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51.
Increased accuracy of renal allograft rejection diagnosis using combined perforin, granzyme B, and Fas ligand fine-needle aspiration immunocytology 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
BACKGROUND: Two major routes by which cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce apoptosis in target cells are the perforin-granzyme and the Fas ligand/Fas pathways. Intragraft expression of message for these immune activation genes has been shown to correlate very closely with clinical rejection. We have immunolabeled fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples using a panel of cytotoxic T-cell activation markers to evaluate the immunocytochemical identification of the protein products of these genes in the verification of human renal allograft rejection. METHODS: In this retrospective pilot study, 140 fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples from 50 human renal allografts were labeled using alkaline phosphatase/ anti-alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemistry incorporating monoclonal antibodies to perforin, granzyme B, and Fas ligand. Levels of positive labeling for these markers were compared with the original clinical diagnosis of rejection. RESULTS: An excellent correlation with clinical rejection was obtained when all three antibodies were positive. The false positive rate for each antibody was sufficient to make any one alone or in combination with one other unreliable for diagnosing rejection. When all three antibodies gave positive labeling, agreement with clinical rejection status was superior to using conventional morphological cytology. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to providing valuable morphological information regarding the composition of inflammatory leukocyte populations and the preservation status of renal parenchymal cells, fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples may be labeled using combined perforin, granzyme B, and Fas ligand immunocytochemistry to offer a safe and reliable method for diagnosing rejection with an excellent level of accuracy. 相似文献
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The hierarchical relationship between activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
A three-level hierarchical scale including IADL (shopping and transportation) and ADL (bathing, dressing, transferring, and feeding) was tested and validated based on secondary analysis of three studies of elders in the community: a population-based sample, the Cleveland-GAO, and two service-based samples, the Alternative Health Services Project, a study of Medicaid-eligible elders in Georgia, and the Section 222 Homemaker-Day Care study, a sample of Medicare-eligible elders. Scalability analysis included evaluation of Kronbach's alpha, Guttman analysis, and analysis of the pairwise association of individual items using phi/phi max. Validation included discriminant validity and predictive validity. With respect to discriminant validity, the negative association between functional ability (as measured by the scale) and age was observed. With respect to predictive validity, the negative relationship between functional ability (as measured by the scale) and risk of decline to ADL, death, and hospitalization in a year was observed. A six-level scale similar in structure and detail to the Katz Index of ADL was examined with the three studies. This scale can be used to described a broader range of needs of elders in the community and will be particularly useful to health services planners, practitioners, and researchers. 相似文献
56.
Thrombospondin mediates the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum- infected red cells to vascular endothelium in shear flow conditions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Rock EP; Roth EF Jr; Rojas-Corona RR; Sherwood JA; Nagel RL; Howard RJ; Kaul DK 《Blood》1988,71(1):71-75
Cerebral malaria is thought to involve specific attachment of Plasmodium falciparum-infected knobby red cells to venular endothelium. The nature of surface ligands on host endothelial cells that may mediate cytoadherence is poorly understood. We have investigated the effects of soluble thrombospondin, rabbit antiserum raised against thrombospondin, and human immune serum on cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes in ex vivo mesocecum vasculature. Preincubation of infected red cells with soluble thrombospondin or human immune serum inhibits binding of infected red cells to rat venular endothelium. Infusion of the microcirculatory preparation with rabbit antithrombospondin antibodies before perfusion of parasitized erythrocytes also resulted in decreased cytoadherence. In addition, incubation of infected cells with human immune sera obtained from malaria patients significantly inhibited the observed cytoadherence. Our results indicate that thrombospondin mediates binding of infected red cells to venular endothelium and may thus be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. 相似文献
57.
The role of IL-10 in the regulation of ocular autoimmune disease was
studied in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) elicited in mice by
immunization with the retinal antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid binding
protein. IL-10-deficient mice were susceptible to EAU, indicating that
pathogenesis can occur without presence of IL-10. Treatment of normal mice
with IL-10 for 5 days after uveitogenic immunization ameliorated subsequent
EAU scores, and down-regulated antigen-specific production of tumor
necrosis factor-alpha and IFN- gamma. A concomitant treatment with IL-4
further reduced disease, and resulted in emergence of antigen-specific IL-4
and IL-10 production, as well as in enhancement of the IgG1 antibody
isotype. IL-4 by itself was not protective. Only IL-10, but not IL-4, was
able to inhibit the function of differentiated uveitogenic T cells in
culture. Expression of mRNA for Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the eye during the
course of EAU showed that while a Th1 pattern predominated early, IL-10
mRNA expression coincided with down-regulation of the Th1 response and
resolution of EAU. Systemic neutralization of IL-10 during the expression
phase of EAU resulted in elevated disease scores. Our results suggest that
endogenous IL-10 limits expression of EAU and may play a role in the
natural resolution of disease. The data further suggest that exogenous
IL-10 may be useful in therapeutic control of autoimmune uveitis. While
IL-10 by itself is sufficient to suppress Th1 effector development and
function, a concomitant administration of IL-4 is required to shift the
autoimmune response towards a non-pathogenic Th2 pathway.
相似文献
58.
Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma: its evolution and relationship to other low- grade B-cell neoplasms 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma (MBCL) is a newly recognized B-cell neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. The cytologic features of the neoplastic monocytoid B lymphocytes are virtually identical to those of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). As with HCL, progression of MBCL to a higher histologic grade is very unusual. However, whereas circulating leukemic cells are a characteristic feature of HCL, peripheral blood involvement has not been reported in MBCL. We recently studied a patient with MBCL of the spleen and axillary lymph nodes who developed peripheral blood involvement by MBCL cells. Unlike the cells of HCL, the circulating MBCL cells exhibited strong acid phosphatase activity that was tartrate sensitive. The leukemic cells had the antigenic phenotype IgM lambda, CD20+, CD11c+, CD5-, CD25(TAC)-, and PCA-1-. Immunogenetic studies of both lymph node and peripheral blood cells revealed identical immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements. When compared with a series of HCL, the immunophenotype was similar except for the absence of PCA-1 and TAC. Progression of the MBCL to a large cell lymphoma, also expressing IgM lambda, was documented in an abdominal lymph node of this patient. Therefore, although rare, peripheral blood involvement by lymphoma cells may occur during the course of MBCL and should be distinguished from HCL with cytochemical and immunophenotypic studies. In addition, comparison of the clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of MBCL with those of other low-grade B-cell neoplasms suggests that a close lineage relationship exists between MBCL and HCL. 相似文献
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Rahul H. Rathod MD Michael Farias MS Kevin G. Friedman MD Dionne Graham PhD David R. Fulton MD Jane W. Newburger MD MPH Steven Colan MD Kathy Jenkins MD MPH James E. Lock MD 《Congenital heart disease》2010,5(4):343-353
The current tools to adequately inform the process of improving health-care delivery consist primarily of retrospective studies, prospective trials, and clinical practice guidelines. We propose a novel and systematic approach that bridges the gap of our current tools to affect change, provides an infrastructure to improve health-care delivery, and identifies unnecessary resource utilization. The objective of this special article is to introduce the rationale and methods for this endeavor entitled “Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plans” (SCAMPs). SCAMPs take a relatively heterogeneous patient population and through a process of iterative analysis and modification of standardized assessment and management algorithms, SCAMPs allow the intrinsic biologic variability in a patient population to emerge and be understood. SCAMPs can be used to complement our currently available tools in order to result in incremental and sustained improvement in health-care delivery. 相似文献