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Leukocyte recruitment and vascular injury in diabetic nephropathy 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Different types of activated leukocytes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of most kidney diseases from acute to chronic stages; however, diabetic nephropathy was not considered an inflammatory disease in the past. This view is changing now because there is a growing body of evidence implicating inflammatory cells at every stage of diabetic nephropathy. Renal tissue macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils produce various reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases, and growth factors, which modulate the local response and increase inflammation within the diabetic kidney. Although the precise mechanisms that direct leukocyte homing into renal tissues are not fully identified, it has been reported that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the chemokines CCL2 and CX3CL1 probably are involved in leukocyte migration in diabetic nephropathy. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment into the diabetic kidney and the involvement of immigrated immune cells in the damage to renal tissues. 相似文献
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A case of congenital orbital teratoma is presented with illustrations and discussion of typical radiographic features which may facilitate preoperative diagnosis and treatment. 相似文献
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T. D. East IV N. L. Pace D. R. Westenskow K. Lund 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1983,27(5):356-360
Differential lung ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves pulmonary gas exchange when used in the supportive care of patients with severe unilateral or asymmetrical lung disease. Once the provision of selective PEEP to the two lungs is accomplished, the best method of partitioning the tidal volume between the two lungs is unknown. Twelve mongrel dogs were given a unilateral hydrochloric acid (HCl) aspiration injury. A computer controlled differential lung ventilation system was used to ventilate four dogs with equal volumes to each lung, four dogs with equal driving pressure (end inspiratory pressure-PEEP) to each lung, and four dogs with equal end-tidal CO2 fraction from each lung. The respiratory rate was feedback controlled to maintain Paco2 at 4.67 kPa. The dogs were kept supine and ventilated with 30% O2 . Following injury, the PEEP was set at 0 kPa for 1 h. The dogs were then given 1.36 kPa and 2.72 kPa PEEP to the injured lung for 2 h in a cross-over fashion. The assignment of the tidal volume controller, the side of injury, and the PEEP sequence was random. Oxygen tension fell and pulmonary venous admixture increased after giving the HCl injury. In all three groups considered simultaneously, unilateral PEEP improved Pao2 and venous admixture. The equal tidal volume distribution was the only group to show a significant improvement in Pao2 at both PEEP increments (0 to 1.36 kPa and 2.72 kPa). There was a significant difference in tidal volume allocation between the three groups with the equal end-tidal and equal pause pressure groups only minimally ventilating the injured lung. With differential lung ventilation and unilateral PEEP, equal partitioning of tidal volume provides the highest Pao2 , compared to the other two methods of partitioning tidal volume. 相似文献
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Vasil'ev AV Shchelkanov MIu Dzharkenov AF Aristova VA Galkina IV L'vov DN Morozova TN Kovtunov AI Grenkova EP Zhernovoĭ AV Shatilova VP Slavskiĭ AA Petrenko MS Chirkizov PF Dybal' VD Leont'ev EA Gabbasov FB Odolevskiĭ EA Ibragimov RM Idrisova RZ Sokolova NN Artiukh NP Andreeva NI Bondarev AD Deriabin PG Gromashevskiĭ VL Nepoklonov EA Aliper TI L'vov DK 《Voprosy virusologii》2005,50(6):36-41
Sera sampled from 2,884 farming animals in the Astrakhan region in 2001 to 2004 were investigated by the hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) in order to indicate specific antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV). HIT-positive samples were investigated by the neutralization test (NT). WNV antibodies were detected in all the examined species of animals: horses (the proportion of positive tests throughout the observation averaged 9.8%; the agreement with NT results was 94.1%), cattle (6,4 and 72.%), camels (5.2 and 41.7%), pigs (3.1 and 75%), and sheep (2.2 and 57.1). Relationships between the environmental features of WNV in different natural zones, the infection rate, and the conditions of keeping farming animals in the Astrakhan region are analyzed. 相似文献