全文获取类型
收费全文 | 421篇 |
免费 | 19篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 37篇 |
儿科学 | 8篇 |
妇产科学 | 6篇 |
基础医学 | 35篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 24篇 |
内科学 | 58篇 |
皮肤病学 | 16篇 |
神经病学 | 13篇 |
特种医学 | 109篇 |
外科学 | 49篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 3篇 |
眼科学 | 3篇 |
药学 | 43篇 |
肿瘤学 | 35篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1939年 | 3篇 |
1937年 | 5篇 |
1935年 | 12篇 |
1933年 | 15篇 |
1932年 | 7篇 |
1931年 | 8篇 |
1930年 | 5篇 |
1906年 | 3篇 |
1903年 | 5篇 |
1895年 | 2篇 |
1894年 | 3篇 |
1893年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有448条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
73.
Felicia Gerst Robert Wagner Gabriele Kaiser Madhura Panse Martin Heni Jürgen Machann Malte N. Bongers Tina Sartorius Bence Sipos Falko Fend Christian Thiel Silvio Nadalin Alfred Königsrainer Norbert Stefan Andreas Fritsche Hans-Ulrich Häring Susanne Ullrich Dorothea Siegel-Axel 《Diabetologia》2017,60(11):2240-2251
Aims/hypothesis
Obesity-linked ectopic fat accumulation is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Whether pancreatic and liver steatosis impairs insulin secretion is controversial. We examined the crosstalk of human pancreatic fat cells with islets and the role of diabetogenic factors, i.e. palmitate and fetuin-A, a hepatokine released from fatty liver.Methods
Human pancreatic resections were immunohistochemically stained for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and the macrophage/monocyte marker CD68. Pancreatic adipocytes were identified by Oil Red O and adiponectin staining. Primary pancreatic pre-adipocytes and differentiated adipocytes were co-cultured with human islets isolated from organ donors and the metabolic crosstalk between fatty liver and fatty pancreas was mimicked by the addition of palmitate and fetuin-A. Insulin secretion was evaluated by ELISA and RIA. Cytokine expression and secretion were assessed by RT-PCR and multiplex assay, respectively. Subcellular distribution of proteins was examined by confocal microscopy and protein phosphorylation by western blotting.Results
In human pancreatic parenchyma, highly differentiated adipocytes were detected in the proximity of islets with normal architecture and hormone distribution. Infiltration of adipocytes was associated with an increased number of CD68-positive cells within islets. In isolated primary pancreatic pre-adipocytes and differentiated adipocytes, palmitate and fetuin-A induced IL6, CXCL8 and CCL2 mRNA expression. Cytokine production was toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent and further accentuated in pre-adipocytes when co-cultured with islets. In islets, IL6 and CXCL8 mRNA levels were also increased by fetuin-A and palmitate. Only in macrophages within the isolated islets, palmitate and fetuin-A stimulated the production of the cytotoxic cytokine IL-1β. Palmitate, but not fetuin-A, exerted pro-apoptotic effects in islet cells. Instead, fetuin-A impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion in a TLR4-independent, but c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and Ca2+-dependent, manner.Conclusions/interpretation
These results provide the first evidence that fetuin-A-mediated metabolic crosstalk of fatty liver with islets may contribute to obesity-linked glucose blindness of beta cells, while fatty pancreas may exacerbate local inflammation.74.
Najib MQ Chaliki HP Raizada A Ganji JL Panse PM Click RL 《European journal of echocardiography》2011,12(11):E43
Pericardial cysts are most commonly located at the cardiophrenic angle or, rarely, in the posterior or anterior superior mediastinum. The majority of pericardial cysts are asymptomatic and are found incidentally. Symptomatic pericardial cysts present with dyspnoea, chest pain, or persistent cough. We describe four patients with symptomatic pericardial cysts who were treated with either echocardiographically guided percutaneous aspiration or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, or both; thoracotomy; or conservative therapy. 相似文献
75.
GT Terézhalmy AR Biesbrock PA Walters JM Grender RD Bartizek 《International journal of dental hygiene》2008,6(4):321-327
Abstract: Aim: To compare plaque removal efficacy of Oral‐B CrossAction (CA) used for 1 min with an American Dental Association (ADA) manual toothbrush used for 2 or 5 min in an examiner‐blind, three‐treatment, six‐period crossover study. Materials and methods: After refraining from all oral hygiene procedures for 23–25 h, subjects were randomly assigned to one of nine possible six‐period (visit) treatment sequences. Plaque was assessed at baseline (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index). Post‐brushing scores were recorded after brushing with a marketed dentifrice and the assigned toothbrush for the specified duration. The same procedure was followed at each of six subsequent visits. Clinical measurements were carried out by the same examiner. Results: Forty subjects completed the study. All three treatments effectively removed plaque from the whole mouth, along the gingival margin and from approximal surfaces. Whole mouth and gingival margin plaque removal scores with CA for 1 min did not differ significantly from scores with the ADA toothbrush used for 2 min. The ADA brush used for 5 min showed significantly greater whole mouth (P < 0.001) and gingival margin (P < 0.001) plaque reduction than the two other treatments. Approximal plaque removal scores did not differ between the three treatments. Conclusions: Efficient plaque removal can be achieved after 1 min of brushing with CA. The amount of plaque removed did not differ significantly from that achieved with the ADA brush after 2 min of brushing. Greater whole mouth and gingival margin plaque removal scores were seen with the ADA brush after 5 min. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
79.