Review article: urease, gastric ammonium/ammonia, and Helicobacter pylori — the past, the present, and recommendations for future research

The presence of ammonium in gastric contents was described in 1852; urease activity in the stomach was identified 70 years later. The discovery of gastric urease resulted in intense research activity to discover its origin, function, and relation to the gastric levels of ammonium and urea. Interest in urease waned in the 1960s as most pertinent questions appeared to have been addressed and there was strong evidence that gastric urease was not a property of the stomach but was of microbial origin. Identification of Helicobacter pylori as the source of urease in the stomach in the last decade has resulted in a rebirth of interest in gastric urease and its products.^1–15 There is little actual evidence to support a role for toxicity of ammonia in relation to H. pylori and the bulk of the evidence suggests that the products of urease activity are not toxic and may even be beneficial. The purpose of this review is to examine the older literature and to examine- new findings in the perspective of what is already known and to suggest areas remaining to be examined. We ask, ‘What is old, what is new, and what needs to be done?’     

3H-1,2-二氢-1-吡里酮衍生物的合成

发现3 H-1,2-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮具有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。用Friedel-Crafts酰化和Dieckmann缩合等反应制备了该酮的一些衍生物,其中五个未见于文献报道。药理实验证明,这些化合物均有不同程度的抗炎镇痛作用。     

改良第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复示中指中末节套脱伤

Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the clinical results of the modified reversed island flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) for repairing index or long finger degloving defects.Methods From May 2004 to January 2010, circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx of the index or long fingers in 17 patients were repaired by the modified reversed island flaps based on SDMA.The dorsal digital nerve in the flap was coapted to the severed proper digital nerve.The area of the flaps ranged from 2.5 cm × 5.6 cm to 5.0 cm × 6.5 cm.The donor sites were closed by skin graft.Results Postoperatively blister and necrosis of the distal flap occurred in 2 cases which was cured by dressing change.All the other flaps survived uneventfully.Primary healing of the flaps and donor sites was achieved.All 17 patients were follow-up for 4 to 27 months with an average of 15.3 months.The flaps were pliable, full but not bulky.Two-point discrimination was 7 to 11 mm (mean 8.6 mm).Hand function as judged by the total active range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 8 fingers, good in 7 fingers and fair in 2 fingers.The satisfactory rate was 88.2%.Conclusion Modified SDMA reversed island flap transfer with dorsal digital nerve coaptation is an ideal procedure to repair index or long finger degloving injuries.The area of the harvested flap is large enough to cover the circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx.The surgery is safe due to the reliable flap circulation.     

Twist、E-cadherin和β-catenin在肝细胞肝癌中的表达及其与预后的关系*

目的:探讨Twist、E-cadherin 和β-catenin 在肝细胞肝癌复发与转移中的作用及与预后的相关性。方法:以石蜡包埋组织切片,免疫组化SP法染色分别检测97例肝细胞肝癌,其中复发与转移组49例,非复发与转移组48例Twist、E-cadherin 和β-catenin 的表达情况。结果:复发、转移与性别、年龄无关（P=0.424,P=0.738）,与临床分期密切相关（P=0.000）。 复发与转移组Twist、β-catenin 表达高于无复发与转移组（P=0.000;P=0.000）,复发与转移组E-cadherin 表达低于无复发与转移组（P=0.027）。Twist,β-catenin 阳性组平均生存时间分别为（28.880 ± 3.285）、（ 31.477 ± 3.359）个月,中位生存时间分别为26、28个月,阴性组平均生存时间分别为（44.603 ± 3.521）、（ 42.009 ± 3.720）个月,中位生存时间分别49、45个月,Twist、β-catenin 阳性组生存期较阴性组缩短差别具有统计学意义（P=0.002,P=0.029）。 E-cadherin 阳性组平均生存时间为（44.514 ± 3.447）个月,中位生存时间为49个月,阴性组为（29.110 ± 3.581）个月,中位生存时间为25个月,E-cadherin 阳性组生存时间较阴性组延长有统计学意义（P=0.002）。 结论:Twist、β–catenin 过度表达,E-cadherin 表达缺失可能与HCC 复发转移、不良生存预后存在相关性。      

美国国家骨髓库20年回顾:成人无关供者造血干细胞移植

自1987年起,美国国家骨髓库(NMDP)提供了>30 000份URD-HCT,其中70%以上的受者是患有恶性血液病或获得性血液疾病的成人.在此期间发生很大变化,包括无偿捐献队伍的扩大、PBSCs采集、脐血库(UCB)的加入、HLA分型技术的进步、新药物的使用、低强度预处理(RIC)以及移植后免疫调节等.本文就过去20年NMDP成人受者HCT的数据及分析作一介绍.     

来比林镇痛复合液用于神经阻滞的临床研究

目的：探讨来比林（Aspegic)镇痛复合液用于神经阻滞的作用。方法：120例腰椎间盘突出症和颈椎病的患者随机分为四组。I组：对照组（30例）;Ⅱ组：来比林组（30例）;Ⅲ组：地塞米松组（30例）;Ⅳ组：来比林静滴组（30例）。Ⅰ－Ⅲ组患者均采用神经根或外周神经阻滞治疗,间隔3－4天治疗一次,一疗程4次。Ⅳ组患者用来比林静滴治疗,每天一次,7天为一疗程。各组治疗前后疼痛情况用VAS评估,并进行统计学处理。结果：（1）来比林组神经阻滞治疗后的镇痛效果明显优于对照组和来比林静滴组。（2）来比林组和地塞米松组神经阻滞治疗后镇痛效果无统计学差异。结论：来比林镇痛复合液用于神经阻滞治疗,镇痛效果优于单纯全身用药和常规局麻药镇痛复合液。来比林和地塞米松镇痛复合液比较,镇痛作用相似。     

反相高效液相色谱测定丹参注射剂的三种有效成分

本文用反相高效液相色谱法,采用离子抑制技术分离了丹参注射剂中三种有效成分:丹参素、原儿茶醛、原儿茶酸。并用外标法测定了它们在丹参注射液和复方丹参注射液中的含量。考察了Waters公司分析柱(3.9×300 mm)和径向加压柱(8×100 mm),以及国产色谱柱(5×150mm)分析样品,均能获得满意的结果。比较了用多通道紫外吸收检测器和254nm固定波长紫外检测器测定样品时灵敏度的差异。