直接口腔显微镜诊断粘膜病的前瞻性研究

对于口腔粘膜疾病,常规临床口腔粘膜检查往往不能及时确诊,要确诊需活检作组织学病理检查,而活检部位的选择常带有主观性,不利于病变的检出。迄今为止,尚无一种简单可靠的方法能及时准确地查出粘膜病变性质, 作者根据妇科阴道镜的应用技术试用于口腔粘膜病变的检查,对35例患者作前瞻性研究,患者平均年龄60岁(37～86岁),同时测量病灶的大小并编号。这些患者的粘膜病变已作出各种临床诊断,如粘膜白斑,口腔苔藓或怀疑恶性病变。用蔡氏显微镜,焦距200mm镜头,放大8,12,20倍,镜头前装上     

Repeated dose inhaled budesonide versus placebo in the treatment of croup

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and tolerance of 12-hourly dosing with 2 mg 4 mL-1 of inhaled budesonide versus placebo in patients admitted to hospital with moderate/severe croup. METHOD: Eighty-two children hospitalised with croup received either 2 mg 4 mL-1 of budesonide or placebo 12 hourly (maximum four doses) via Ventstream nebuliser in a randomised, double-blind manner. Croup scores were performed at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h from initial nebulisation whilst the patient remained hospitalised. Follow-up assessments were made 1 and 3 days after discharge. RESULTS: Improvement was observed in the budesonide group over the 12-h dosing interval when compared to placebo (P = 0.04). Time to attain a significant clinical improvement was superior in the budesonide group (P = 0.01). Three days after discharge seven of 32 placebo-treated patients and one of 34 budesonide-treated patients had sought further medical follow-up (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Twelve-hourly dosing with inhaled budesonide significantly improved symptoms of croup as well as decreased relapse rates when compared with placebo.