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91.
92.
SIR, We appreciate the comments of Kleiman et al., which serveto 相似文献
93.
Sally J Wellard RN BA Renal Cert MN Colleen Rolls RN RM Child Hlth Cert BAppSc Grad Dip Child Development MEdSt de Sales Ferguson RN BA BEd MN 《Journal of advanced nursing》1995,21(4):737-742
An Australian school of nursing's attempt to introduce an evaluation process required by management for clinical educators involved in undergraduate preregistration education is discussed Reliance on student feedback and clinical agencies' perceptions of the quality of teaching were seen as inadequate mechanisms for evaluation The evaluation process adopted incorporated observation of the educators together with self-reflection on their performance We conclude that post-briefings were poorly used and generally not reflective Educators relied heavily on their clinical skills and used a limited range of teaching strategies Whilst evaluation of clinical educators was time consuming and therefore costly, it is argued that it is essential to the integrity of the course The evaluation process has provided direction for support and development of clinical educators within the context of the curriculum 相似文献
94.
The lived experience of clinical educators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
de Sales Ferguson RN BA BEd MN 《Journal of advanced nursing》1996,23(4):835-841
This phenomenological study was undertaken to discover the everyday meanings which clinical educators of pre-registration Bachelor of Nursing students attached to their experiences as clinical educators The researcher employed a qualitative design using audiotaped in-depth interviews with four registered nurses employed as clinical educators in four different schools of nursing in Victoria, Australia Using hermeneutics, thematic analysis revealed five themes of meaning central to the lived experiences of clinical educators They are (a) being human, (b) having standards, (c) developing own teaching style, (d) learn as you go, and (e) not belonging The first three themes are described in the literature on clinical education, however, the latter two are unique to this research The results of this study indicate there is need for extensive preparation and on-going support of clinical educators The researcher, who is respectful of the enormity of the task which educators face in preparing students for practice, speculates whether clinical educators are the vanguards of student learning in the clinical field It is evident that the participants of this study did not possess many of the role requirements of clinical educators identified in the literature Further studies are needed which explore the link between student learning and clinical educator support 相似文献
95.
Trends in poverty and changes in service provision are combining to make the promotion of health in poverty a particular challenge to health and welfare practitioners. The evidence suggests that practitioner groups have failed to respond adequately to this challenge. Factors concerned with professional perceptions of poverty, the nature of qualifying and post-qualifying education and the difficulties associated with taking research into practice all appear, in some way, to contribute to practitioners’ failure to incorporate a poverty perspective in their work. A team training approach appears to offer one way forward in the practice-setting. Using a team training approach, the‘Health Promotion in Poverty Project’ has sought to enable the lessons learnt from the broad base of poverty theory and research to be used by practitioners to build responsive and integrated support strategies for low-income families with dependent children. 相似文献
96.
Kaufmann SJ; Sharif K; Sharma V; McVerry BA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(2):498-499
The patient was diagnosed in childhood as having severe congenital
neutropenia and had recurrent admissions with severe infections. In 1987,
prior to getting married, she was sterilized. She continued to require i.v.
antibiotics when she contracted a severe infection. On one occasion, she
was treated with growth colony stimulating factor (G- CSF). Her increased
neutrophil count was sustained following this treatment. In June 1993, she
wished to start a family and underwent in- vitro fertilization (IVF)
treatment. G-CSF was given prior to oocyte retrieval. She conceived on her
first cycle and an ultrasound scan revealed a singleton pregnancy.
Throughout the course of the pregnancy, her white cell count was monitored
closely and remained at <1.0x10(9)/l. The pregnancy progressed
uneventfully and at 37 weeks gestation she was admitted for G-CSF
injections. At 38 weeks she was delivered of a boy weighing 3350 g, by
elective Caesarean section. His white cell count was normal. This is the
first case of G-CSF being used before conception and during pregnancy in a
patient with congenital neutropenia. It shows that advances in cytokine
therapy and close interdisciplinary liaison can lead to a successful
outcome and help patients, who would otherwise remain childless, to achieve
a family.
相似文献
97.
C Whitehead BA L D Sanders PhD M Rosen CBE FCAnaes J O Robinson PhD 《International journal of clinical practice》1991,45(4):263-264
SUMMARY In order to assess the reliability of drug information supplied by day-stay cases, 85 consecutive patients were interviewed. A comparison of the interview answers with the details previously volunteered during the admission procedure showed an increase of 80% in the information given by the patient. While the detailed interviewing technique is time-consuming and may not be infallible, this substantial increase in information highlights problems in the current routine. 相似文献
98.
French Donna L. Häglund Bert O. Himmelstein Kenneth J. Mauger John W. 《Pharmaceutical research》1995,12(10):1513-1520
Purpose. The objective of this study is to correlate drug release mechanism with measured drug concentration profiles in gel layers of Carbopol® matrices containing mesalamine or benzoic acid.
Methods. Release rate experiments with Carbopol® matrices were performed using a rotating disk apparatus. Matrices were frozen and the gel layer in the matrices was sliced using a microtome in a cryostat. Drug concentration profiles were determined by direct measurement of the concentration of the drug in the gel slices. The pH of the slices was measured using microelectrodes, and water content was measured by Karl Fisher titration.
Results. The concentration gradient in mesalamine matrices decreased over time and correlated with square root of time release rate kinetics. The concentration profiles of benzoic acid were unchanged over time and correlated with zero order release rate kinetics. Carbopol gel layers were highly hydrated (93–95% water). Gel layers in matrices with mesalamine had a more alkaline microenvironmental pH. This higher pH resulted in increased growth of the thickness of the gel layer and a reduction drug diffusivity in comparison to benzoic acid matrices.
Conclusions. The release rate kinetics of mesalamine and benzoic acid correlated to the measured concentration profiles. The shape of the concentration profiles is determined by the rate of growth of the Carbopol® gel layer and drug diffusivity. 相似文献
99.
Peter Griffiths BA RGN & Jenifer Wilson-Barnett BA MSc PhD RGN FRCN FKCL 《Journal of advanced nursing》1998,27(6):1184-1192
A literature search was conducted to identify 'nursing led in-patient units' where the nurse is the designated leader of the clinical team. The review concentrates on studies which have attempted to measure the impact of nursing-led in-patient units and reviews both the methodology and outcomes. Three major bodies of work were identified. Lydia Hall's evaluation of the Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation (USA) is reviewed in some detail. This work was the model for 'nursing beds' at the two Oxfordshire Nursing Development Units (UK) in the 1980s. Studies evaluating these centres are reviewed and reports of similar UK units discussed. A third body of work evaluates a nurse-managed critical care environment. Common features include a case mix based on nursing need with nurses having authority to admit and discharge patients. While results are generally favourable, with improved patient independence, fewer readmissions, lower mortality and cost savings reported in some or all of the studies, all studies reviewed demonstrate the difficulties of applying an experimental model to real life clinical services. Methodological limitations render firm conclusions difficult. Techniques adopted from studies in field settings, the so-called 'quasi-experiment', are advocated as a remedy, as is further study of the process of care in investigating this model of care delivery. 相似文献
100.
Danny Lam RMN RNT PGCE Dip in GHGMR BSc BA MSc MA & Linda Cheng RMN RGN RMNS RNT BA Dip in Counselling Supervision 《Journal of advanced nursing》1998,27(6):1143-1150
Research shows that clients with automatic thoughts (dysfunctional thinking) often do not think of alternative explanations in relation to negative events. Furthermore, these automatic thoughts are characterized by a broad global, self-evaluative and ambiguous nature that could make disputing (or changing the ways they think) the most difficult part of the therapeutic process. This paper proposes a two-stage practise-based disputing model, guided by research, that aims to 'bring' an automatic thought to a specific, objective, quantifiable and concrete level at which not only is the particular aspect(s) of the automatic thought that causes emotional disturbances finely focused, but the disputing is also likely to be effective and manageable. Furthermore, it will also generate alternative explanations that are helpful in reducing emotional disturbances and in facilitating problem solving approach. In this paper, the authors use a case example to discuss the rationale that underpins the conceptualization of the model and to illustrate the process in which the strategies of the model are effectively used. 相似文献