抗甲状腺药物诱导的狼疮样综合征循证诊断与治疗的个案分析

狼疮样综合征和抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)阳性的血管炎合并甲亢在临床中十分罕见.为了找出这三种疾病之间的关系,作者借助循证医学的方法,根据患者病情,提出临床问题,从PubMed(1966～2003年)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)(1978～2003年)、荷兰医学文摘数据库(EMBase)(1974～2003年)查找相关信息.结果发现抗甲状腺药物的副反应是对该病例的最好解释,并据此采取了相应治疗措施,使患者病情获得明显好转.     

雪灵芝对二乙基亚硝胺诱导大鼠肝癌组织细胞的抑制作用

目的：验证雪灵芝是否具有抑制大鼠肝癌的功效。方法：实验于2003—09/2004—08在广西疾病预防控制中心SPF级动物实验室完成。选用健康成年SD大鼠160只。按体质量分层随机分为5组：空白对照组、模型组、雪灵芝高剂量组、雪灵芝中剂量组和雪灵芝低剂量组，每组32只。雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组大鼠分别灌胃2．500，1．250，0．625mL/kg雪灵芝溶液，阴性对照组和模型组灌胃等量蒸馏水，1次／d，连续60d。第61天开始雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组和模型组灌胃二乙基亚硝胺溶液，对照组灌胃等量的生理盐水。于停止灌胃90d后各组处死一半受试大鼠（雌雄各半），检测血常规及血清主要生化指标，观察各脏器大体形态改变、脏器的癌变程度。1周后给剩余大鼠灌胃雪灵芝溶液（不含二乙基亚硝胺）。7周后处死余下的一半雄性大鼠，进行相同操作。8周后处死余下的全部大鼠，操作及检测方法同前。结果：纳入的160只SD大鼠，145只进入结果分析，15只脱落。①病理切片检查结果：除阴性对照组，其他各组大鼠肝组织均发生癌变或癌前病变。雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组的癌前病变发生率与模型组相近（P〉0．05）；癌变的发生率均低于模型组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05，0．01）。②大体标本检查结果：阴性对照组大鼠肝脏的大体标本均无异常改变，其他各组大鼠的肝脏有些可见表面粗糙等病理改变。模型组大体标本病理改变的阳性率高于雪灵芝高、中、低剂量组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。肉眼观模型组癌变发生率高于其他各组。③其他脏器检查结果：模型组2只大鼠有肝癌肺转移。结论：以较大剂量的二乙基亚硝胺连续灌胃30d可以复制大鼠肝癌模型；雪灵芝对二乙基亚硝胺诱导的大鼠肝癌具有预防和抑制的作用。     

低氧暴露对运动性贫血大鼠抗氧化能力的影响

目的:观察低氧暴露对运动性贫血大鼠某些抗氧化酶的影响,探讨低氧条件下抗氧化系统的反应是否有利于改善运动性贫血。方法:实验于2005-07/09在广东省高等学校运动生物化学教学重点实验室完成。选择6周龄健康雄性SD大鼠40只,均为运动性贫血动物模型,大鼠适应环境1周后采用6周递增负荷跑台运动方式建立。按随机数字表法分为1h低氧暴露组、2h低氧暴露组和间歇性低氧暴露组、常氧恢复组,每组10只。采用人工常压低氧环境,低氧浓度控制在14.5%左右,按分组每天在常压低氧舱进行1,2h和间歇性低氧暴露(低氧暴露1h,中间间歇3h,再低氧暴露1h),其余时间在舱外常氧中自由活动,每周6d,持续3周。常氧恢复组大鼠在常氧中自由活动。3周后测试运动性贫血大鼠血清丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和血浆过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性。结果:纳入动物40只,均进入结果分析。①低氧暴露3周后1h低氧暴露组、2h低氧暴露组、间歇性低氧暴露组血清丙二醛含量均显著低于常氧恢复组[分别为(2.62±0.16),(2.60±0.22),(2.55±0.06),(3.36±0.34)μmol/L,P<0.05]。②低氧暴露3周后血清超氧化物歧化酶和血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于常氧恢复组,2h低氧暴露组与常氧恢复组比较差异有显著性意义[分别为(4239.68±169.53),(3190.30±339.40)μkat/L;(20622.46±2002.07),(15556.44±607.79)μkat/L;(50.01±6.67),(35.17±4.50)μkat/L,P<0.05]。③各低氧暴露组间除2h低氧暴露组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于1h低氧暴露组外[分别为(4239.68±169.53),(2126.41±161.20)μkat/L,P<0.05],其他指标组间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:低氧暴露可提高运动性贫血大鼠机体的抗氧化能力,有利于促进运动性贫血的恢复。     

全层软骨缺损合并深部“微骨折”兔软骨修复情况

目的:观察在全层软骨缺损深部制造“微骨折”对兔软骨修复的影响。方法:实验于2003-04/10在同济医学院矫形外科实验室完成。实验用自制“微骨折”骨刀由管形不锈钢制作而成,分微骨刀内芯和外置套筒两部分。微骨刀近端配有可拆卸的螺帽,其远端为4枚锋利的钢钉,孔距为4mm,其连线呈正方形,孔隙深4mm,可深达松质骨内。取20只大白兔随机分2组,每组10只。用尖刀片在兔股骨内髁处切除6mm×6mm软骨组织造成全层关节软骨缺损,建立实验动物模型。实验组在缺损局部应用特制骨刀造成“微骨折”,对照组缺损局部不予特殊处理。分别在4周和8周每组各处死5只实验兔,作大体观察以及组织病理学检查。结果:①两组兔缺损修复处大体观察:在缺损处对照组只有肉芽组织和瘢痕组织生长,仅边缘有少量软骨组织生长,实验组在4周时大部分为软骨组织生长,而8周已全部被软骨组织修复。②组织病理学观察:实验组在4周时修复组织以纤维软骨为主,还有大量幼稚的透明软细胞,排列较紊乱,内混有一些纤维组织,与正常的关节软骨组织有一定的差异。而对照组修复组织均为红染的肉芽组织和纤维瘢痕组织,8周时,仅为瘢痕组织。③关节活动度的变化:术后各组动物关节活动度良好。结论:采用特制骨刀在全层软骨缺损的情况下合并“微骨折”,能使全层缺损的软骨组织得以修复。     

《中华男科学》杂志2000～2002年载文及引文分析

目的 :评价《中华男科学》杂志的地位和社会影响力。　方法 :用文献计量学方法对 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年《中华男科学》杂志载文及其引文情况进行统计分析。　结果 :除综述性文献和译文外 ,3年 16期共载文 34 3篇 ,其中333篇文献有引文 ,占载文总数的 97.0 8%;论著共计 183篇 ,占 5 3.35 %;基金项目论文 6 2篇 ,占总载文量的18.0 8%;载文量与基金项目论文篇数逐年增加 ;分布在全国 30个省及直辖市 ,作者中 43.37%为高级职称 ,拥有博士、硕士学位的占 40 .80 %;期刊与作者平均自引率为 6 .30 %、3.39%;文献发表 5年内被引用的频率最高 ,普赖斯指数为 5 6 .0 3%;引文语种以英文文献为主 ,期刊占引文总数的 83.0 2 %。　结论 :该刊拥有一批优秀的作者群体 ,具有很强的社会影响力以及广阔的发展前景 ,是一高质量的学术期刊。     

慢性骨盆疼痛综合征前列腺液16S rRNA基因检测及临床意义

目的 :通过前列腺液 16SrRNA基因的检测 ,探讨慢性骨盆疼痛综合征 (CPPS)的细菌感染性病因及其对抗生素疗效的预测价值。　方法 :用通用引物PCR法检测 5 9例CPPS病人前列腺液 (EPS)和初段尿 (VB1)细菌16SrRNA基因。若只在EPS检测到条带 ,或EPS信号比VB1强 10倍以上 ,则细菌信号判断为阳性。所有病人口服左氧氟沙星及阿奇霉素治疗 4周。与治疗前相比 ,治疗后症状严重性积分指数 (SSI)、症状频度问卷积分 (SFQ)、前列腺炎症状积分指数 (NIH CPSI)中疼痛问题的总积分 (quasi CPSI)减少 5 0 %以上 ,或病人主观总体评价改善5 0 %以上作为治疗有效的标准。　结果 :5 9例CPPS病人中细菌信号阳性 46例、阴性 13例。细菌信号阳性与阴性两组治疗有效率分别为 6 5 %～ 74%、0 ,疗效差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。　结论 :部分CPPS与细菌感染有关 ,前列腺 16SrRNA基因检测的结果对选择抗生素治疗有指导意义。     

Chronic beryllium disease: diagnosis, radiographic findings, and correlation with pulmonary function tests

Patients with suspected chronic beryllium disease underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. Their bronchoalveolar lymphocytes were incubated with beryllium salts, and quantitative lymphocyte transformation was measured. Seventeen patients with a positive lymphocyte proliferation test were evaluated radiographically with the International Labour Office classification. The most common radiographic abnormalities included diffuse small round and reticular opacities. Hilar adenopathy, linear scars, lung distortion, bullae, and pleural thickening were found less commonly. Specific radiographic findings were compared with pulmonary function abnormalities. The extent of radiographic profusion of small opacities and the presence of linear scars did not correlate with pulmonary function abnormalities. There was, however, a significant correlation between extensive pleural disease and reduced vital capacity in this small group of patients.     

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte heterogeneity in neonates and adults

We have used a mouse monoclonal antibody (31D8) to determine whether differences in neutrophil (PMN) subpopulations might help explain decreased PMN chemotaxis in neonates compared with that of adults. 31D8 has been shown to bind heterogeneously to adult PMNs. Approximately 80% of the PMNs that strongly bind 31D8 (31D8 "bright") are the same cells that depolarize and migrate chemotactically when stimulated with the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine, while the 20% that weakly bind 31D8 fail to similarly respond. All neonatal PMNs bound 31D8 heterogeneously. There was a smaller population of 31D8 "bright" cells in neonates at birth (76% +/- 6%, n = 45) compared with that of neonates at three to 15 days of age (82% +/- 5%, n = 10, P less than 0.002) and both were smaller than that of adults (88% +/- 4%, n = 45, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001). Neonatal cord PMNs, which traversed a micropore filter in a modified Boyden chemotaxis chamber in the presence of a chemoattractant, had an increased percentage of 31D8 "bright" cells (89% +/- 7%) than did PMNs which remained above the filter (82% +/- 7%, n = 10, P = 0.034). PMN chemotaxis was less in neonates at birth (32.7 +/- 4.5 micron) than at three to six days of age (36.8 +/- 11.3 micron) and both were decreased compared with that of adults (69.1 +/- 12.4 micron, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001). These findings indicate that decreased PMN chemotaxis in neonates may be due in part to a smaller PMN subpopulation of highly motile cells.     

Targeting Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor Inhibits the Early Step of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis by Modulating Tumor-mesothelial Adhesion

Ovarian cancer has a clear predilection to metastasize to the peritoneum, which represents one of the most important prognostic factors of poor clinical outcome. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor is significantly overexpressed during the malignant progression of human ovarian cancer. Here, using lentiviral-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology to downregulate GnRH receptor in metastatic ovarian cancer cells, we show that GnRH receptor is an important mediator of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis. GnRH receptor downregulation dramatically attenuated their adhesion to the peritoneal mesothelium. By inhibiting the expression of GnRH receptor, we showed decreased expression of α2β1 and α5β1 integrin and adhesion to specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This was also associated with a reduction of P-cadherin. Furthermore, adhesion of ovarian cancer cells to different ECMs and the mesothelium were abrogated in response to β1 integrin and P-cadherin reduction, confirming that the effects were β1 integrin- and P-cadherin–specific. Using a mouse model of human ovarian cancer metastasis, we found that the inhibition of GnRH receptor, β1 integrin, and P-cadherin significantly attenuated tumor growth, ascites formation, and the number of metastatic implants. These results define a new role for GnRH receptor in early metastasis and offer the possibility of novel therapeutic targets.