Endoscopic instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion with Healos and recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to use a minimally invasive endoscopic surgical technique in a sheep model to evaluate the efficacy of an osteoinductive growth factor, recombinant human growth/differentiation factor-5 (also designated MP52), and an osteoconductive matrix formulation (Healos; DePuy AcroMed, Inc., Mountain View, CA) for inducing and facilitating bone formation. METHODS: Twelve mature sheep underwent bilateral posterolateral lumbar fusion and pedicle screw fixation via a posterior endoscopic approach. Each sheep received two different types of graft material, autogenous iliac crest bone, or a bone graft substitute (MP52 with Healos), inserted into the right and left sides of the spine in an alternating fashion. Groups of four sheep were killed at 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively for manual, radiographic, and histological evaluation. RESULTS: No neurological impairments, infections, or other complications were observed. After 2 months, partial fusion on both sides was observed, but radiographic evaluation showed greater bone growth on the side that received the bone graft substitute. Solid posterolateral fusion was observed in both autograft and bone graft substitute sites at 4 and 6 months, and autograft and Healos MP52 fusion sites were essentially the same at histological examination. There was no abnormal overgrowth of new bone from either of these two materials. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis and instrumentation is feasible, safe, and effective in a sheep model. Healos is a useful bonding agent that mimics natural bone in posterolateral intertransverse fusion sites. Combined with MP52, it produced fusion comparable to that of autogenous bone graft. Minimally invasive techniques and bone graft substitutes could eliminate morbidity and increase the likelihood of successful fusion.     

Effect of early wound excision on changes in plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1 level after burn injury: an experimental study in rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of early wound excision on changes in NO and endothelin-1 (ET-1) level in the plasma after extensive burn injury. The effects on vascular permeability and hepatic blood flow (HBF) were also assessed. Male Wistar rats were used for this study. A 30% total body surface area (TBSA) third-degree burn was made on the back. Then animals were divided into four groups. Burn group (n = 13), burn alone; infusion group (n = 13), burn injury and fluid resuscitation; early excision group (n = 13), burn injury, total wound excision at 30 min after the injury followed with immediate allogenic skin graft and fluid resuscitation; and the sham group (n = 15). The sham group and the early excision group did not show significant changes in the NO and ET-1 level in plasma during experimental period, while the burn group and the infusion group showed significant increase in the NO and ET-1. The early excision group also did not show hypovolemia, and the significant decrease in the HBF. These data suggest that the increased NO and ET-1 in plasma following thermal injury were originated from burned tissue and the removal of these injured tissue has beneficial effect on the vascular permeability and the changes in HBF.     

Discordance between dipyridamole stress Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT and coronary angiography in patients with Kawasaki disease

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis syndrome of unknown etiology that mainly affects the coronary arteries. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between dipyridamole stress technetium 99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and coronary angiography in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-one consecutive patients (29 boys and 12 girls) who underwent coronary angiography were studied prospectively. Their ages at onset of the disease ranged from 2 months to 4.8 years (mean +/- SD, 1.9 +/- 1.3 years). Their ages at the time of the study ranged from 8 months to 15.3 years (6.2 +/- 4.4 years). The duration between symptom onset and the study ranged from 2 months to 12 years (4.3 +/- 4.0 years). All patients underwent dipyridamole stress Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT within 1 month of their angiographic studies. They were divided into 3 groups according to coronary angiography findings. Group A consisted of 2 patients (1 boy and 1 girl, aged 10.3 and 1.9 years, respectively) with coronary stenoses who also had aneurysms. Group B consisted of 10 patients (8 boys and 2 girls, aged 0.7-15.3 years [mean, 3.8 years]) with coronary aneurysms. Group C consisted of 29 patients (20 boys and 9 girls, aged 1.2-13.8 years [mean, 7 years]) with normal coronary angiograms. Two patients in group A (100%), 3 of 10 patients in group B (30%), and 19 of 29 patients in group C (65.5%) had myocardial perfusion defects. There was poor agreement between Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT and coronary angiography for detecting coronary stenoses (kappa = 0.07; P =.222) and aneurysms (kappa = -0.184; P =.158). CONCLUSION: Significant discordance exists between Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT and coronary angiography in patients with Kawasaki disease.     

放射复合伤口愈合中外周血淋巴细胞凋亡及其与愈合延迟的关系

为研究放射复合伤口愈合中外周血淋巴细胞凋亡规律并探讨其与愈合延迟的关系，将120只大鼠随机分为单纯创伤组与创伤复合照射组，用原位末端标记（TUNEL）方法检测细胞凋亡，碱磷酶免疫组织化学方法检测Bax,Bcl-2蛋白表达，结果发现，创伤复合照射组动物白细胞数出现下降，伤后3天降至最低，伤后5天仍显著低于单纯创伤组；伤后两组动物中血淋巴细胞凋亡率均升高，但创伤照射组凋亡率始终高于单纯创伤组；伤后不同时间淋巴细胞Bax蛋白出现升高，创伤照射组明显高于单纯创伤组，而Bcl-2呈现相反的变化趋势，该结果提示，照射后外周血白细胞数的降低和淋巴细胞凋亡的增加是辐射延迟伤口愈合的重要原因，Bax和Bcl-2蛋白参与了淋巴细胞凋亡的调控。     

人半月板纤维软骨细胞培养及生物学特性研究

为探索分离培养人半月板纤维软骨细胞的简便实用方法，采用胰蛋白酶和胶原酶联合消化的方法，简便快速地获得大量成活率高的人半月板纤维软骨细胞，在F－12培养液中进行原代和传代培养，并对传代培养纤维软骨细胞进行了免疫组化鉴定，光镜及超微结构的观察，结果显示，光镜下，原代培养细胞呈线形，单层排列，电镜可见细胞内有丰富的粗面内质网及线粒体，细胞呈多极性，表面有突起，纤维软骨细胞免疫组化Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性，提示本实验建立的人纤维软骨细胞分离培养方法是一种可行的方法。，     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征发生阻塞部位上呼吸道的CT测量

了解CT测量对阻塞性睡眠呼吸道暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）患者上呼吸道狭窄的定位诊断意义。已知上呼吸道阻塞部位的OSAS患者共35例，将其阻塞部位CT测量资料与年龄性别相近的35名正常对照组比较，结果显示，患者组的各平面气道横截面积，气道前后径，左右径均明显小于对照组，咽喉壁和咽侧壁软组织厚度多大于对照组，发生睡眠期呼吸道阻塞的部位中有72．13％在患者清醒时其气道横截面积低于正常值，研究表明，阻塞部位的CT测量结果与正常对照组比较差异显著，72．13％的病例可以在常规的CT扫描测量中发现呼吸道解剖性狭窄。     

伽玛刀照射后正常大鼠脑形态学变化的观察

为研究伽玛刀照射后正常大鼠脑组织形态学变化与时间和剂量的关系，并探讨晚期放射性坏死的发生机制，以大鼠右侧尾状核头部为照射靶点，伽玛刀照射剂量分别为20、50、75、160Gy，准直器直径4mm，应用HE、Nissl、Luxol Fast Blue染色和免疫组化方法观察从伽玛刀照射开始到晚期坏死发生过程中的形态学变化。结果显示，在晚期坏死灶出现之前的潜伏期内，靶区内病变主要包括两个方面：①微血管系统改变，即毛细血管增生、微血管腔扩张、管壁增厚、血管周围组织间隙水肿；②星形胶质细胞肥大、增生。研究表明，大鼠靶区内的形态学变化具有时间和剂量依赖性，微血管系统改变和星形胶质细胞的损伤都可能导致晚期坏死的发生。     

心肺时相撞击自动控制系统

目的 研制动物心肺时相撞击自动控制系统，以进行动物心或肺不同活动时相的撞击伤研究。方法 控制系统由信号采集装置、触发器、电磁铁和微计算机组成，与摆锤式撞击台配套使用。由计算机键盘输入摆锤下落时间、K值及撞击指令，撞击程序运行。以呼吸波峰或心电R波峰作为撞击触发的参照点，计算出触发延时量，确定触发点，实施触发，完成预定的心或肺活动时相撞击。结果 能准确地进行动物心肺不同活动时相的撞击。结论 本控制系统可用于各种动物撞击装置的心肺时相撞击控制。     

头低位卧床对眼内压、近视力、视野的影响及其中药防护

目的观察头低位卧床模拟失重对人体眼压、视野、近视力的影响 ,及中药对抗模拟失重的效果。方法 1 0名被试者随机分成对照组和中药组 ,用头低位 - 6° 2 1d卧床模拟失重 ,分别于卧床前、中、后测量两组被试者眼内压、近视力及视野。结果眼内压及近视力在卧床期间呈波动下降趋势 ,两者间存在一定相关性 ;中心视野变化无显著性 ;服中药可在一定程度上防止近视力下降。结论 1 )头低位卧床可引起眼压、近视力下降 ;2 )服中药可在一定程度上对抗模拟失重对近视力的不良影响     

法莫替丁氯化钠注射液的稳定性研究

目的研究法莫替丁氯化钠注射液的稳定性及其贮存期。方法以HPLC法测定法莫替丁及其有关物质的含量，分别用加速实验法、室温留样观察法和强光照射法对法莫替丁进行稳定性实验。结果法莫替丁的含量随温度的升高和时间的延长逐渐下降，但有关物质的含量均小于2％。加速实验法结果：温度40℃，湿度75％条件下，法莫替丁氯化钠放置1个月、3个月和6个月时，法莫替丁的含量依次为标示量的101．9％、101．3％和101．2％。室温留样观察法：法莫替丁氯化钠注射液放置1年含量为100．8％。强光照射法：在450Lx光照下第1d、第5d和第lOd法莫替丁的含量依次为标示量的102．6％、102．1％和101．3％。结论3种实验方法测得的数据基本一致。法莫替丁氯化钠注射液的有效期可暂定为1年。