Network pharmacology explores the mechanisms of Eucommia ulmoides cortex against postmenopausal osteoporosis

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) has become one of most frequent chronic disease worldwide with aging population. Eucommia ulmoides cortex (EU), a traditional Chinese medicine, has long since been used to treat PMOP. The aim of this study is to explore pharmacological mechanisms of EU against PMOP through using network pharmacology approach.The active ingredients of EU were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology database, and target fishing was performed on these ingredients in UniProt database for identification of their relative targets. Then, we screened the targets of PMOP using GeneCards database and DisGeNET database. The overlapping genes between PMOP and EU were obtained to performed protein–protein interaction, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes, and genomes analysis.Twenty-eight active ingredients were identified in EU, and corresponded to 207 targets. Also, 292 targets were closely associated with PMOP, and 50 of them matched with the targets of EU were considered as therapeutically relevant. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested that EU exerted anti-PMOP effects via modulating multiple biological processes including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis revealed several pathways, such as PI3K-AKT pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors-1 pathway, tumor necrosis factor pathway, and interleukin-17 pathway that might be involved in regulating the above biological processes.Through the method of network pharmacology, we systematically investigated the mechanisms of EU against PMOP. The multi-targets and multi-pathways identified here could provide new insights for further determination of more exact mechanisms of EU.     

Prevalence and comorbidities of bronchiolitis in adults: A population-based study in South Korea

Bronchiolitis generally refers to inflammation and/or fibrosis of the non-cartilaginous small airways located approximately from the 8th airway generation down to the terminal and respiratory bronchioles. In contrast to young children, the frequency of small airway infection in adult bronchiolitis appears less frequent and a number of other pathophysiological conditions have been implicated in adult bronchiolitis. However, little information is available on the exact medical burden of bronchiolitis such as its prevalence and comorbidities in the adult population. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prevalence and comorbidities of bronchiolitis. We used the Korea National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, which provides data for 1,000,000 individuals out of the entire population by 2% stratified random sampling according to age, sex, residential area, and level of household income. We defined the cause of bronchiolitis other than acute infection as a patient with diagnostic code J448 or J684 and over 20 years of age who visited a clinic or hospital in South Korea. Then, 1:1 propensity score matching was performed to define a non-bronchiolitis (control) group to compare the comorbidities and mortality in the 2 groups. The overall prevalence of bronchiolitis was 688 cases/1,000,000 population during the study period (95% confidence interval, 625–751). The most common comorbid clinical condition in adults with bronchiolitis was rhinitis (52.3%), followed by bronchial asthma (52.23%), hypertension (43.69%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (30.56%), sinusitis (28.72%), diabetes (22.77%), and osteoporosis (17.85%). Other common bronchiolitis-associated comorbidities were cerebrovascular disease (16.86%), angina (14.37%), peripheral vascular disease (13.42%), congestive heart failure (11.9%), and malignancy in any organ (10.6%). Healthcare costs for bronchiolitis increased steeply during the same period. Malignancy in any organ was the leading cause of mortality in the patient group, followed by bronchiolitis itself. Further larger prospective multiethnic cohort studies should be carried out in the near future.     

Effect of Bi,Sb, and Ti on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SAC105 Alloys

The Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder alloys with a low Ag (Ag < 3 wt.%) content have attracted great attention owing to their low cost, increased ability in bulk compliance, and plastic energy dissipation. However, some of their mechanical properties are generally lower than the SAC alloys with a higher Ag content. Adding alloying elements is an effective approach for improving the mechanical properties of the SAC alloys. In this study, the effect of Bi, Sb, and Ti on Sn-1 wt.%Ag-0.5 wt.%Cu (SAC105) solder alloys was investigated. The SAC solders with four compositions: SAC105-1 wt.%Bi, SAC105-1 wt.%Sb, SAC105-1 wt.%Bi-1 wt.%Sb, SAC105-1 wt.%Bi-1 wt.%Sb-0.4 wt.%Ti were prepared. The microstructure and phase compositions were characterized using electron scanning microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The thermal properties and wettability were also examined. Uniaxial tensile tests and nano-indentation tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The results show that adding Bi or Sb could increase the strength of SAC105 alloys mainly due to the solid solution strengthening effect. The creep resistance of SAC105 alloys was also improved with the additions of Bi and Sb. The co-additions of Bi and Sb into SAC105 alloys exhibit an enhanced creep resistance than that calculated by the theoretical calculation. The further addition of Ti into SAC105-1Bi-1Sb alloys demonstrated a much-improved creep resistance, which could be attributed to the synergistic effects of both solid solution strengthening and the precipitation hardening effects.     

羟氯喹致眼毒性的文献分析

摘 要 目的：探讨羟氯喹致眼毒性的发生规律和特点，以期为临床安全用药提供参考。方法：检索截止2018年7月国内外文献数据库关于羟氯喹致眼毒性的临床研究文献，通过文献筛选后，对纳入的文献进行数据的提取和分析，包括患者性别、年龄、人种、原患疾病、累积剂量、给药剂量、治疗后不良反应出现时间、眼毒性类型、转归、严重程度、合并用药及眼科病史等。 结果：共检索到17篇文献20例患者，其中女19例，男1例；60岁以下患者占70%；白种人居多；原发疾病为系统性红斑狼疮10例，类风湿关节炎5例和其他疾病5例。眼毒性类型以黄斑变性、视力下降和视网膜病变居多。12例患者在治疗5年后出现药品不良反应（ADR）；累积剂量低于1 000 g与超过1 000 g出现眼毒性的患者数各占一半；羟氯喹日剂量超过6.5 mg·kg·d-1的患者比例较高。20例患者中有3例症状持续无法缓解。严重不良反应患者3例（15%），其余为一般不良反应。结论：羟氯喹致眼毒性较为罕见，但可能出现严重的不可逆损害。白种人、女性、60岁以下、患有系统性红斑狼疮或类风湿关节炎、治疗时间超过5年、每日给药剂量超过6.5 mg·kg-1·d-1的患者可能较易出现眼毒性，临床需格外关注，使用前和用药期间应定期行眼科检查。     

超声检查和病理测量甲状腺乳头状癌肿瘤大小的对比研究

目的　比较超声检查和病理测量甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）肿瘤大小的差异,并分析其临床意义。方法　选取2012年6月～2014年6月杭州市第一人民医院收治的PTC 114例（共122枚癌灶）,所有癌灶大小先后通过术前超声检查和术后组织病理测量确定,采用Pearson相关分析、配对t 检验和Bland-Altman作图评价两种方法测量肿瘤大小的差异性和一致性。结果  Pearson相关显示两种方法测量的肿瘤最大径存在显著正相关（r =0.957,P =0.000）。配对t 检验显示肿瘤的超声最大径（8.24±5.06）mm与病理最大径（7.79±4.75）mm存在显著性差异。Bland-Altman分析显示,两种方法测量的肿瘤最大径的差值绝对值介于0～6.5 mm之间,平均（1.03±1.14）mm,差值的一致性界限（l imit s of agreement,LoA）为-2.41 mm～3.33 mm,LoA的95%置信区间为-2.87 mm～3.78 mm,LoA置信区间范围内差值的最大绝对值为2.9 mm。结论　超声检查和病理测量PTC的肿瘤大小存在显著差异,两者的一致性欠佳,临床实践中应引起重视。     

基于5-LOX体外代谢途径的火绒草抗炎活性部位筛选

目的:筛选火绒草中的抗炎活性部位。方法:采用系统溶剂法按照极性由低到高的顺序分离得到火绒草石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇萃取物、水提取物。采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)建立花生四烯酸(AA)的5-脂氧合酶(5-LOX)体外代谢途径,检测火绒草提取物抑制5-LOX活性的能力。结果:火绒草乙酸乙酯提取物对5-LOX活性有76.92%强度的抑制作用。结论:火绒草乙酸乙酯提取物具有较强的抗炎活性,可作为潜在的抗炎活性成分筛选药物。     

肾虚不孕中医药研究思路探析

目的 :分析肾虚型排卵障碍或着床失败引起的不孕的中医药研究的方法和思路。方法 :从卵泡生长发育相关因素如IGF - 1mRNA、EGFmRNA ,卵泡基质崩解相关因素如MMPsmRNA、PAmRNA、PAI- 1mRNA等相关因素 ,以及与着床粘附有关的内膜细胞整合素β3mRNA表达等角度 ,探讨中医药治疗不孕的可能分子机制 ,并且各因素之间存在互动关系。结果 :补肾或补肾化瘀方药可能通过促进卵泡发育成熟 ,并诱发成熟卵泡破裂 ,稳定子宫内膜有利于孕卵着床等角度防治不孕。结论 :中医药治疗排卵障碍或着床失败所致不孕具有传统优势 ,提取分离补肾或补肾化瘀方药有效成分 ,从分子水平探讨中药复方有效成分对各指标互动关系影响作用 ,不孕研究可能取得重要进展。     

阿奇霉素对COPD急性发作期患者组蛋白去乙酰化酶2表达影响

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者在急性发作期血液中白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)以及组蛋白去乙酰化酶2(HDAC2)表达.观察阿奇霉素、地塞米松等药物体外干预对COPD急性发作期(AECOPD)血液中炎症因子以及HDAC2表达影响.方法 COPD稳定期患者13例为对照组,抽取空腹静脉血5 ...