A meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans for hypertension: the National Heart,Lung and Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program

bACKGROUND: Four multicenter Networks (GenNet, GENOA, HyperGEN, SAPPHIRe) form the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP), to search for hypertension/blood pressure (BP) genes. The networks used different family designs and targeted multiple ethnic groups, using standardized protocols and definitions. Linkage genome scans were done on samples within each network (N = 6245 relatives). METHODS: The evidence was synthesized using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Combining ethnic groups, no region reached LOD >2, but several small peaks were identified, including chromosome 2p where two other recent reports find hypertension linkage. CONCLUSIONS: No regions show uniformly large effects on BP/hypertension in all populations.     

Apolipoprotein E and familial longevity

Exceptional longevity is associated with substantial heritability. The ?4 allele in apolipoprotein E and the linked G allele in rs2075650 of TOMM40 have been associated with increased mortality and the ?2 allele with decreased mortality, although inconsistently. Offspring from long-lived families and spouse controls were recruited at 3 sites in the United States and Denmark. We used generalized estimating equations to compare the likelihood of carrying risk alleles in offspring (n = 2307) and spouse controls (n = 764), adjusting for age, sex, level of education, and family membership. The likelihood of carrying an APOE ?4 allele or a G allele in rs2075650 was lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; p = 0.005 and OR, 0.70; p = 0.002) and the likelihood of carrying an APOE ?2 allele was higher (OR, 1.5; p = 0.007) among family members in the offspring generation than among their spouse controls. Our findings support the hypothesis that both reduction in the frequency of the ?4 allele and increase in the frequency of the ?2 allele contribute to longevity.     

Evidence for discrete-state processing in recognition memory

We provide evidence that recognition memory is mediated by a detect-or-guess mental-state model without recourse to concepts of latent-strength or multiple-memory systems. We assess performance in a two-alternative forced-choice recognition memory task with confidence ratings. The key manipulation is that sometimes participants are asked which of two new items is old, and the resulting confidence distribution is unambiguously interpreted as arising from a guessing state. The confidence ratings for other conditions are seemingly the resultant of mixing this stable guessing state with an additional stable detect state. Formal model comparison supports this observation, and an analysis of associated response times reveals a mixture signature as well.     

化学修饰的茯苓β-D-葡聚糖结构与抗胃腺癌活性的关系

目的:探讨茯苓多糖及其衍生物的结构与抗胃腺癌活性之间的构效关系.方法:对从茯苓菌核中提取的(1→3)-?-D-葡聚糖PCS3-Ⅱ及其硫酸酯、羧甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基和甲基化衍生物,用粘度法、激光光散射(LLS)及尺寸排除色谱和光散射仪联用(SEC-LLS)表征了他们在磷酸缓冲液(PBS)中37℃下的[?]、Mw及z1/2等分子参数.然后用MTT法研究了PCS3-Ⅱ和几种衍生物对不同分化程度的胃腺癌细胞株MKN-45、SGC-7901和MKN-28生长的抑制作用.结果:S-PCS3-Ⅱ、C-PCS3-Ⅱ、M-PCS3-Ⅱ、HE-PCS3-Ⅱ和HP-PCS3-Ⅱ衍生物在PBS溶液中Mw值分别为3.8×104、18.9×104、16.0×104、76.8×104和224.3×104,未改性?-葡聚糖PCS3-Ⅱ几乎无抗胃腺癌活性,而他的硫酸酯和羧甲基衍生物对细胞株MKN-45、SGC-7901和MKN-28却显示较高的抑制率.结论:天然茯苓菌核多糖体外没有抗胃腺癌活性;水不溶性多糖PCS3-Ⅱ链上引入羧甲基和硫酸酯基后,其衍生物溶于水,且链刚性增大,同时其抗胃腺癌活性增强;良好的水溶性、较高的链刚性和适当大的分子量有利于茯苓多糖抗胃腺癌活性的提高.     

非淤胆型婴儿巨细胞病毒性肝炎治疗68例

目的:探讨非淤胆型婴儿巨细胞病毒性肝炎的治疗方法.方法:选择2008-01/2010-07本院儿科住院的68例非淤胆型婴儿巨细胞病毒性肝炎患儿,随机分为治疗组34例和对照组34例,均予复方甘草酸苷2 mL/(kg.次),1次/d,共3 wk.治疗组加用更昔洛韦5 mg/(kg.次),2次/d,2 wk;1次/d,1 wk.结果:治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为94.1%和91.1%,治疗3 wk复查肝功能指标结果提示丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,T B I L)、谷氨酰转肽酶(g a m m a g l u t a m y ltranspeptidase,GGT)和碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALP)指标较治疗前均明显下降,差异有显著意义(P<0.05);直接胆红素(directbilirubin,DBIL)、总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)指标较治疗前均无明显变化,差异无显著意义(P>0.05).治疗前或治疗后2组间比较上述指标差异无显著意义(P>0.05).随访1年,失访5人,余患儿肝功能均正常;尿CMV-DNA,治疗组18人(54.5%)阳性,对照组15人(50.0%)阳性,差异无显著意义(P>0.05).结论:非淤胆型婴儿巨细胞病毒性肝炎不建议常规予更昔洛韦抗病毒治疗.     

不同护理查房形式的规范要求

目的 :探讨实施临床护理查房、教学查房、晨间护理查房三种形式 ,建立科学完善规范的护理查房模式。方法 :根据不同的目标要求和侧重点选择查房方式 ,选择病例、制定方案、内容讲解启发诱导互动讨论。结果 :明确各种查房的基本要求概念和内涵 ,达到教学相长的效果。     

安徽怀远县1970～2003年钩端螺旋体病流行病学分析

目的了解怀远县乃至安徽省钩端螺旋体病(以下简称“钩体病”)其流行趋势,以制定科学有效的控制措施。方法根据怀远县1970-2003年疫情资料及检验结果进行汇总统计,并加以整理分析。结果怀远县1970-2003年平均发病率为1.79/10万,1970～2001年全县发生的钩体病以波摩那群为主,2002～2003年以黄疸出血群为主;流行形式上,以爆发为主,常伴有散发病例,爆发病例共549例,占总报告病例的88.12％;时间分布上,无明显周期性,除3次爆发出现明显的年度高峰外,其余年份病例数无明显差异,呈散发,以7～10月份发病为多,占报告病例总数的93.10％,去除爆发因素,则以1月份和7、8月份相对较多;男性明显高于女性,男女性别发病数之比为2.09∶1,以10～44岁发病数较高,形成较为明显的年龄高峰,75岁以上无发病;地区分布上,除爆发乡镇病例明显高于其它乡镇外,其余乡镇无明显差异,但从河流分布看,涡河以南明显高于涡河以北,若去除爆发因素,两者无明显改变。2003年的8～9月份钩体病现状调查显示,我县涡河以南钩体病感染率明显高于涡河以北(x~2=17.32,P<0.01)。结论我县钩体疫源地类型已由既往的经济疫源地向自然疫源地过渡,为混合型疫源地,流行形式已由洪水型向稻田型过渡,目前与稻田型一致,以黄疸出血群为主,黑线姬鼠为主要动物宿主,流行菌群发生变迁,并从血清学及病原学方面证实了“南黄北移”现象的存在。     

护士家访对首发精神分裂症病人预后的影响

目的探讨护士家访对延缓精神分裂症病人社会功能缺陷及复发的作用.方法将93例首发精神分裂症病人随机分为家访组48例及对照组45例.对家访组进行为期1年共10次家访,用BPRS评价病人病情严重程度;用SDSS评价病人出院1年后的各种社会功能缺陷情况,并比较两组病人出院后的服药依从情况及复发情况.结果出院6、12个月时家访组病人BPRS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01).服药依从性家访组明显好于对照组(P<0.01).1年后两组间SDSS第1、5、6、9、10项及总分比较差异有显著或非常显著性意义.复发率家访组明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论护士家访对精神分裂症病人出院后疗效的维持及病情的进一步恢复有良好的促进作用,能有效地延缓首发精神分裂症病人疾病复发及其社会功能的缺陷.