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81.
Edward M. Carroll David W. Foy Brooke J. Cannon Gail Zwier 《Journal of traumatic stress》1991,4(1):25-40
This paper reviews the empirical literature on the clinically significant problems found within families containing a member with post-traumatic stress disorder. Recommendations are made regarding specific instruments that can be useful for evaluating marital and familial adjustment. Assessment issues concerning the need to weigh historical relationship factors vis-á-vis the influences of a traumatized family member are discussed. A multiple-gating model is presented for assessing different aspects of family dysfunction, and suggestions for future research and clinical directions are offered. 相似文献
82.
M A Schulte 《Dermatology nursing / Dermatology Nurses' Association》1991,3(5):335-339
As the body's largest organ, the skin functions as the most important human communication organ, possessing communicative aspects of caring and healing of self and others. The program "Self-Care Activating Support" for psoriasis and other chronic skin disease is presented as an instrument for promoting health by dermatology nurses. 相似文献
83.
Growth Regulation of Thyroid and Thyroid Tumors in Humans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In a study of growth regulation of the human thyroid gland and thyroid tumors we investigated the impact of iodine and that
of the thyroid-specific growth-stimulating hormone TSH. Further studies included locally active growth factors such as the
epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and tissue transforming growth factors alpha and beta. In addition to
studies of growth regulation by the various growth factors in mostly normal thyrocytes, the impact of tumor-specific mutations
in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes was investigated. The results demonstrated distinct changes in tissue specificity
and sensitivity to external stimuli. This rather complex view on thyrocyte growth regulation may be confusing, but it describes
the biologic reality more precisely. Increased knowledge of the regulatory processes may lead to the development of new tumor-
and patient-specific therapeutic approaches, especially for preventing benign goiter recurrence and for treating follicular
and papillary thyroid cancers. 相似文献
84.
Association of SULT1A1 phenotype and genotype with prostate cancer risk in African-Americans and Caucasians. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Susan Nowell D Luke Ratnasinghe Christine B Ambrosone Suzanne Williams Terri Teague-Ross Lyndsey Trimble Gail Runnels Alindria Carrol Bridgett Green Angie Stone Don Johnson Graham Greene Fred F Kadlubar Nicholas P Lang 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2004,13(2):270-276
Exposure to heterocyclic amines may increase prostate cancer risk. Human sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) is involved in the bioactivation of some dietary procarcinogens, including the N-hydroxy metabolite of the food-borne heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b) pyridine. This study compares a polymorphism in the SULT1A1 gene, SULT1A1 enzyme activity, meat consumption, and the risk of prostate cancer in a population based case-control study. Prostate cancer patients (n = 464) and control individuals (n = 459), frequency matched on age and ethnicity, provided informed consent, answered a survey, and provided a blood sample. Platelets were isolated for phenotype analysis, and DNA was isolated from lymphocytes for genotype determination. Meat consumption was assessed using a dietary questionnaire. Caucasians homozygous for the SULT1A1*1 high activity allele were at increased risk for prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-2.68] compared with individuals homozygous for the low-activity allele. The association between SULT1A1 genotype and prostate cancer risk in African-Americans did not reach significance (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.46-5.62). When SULT1A1 activity was considered, there was a strong association between increased SULT1A1 activity and prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.8-5.1 and OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 3.0-8.3, for the second and third tertiles of SULT1A1 activity, respectively) compared with individuals in the low enzyme activity tertile. A similar association was also found in African-American patients, with ORs of 6.7 and 9.6 for the second and third tertiles of SULT1A1 activity (95% CI, 2.1-21.3 and 2.9-31.3, respectively). When consumption of well-done meat was considered, there was increased risk of prostate cancer (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.01-1.99 and OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.20-2.36 for the second and third tertiles, respectively). When SULT1A1 activity was stratified by tertiles of meat consumption, there was greater risk of prostate cancer in the highest tertile of meat consumption. These results indicate that variations in SULT1A1 activity contributes to prostate cancer risk and the magnitude of the association may differ by ethnicity and be modified by meat consumption. 相似文献
85.
n = 11, 52%), renovascular stenosis (n= 9, 43%) with concurrent renovascular hypertension (n= 5, 24%), and angina abdominalis (n= 7, 33%). Most patients had multiorgan vascular disease such as iliofemoral arterial occlusive disease (n= 14, 66%), coronary artery obstruction (n= 8, 38%), or obstruction of the carotid artery (n= 6, 28%). Risk factors did not differ between coral reef patients and those with other occlusive vascular diseases. All patients
were treated through vascular operations, including open thromboendarterectomy of the suprarenal (n= 9, 43%), infrarenal (n= 4, 19%), or supra- and infrarenal aorta (n= 8, 38%), and thromboendarterectomy of the following vessels: celiac artery (n= 7, 33%), superior mesenteric artery (n= 12, 57%), inferior mesenteric artery (n= 3, 14%), unilateral renal artery (n= 3, 14%), or bilateral renal artery (n= 9, 43%). Bypass reconstructions were performed in 39% (n= 8). A thoracoabdominal approach was used in 14 patients (67%) and a median laparotomy in 7 (33%). Our results show that
coral reef aorta is not confined to either gender. It appears most frequently in the context of general atherosclerotic disease
and patients benefit from timely diagnosis and operation before onset of severe, life-threatening visceral and renal complications. 相似文献
86.
Rebecca Troisi Nancy Potischman James M Roberts Gail Harger Nina Markovic Bernard Cole David Lykins Pentti Siiteri Robert N Hoover 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2003,12(5):452-456
Evidence suggests that adult cancer risk of hormonally related tumors may be influenced by the in utero environment, and most speculation on the biological mechanism has focused on the hormonal component. Epidemiological studies investigating the biological nature of pregnancy and maternal factors associated with offspring's cancer risk have relied on maternal hormone measurements. The degree to which maternal hormone levels represent the fetal environment, however, is not widely known. Pregnancy estrogen, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA-sulfate concentrations were measured in maternal and mixed umbilical cord sera from 86 singleton pregnancies. Spearman correlations between maternal and cord hormone levels generally ranged between 0.2 and 0.3. The correlation was 0.26 for estriol, the estrogen of highest concentration in pregnancy, and 0.27 for estradiol, the most biologically active estrogen. The correlations between mother and offspring for the estrogens and DHEA appeared similar for males and females, whereas there was a suggestion that the maternal-umbilical cord correlations for other androgens varied in magnitude by fetal sex, and all correlations appeared higher in pregnancies lasting <38 weeks compared with longer gestational lengths, although these stratified findings may have been attributable to chance. These data show a moderate degree of correlation in hormone concentrations between the maternal and fetal circulation. Studies using maternal hormone concentrations as a proxy for the fetal environment should consider the misclassification resulting with the use of this marker. 相似文献
87.
Carcinogenicity and DNA adduct formation observed in ACI rats after long-term treatment with madder root, Rubia tinctorum L 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Madder root, Rubia tinctorum L., is a traditional herbal medicine used
against kidney stones. Recently we reported that lucidin, a
hydroxyanthraquinone derivative present in this plant, is mutagenic in
bacteria and mammalian cells. We also demonstrated the formation of DNA
adducts in tissue culture and mice after treatment with this compound. To
elucidate the possible carcinogenicity of madder root, three groups of male
and female ACI rats received either a normal diet or a diet supplemented
with 1 or 10% drug for a total period of 780 days. Weight gain and
morbidity were not different among the three groups. Non- neoplastic
lesions related to the treatment were evident in the liver and kidneys of
both sexes. Moreover, dose-dependent increases in benign and malignant
tumour formation were observed in the liver and kidneys of treated animals.
32P-post-labelling analysis showed an increase in the overall level of DNA
adducts observed in the liver, kidney and colon of rats treated with 10%
madder root in the diet for 2 weeks. HPLC analysis of 32P-labelled DNA
adducts revealed a peak co-migrating with an adduct obtained after in vitro
treatment of deoxyguanosine-3'- phosphate with lucidin. These observations
suggest that the use of madder root for medicinal purposes is associated
with a carcinogenic risk.
相似文献
88.
Rita Azizi-Egrari Charlotte G. Neumann Linda B. Bourque Gail G. Harrison Marian D. Sigman 《Ecology of food and nutrition》2004,43(5):355-373
Associations between maternal nutritional factors including energy intake, body mass index, postpartum weight change, and anemia status and maternal-infant interactions were examined in 124 mother-infant pairs from a marginally malnourished, rural Kenyan population. Anemic mothers spent less time holding and caring for their infants than nonanemic mothers. Mothers who retained their pregnancy weight gain or were able to gain weight postpartum spent more time looking at their infants than mothers who lost weight postpartum. Maternal food intake per se was not associated with patterns of infant interaction. Lower birth weight infants were held more, cared for more, and looked at face-to-face more by their mothers. Older sisters tended to be more involved in infant interactions with higher birth weight infants. 相似文献
89.
E Ruth Plummer Mark R Middleton Christopher Jones Anna Olsen Ian Hickson Peter McHugh Geoffrey P Margison Gail McGown Mary Thorncroft Amanda J Watson Alan V Boddy A Hilary Calvert Adrian L Harris David R Newell Nicola J Curtin 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(9):3402-3409
PURPOSE: Temozolomide, a DNA methylating agent used to treat melanoma, induces DNA damage, which is repaired by O6-alkylguanine alkyltransferase (ATase) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent base excision repair. The current study was done to define the effect of temozolomide on DNA integrity and relevant repair enzymes as a prelude to a phase I trial of the combination of temozolomide with a PARP inhibitor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Temozolomide (200 mg/m2 oral administration) was given to 12 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were analyzed for PARP activity, DNA single-strand breakage, ATase levels, and DNA methylation. PARP activity was also measured in tumor biopsies from 9 of 12 patients and in PBLs from healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Temozolomide pharmacokinetics were consistent with previous reports. Temozolomide therapy caused a substantial and sustained elevation of N7-methylguanine levels, a modest and sustained reduction in ATase activity, and a modest and transient increase in DNA strand breaks and PARP activity in PBLs. PARP-1 activity in tumor homogenates was variable (828 +/- 599 pmol PAR monomer/mg protein) and was not consistently affected by temozolomide treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of temozolomide reported here are consistent with those documented in previous studies with temozolomide and similar drug, dacarbazine, demonstrating that a representative patient population was investigated. Furthermore, PARP activity was not inhibited by temozolomide treatment and this newly validated pharmacodynamic assay is therefore suitable for use in a proof-of-principle phase I trial a PARP-1 inhibitor in combination with temozolomide. 相似文献
90.
Phase II study of low-dose decitabine in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia resistant to imatinib mesylate. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jean-Pierre J Issa Vazganush Gharibyan Jorge Cortes Jaroslav Jelinek Gail Morris Srdan Verstovsek Moshe Talpaz Guillermo Garcia-Manero Hagop M Kantarjian 《Journal of clinical oncology》2005,23(17):3948-3956
PURPOSE: To determine the activity of decitabine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, in imatinib-refractory or intolerant chronic myelogenous leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients were enrolled in this phase II study (12 in chronic phase, 17 in accelerated phase, and six in blastic phase). Decitabine was administered at 15 mg/m2 intravenously over 1 hour daily, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. DNA methylation was measured using a LINE1 bisulfite/pyrosequencing assay. RESULTS: Complete hematologic responses were seen in 12 patients (34%) and partial hematologic responses in seven patients (20%), for an overall hematologic response rate of 54% (83% in chronic phase, 41% in accelerated phase, and 34% in blastic phase). Major cytogenetic responses were observed in six patients (17%), and minor cytogenetic responses were seen in 10 patients (29%) for an overall cytogenetic response rate of 46%. Median response duration was 3.5 months (range, 2 to 13+ months). Myelosuppression was the major adverse effect, with neutropenic fever in 28 (23%) of 124 courses of therapy. LINE1 methylation decreased from 71.3% +/- 1.4% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) to 60.7% +/- 1.4% after 1 week, 50.9% +/- 2.4% after 2 weeks, and returned to 66.5% +/- 2.7% at recovery of counts (median, 46 days). LINE1 methylation at the end of week 1 did not correlate with subsequent responses. However, at day 12, the absolute decrease in methylation was 14.5% +/- 3.0% versus 26.8% +/- 2.7% in responders versus nonresponders (P = .007). CONCLUSION: Decitabine induces hypomethylation and has clinical activity in imatinib refractory chronic myelogenous leukemia. We hypothesize that the inverse correlation between hypomethylation 2 weeks after therapy and response is due to a cell death mechanism of response, whereby resistant cells can withstand more hypomethylation. 相似文献