致金黄地鼠胚胎神经管畸形的消减cDNA文库;联合蓝白斑和菌落PCR方法筛选含插入片段的阳性克隆,进行测序和同源性分析,并经Northern杂交技术检测基因的表达。结果:成功构建高温致金黄地鼠胚胎神经管畸形的消减cDNA文库,其中2个克隆插入片段的基因序列与小鼠磷酸甘油酸酯激酶(Pgk-1)同源。Northern杂交证实该基因在高温致畸胚胎神经管的表达较其在同龄正常胚胎神经管明显升高。结论:Pgk-1的上调表达可能与高温致神经管畸形密切相关。     

颈交感神经干离断对应激大鼠NO及胃粘膜血流量的影响

目的研究颈交感神经干离断(TCST)对浸水大鼠胃粘膜血流量(GMBF)的影响。方法30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为三组,每组10只。Ⅰ组为正常对照组;Ⅱ组为浸水对照组;Ⅲ组为TCST后浸水组。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组将大鼠颈交感神经干暴露、分离,不离断;Ⅲ组TCST并将断端结扎。将Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大鼠垂直浸水[水温(23±1)℃]至剑突水平,6 h后取出,测定各组GMBF,评价粘膜损伤程度。硝酸还原酶法测定血清及胃粘膜一氧化氮(NO)含量。结果Ⅱ组胃粘膜见出血及糜烂,Ⅲ组粘膜损伤程度显著轻于Ⅱ组;Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较,GMBF显著升高,两者分别为(130.0±14.5)和(68.9±12.7)pu(P<0.01);Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的溃疡指数(UI)分别为50.1±12.3和26.6±9.4(P<0.01);Ⅱ组大鼠的血清及胃粘膜的NO值显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01);Ⅲ组的血清NO值与Ⅱ组比较显著减少(P<0.01)。结论TCST可增加浸水应激大鼠的GMBF,对胃粘膜损伤有保护作用;其机制可能有NO的参与。     

The remedial effect of soluble interleukin-1 receptor type Ⅱ on endometriosis in the nude mouse model

Objective： Recent studies have shown that the local expression of soluble interleukin （IL） -1 receptor type Ⅱ （slL-1 R Ⅱ ） in endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis is decreased, and the depression of IL-1 R Ⅱ was more significant in infertile women than that in fertile women with endometriosis. In this research, we investigated the remedial effect of slL-1-R Ⅱ administration on endometriosis in the nude mouse model. Methods： Nineteen nude model mice with endometriosis were randomly divided into three groups： group A was treated by intraperitoneal administration with only slL-1 R Ⅱ for two weeks, group B was similarly treated with only IL- 1, and group C （control） was administered saline. After 2 weeks, the size of the ectopic endometrial lesions was calculated, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and B-cell lymphoma leukemia-2 （Bcl- 2） were detected by immunohistochemistry. The IL-8 and VEGF levels in the peritoneal fluid （PF） and serum were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results： The mean size of ectopic endometrial lesion did not differ between the three groups （P 〉 0.05）. Compared with the control, the expression of VEGF and Bcl-2 was significantly lower in group A, and higher in group B. In the three groups, the levels of IL-8 in the PF and serum were highest in group A, and lowest in group B. Conclusion： slL-1 R Ⅱ may suppresse hyperplasia of ectopic endometriosis, perhaps by reducing the expression of certain cytokines, such as VEGF, IL-8, and Bcl-2, which could provide a new clinical strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.     

Differential effects of cyclosporine A, methylprednisolone, mycophenolate, and rapamycin on CD154 induction and requirement for NFkappaB: implications for tolerance induction

BACKGROUND: Recent experimental data indicate that the targeting of the costimulatory molecule CD40-ligand (CD154) may well offer an opportunity for tolerance induction in transplant recipients and patients with autoimmune diseases, although the optimal therapeutic strategy for clinical application of CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is unclear. METHODS: We undertook vascularized heterotopic cardiac allograft transplantation in completely MHC-mismatched mice, treated recipients with CD154 mAb plus various immunosuppressive agents, and performed flow cytometric analysis of CD154 expression by T cells activated in vitro in the presence of corresponding immunosuppressive agents. We also tested the extent to which CD154 induction was NFkappaB-dependent by using NFkappaB/p50-deficient mice as allograft recipients and as source of cells for in vitro studies of CD154 induction, and through use of proteasome inhibitors to block IkappaBalpha degradation and NFKB activation in wild-type mice. RESULTS: Concomitant use of cyclosporin A or methylprednisolone, but not rapamycin or mycophenolate, inhibited CD154 mAb-induced allograft survival. The differential effects of these agents on CD154 mAb-induced tolerance correlated with their capacity to inhibit activation-induced CD154 expression on CD4+ T cells. Full expression of CD154 expression was found to require NF-kappaB activation, and CD154 mAb was ineffective in NF-kappaB/p50 deficient allograft recipients or control mice in which NF-kappaB activation was blocked by proteasome inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to use CD154 mAb clinically must take into account the effects of immunosuppressive agents on CD154 induction, which seems to be at least partially NF-kappaB dependent. Our data suggest that ligation of surface-expressed CD154 provides an important signal that modulates T cell activation and thereby contributes to the effects of CD154 mAb, in addition to previously recognized actions involving blockade of CD40/CD154-dependent cell activation and activation-induced cell death.     

融合功能磁共振影像的神经导航在脑皮质运动区肿瘤术中的应用

目的　探讨功能磁共振成像 (fMRI)的血液氧饱和水平检测 (BOLD)技术在脑皮质运动区肿瘤神经导航术中的应用价值。方法　将 5 8例脑肿瘤随机分组为试验组和对照组 ,试验组 30例 ,对照组 2 8例。肿瘤涉及第一运动区 (PMA) 18例 ;运动前区 (PM) 18例 ;第一运动感觉区 (PMSA) 11例 ;第一感觉区 (PSA) 9例 ;辅助运动区 (SMA) 2例。试验组运用手运动激发模式 ,行BOLD成像定位皮质运动区 ,并与MR的导航序列影像融合 ,应用于神经导航 ;对照组采用常规MR影像导航。结果　试验组肿瘤全切率为 86 7% ,对照组为 6 0 7% ,P <0 0 5。试验组术后患侧肢体肌力为 4 3度±1 1度 ,对照组为 2 5度± 1 9度 ,P <0 0 0 1。试验组术后致瘫率为 2 3 3% ,对照组为 71 4 %。试验组远期预后Karnofsky评分 (KPS)为 88± 2 7,对照组为 6 5± 32 ,P <0 0 1。结论　应用融合BOLD影像的神经导航术 ,可实现个体化、实时、精确地定位肿瘤及毗邻的脑皮质运动区 ,提高全切率 ,降低术后致瘫率。