TNM-classification of carcinomas of the oral cavity-efficacy of clinically available data (TN).

Using adequate number of cases, the influence of the spread of primary tumour and the degree of regional metastasis on prognosis were investigated. Assuming a practicable classification as a prerequisite for clinico-therapeutic cancer research, experience has shown that the assessment of the spread of primary tumour alone does not suffice for the establishment of comparable homogenous data. The investigation on the importance of the degree of regional metastasis has shown, above all, that the percentage of N3-metastasis within the T-groups contributes essentially to the fact that these show a marked difference in their prognosis. It would therefore appear necessary also to examine the importance of other clinically accessible data in the assessment of prognosis. Only then could we be in a position to judge whether, and to what extent a clinically practicable classification and integration into special groups is possible on the basis of clinically available data. The inclusion of more clinics in the joint investigation is encouraged.     

Aminotetralins as narcotic antagonists. Synthesis and opiate-related activity of 1-phenyl-2-aminotetralin derivatives.

The synthesis and the opiate agonist and antagonist activities of three derivatives of cis-2-[methyl(cyclopropanemethyl)amino]-1-phenyltetralin are reported. The compounds were obtained by synthetic modification from 2-amino-1-tetralone. The 1-propionoxy derivative 4c shows analgetic activity (ED50 = 17.8 mg/kg) one-half that of codeine, and the 1-methoxy derivative 4b has weak antagonist activity (AD50 = 33.5 mg/kg). The compounds showed no other significant opiate-related activity.     

Differences in food intake and exercise by smoking status in adolescents

BACKGROUND: Smoking, diet, and lack of exercise are the top preventable causes of death in the United States. Some 23% of high school students currently smoke and many teens do not meet Healthy People 2010 standards for healthy eating or physical activity. This study examined the relationship between smoking and the consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk/dairy products and the frequency of exercise in 10,635 Virginia youth. METHODS: Survey data were collected from middle school (MS; n = 8022) and high school (HS; n = 2613) adolescents participating in youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs. Data were analyzed using chi-square bivariate tests and multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Smokers were significantly less likely than nonsmokers to exercise > or = 3x week and to consume > or = 1 serving/day of vegetables or milk/dairy products. This was more evident in high school than middle school students and in females compared to males. In both HS and MS, a dose-response relationship was detected with higher level smoking associated with lower frequency of eating specified food and exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with compromised intake of healthy food and exercise. To decrease incident cases of chronic disease later in life, new tailored, innovative interventions are needed that address multiple health behaviors in youth.     

Correction of Lower Limb Deformities Using Ilizarov's Technique

Background

India accounts for approximately 10 million orthopaedically handicapped children and adults with limb deformity. Ilizarov ring fixator could treat most of these deformities.

Methods

Twenty cases of deformities of lower limb managed with Ilizarov technique during period between March 2001 and February 2003 were studied.

Results

55% were in the age group of 11-30 years. Out of the 20 cases studied, 6 were congenital talipes equino varus, 8 were fixed flexion deformity of knee, 4 were equines deformity of the ankle and 2 were malunited fracture shaft of tibia.4 patients who had recurrence were operated for fixed flexion deformity of the knee. The main complication encountered was pin tract infection, which was seen in 15(75%) cases. In 16(80%) cases, the results were excellent with no recurrence of deformity and patients were able to walk independently. In 4 (20%) cases, recurrence was mild to moderate (10 to 20) but all of them were able to ambulate idependently and carry out their routine activities.

Conclusion

Ilizarov ring fixator is a superior compared to conventional methods for correction of deformities of lower limb.Key Words: Ilizarov method, Ligamentotaxis, Distraction     

Randomized trial of a low-intensity dietary intervention in rural residents: the Rural Physician Cancer Prevention Project

BACKGROUND: Dietary behavior, specifically a low-fat, high-fiber diet, plays a role in the primary prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. DESIGN: A community-based randomized trial to assess the impact of a low-intensity, physician-endorsed, self-help dietary intervention that provided tailored dietary feedback, and was designed to promote improved fat and fiber behavior in a rural, low-education/low-literacy, partly minority population. The data were collected from 1999 to 2003. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A total of 754 patients from three physician practices in rural Virginia completed a baseline telephone survey assessing dietary and psychosocial information, and were then randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Follow-up telephone evaluation was based on 522 participants at 1 month, 470 at 6 months, and 516 participants at 12 months. INTERVENTION: A series of tailored feedback, followed by brief telephone counseling and theory-based nutritional education booklets, provided by staggered delivery to the home. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dietary fat and fiber behavior, dietary intentions to change, self-efficacy for dietary change, and fat and fiber knowledge. RESULTS: The intervention group demonstrated significant improvement in dietary fat and fiber behaviors and intentions to change fat and fiber intake (p <0.05) at 1, 6, and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The Rural Physician Cancer Prevention Project provides an effective model for achieving public health-level dietary health behavior changes among a rural, minority, and low-literacy/low-education population.     

Complex Pediatric Elbow Injury: An Uncommon Case

Background  

There is paucity of literature describing complex elbow trauma in the pediatric population. We described a case of an uncommon pediatric elbow injury comprised of lateral condyle fracture associated with posterolateral dislocation of elbow.