Assessment of the hemostatic effectiveness of human platelets treated with aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen and UV A light using a rabbit ear bleeding time technique

The photochemical aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen (AMT), in conjunction with UV A light (UVA), has been shown to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus-1 and model viruses in platelet suspensions under conditions that have only a minimal effect on in vitro platelet properties. A rabbit ear bleeding time technique was used to assess the hemostatic effectiveness of human platelet suspensions treated with AMT/UVA. New Zealand White rabbits were made thrombocytopenic by a combination of irradiation and heterologous antirabbit platelet antiserum. Reticuloendothelial function in these rabbits was suppressed by the intravenous administration of ethyl palmitate. The hemostatic function of 1- and 5-day-old human platelet suspensions (14.5% plasma) that had been treated on day 1 with 40 micrograms/mL AMT and 24 kJ/m2 UVA (1 x UVA) was evaluated by measuring microvascular bleeding times after a standard incision. Comparable bleeding times were observed after infusion with both control and AMT/UVA-treated platelets stored for either 1 or 5 days. With the transfusion of AMT/1 x UVA-treated platelets stored for 5 days, the mean (+/- SD) bleeding time was 156.3 +/- 39.2 seconds (n = 10). With untreated platelets (no AMT/no UVA), stored for 5 days, the mean bleeding time was 189.2 +/- 36.4 seconds (n = 10). Neither AMT nor 1 x UVA treatment alone influenced the observed bleeding times. In contrast, the hemostatic effectiveness of human platelet suspensions was diminished if they were exposed to three times the standard UVA dose (72 kJ/m2) on day 1 and stored for 4 more days, regardless of whether AMT was present, with the mean bleeding time increasing to 442.2 +/- 122.6 seconds (n = 15, AMT present) or 396.0 +/- 45.9 seconds (n = 10, AMT absent). These results are consistent with data obtained from in vitro studies and indicate that virucidal AMT/1 x UVA treatment does not influence platelet hemostatic function. However, the final conditions to achieve these results must be carefully controlled.     

人参二醇皂甙和三醇皂甙对兔纹状体ATP酶的影响

本文报道用体外给药法,观察了PDS和PTS对纹状体ATP酶(Na⁺、K⁺-ATP酶,Ca²⁺-ATP酶及M²⁺-ATP酶)的影响。结果发现PDS和PTS对Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶都有明显的抑制作用,且随PDS和PTS浓度的高低,其抑制作用增强或减弱;对Ca²⁺-ATP酶,PDS在10^-5g/ml时有激活作用,当浓度增高到10^-3g/mL时则转为抑制,而PTS仅为抑制效应;对于Mg²⁺-ATP酶能被PDS所兴奋,而被PTS所抑制。此结果表明PDS和PTS对中枢神经系统的作用,可能与其影响脑内ATP酶有密切的内在联系。     

老年人肺癌150例

临床资料 1990-01／2004-06住院老年人肺癌150(男102例，女48)例，年龄60～90(平均74．5)岁．有吸烟史102例(68％)，其中30a以上吸烟史73例(48．7％)．咳嗽、咳痰、痰带血105例(70％)．无呼吸系统症状25例(16．7％)，于健康体检时发现．以肺外症状住院20例(13％)，表现为上腔静脉综合征、Homer综合征、声音嘶哑、杵壮指(趾)、高血钙等．胸片：肺癌110例；痰中脱落细胞检查98例，     

Time course of detection of viral and serologic markers preceding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion: implications for screening of blood and tissue donors

BACKGROUND: Almost all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via blood or tissues that has occurred since anti-HIV screening was implemented in 1985 is traceable to blood given after infection but before antibody seroconversion, a time that is referred to as the window period. In this study, the performance of newer assays designed to detect viral and serologic markers soon after infection is assessed, and the reduction in the window period achieved by these assays is estimated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Three cohort studies of persons at high risk for acquiring HIV infection were identified. These studies included well-controlled HIV type 1 (HIV-1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of serial preseroconversion specimens from HIV-1- seroconverting homosexual men or intravenous drug users. Of 81 enrollees with anti-HIV-1 seroconversion documented by a viral lysate anti-HIV-1 enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) available in 1989, 13 (16%) had PCR-positive preseroconversion specimens. In the present study, sera from these 13 PCR-positive samples were further tested for anti- HIV by 10 contemporary EIAs and 6 supplemental assays, as well as being tested for plasma p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA. Preseroconversion sera from 38 HIV-1 DNA PCR-negative cohort participants were also tested by selected anti-HIV EIAs and tested for p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA. On the basis of these laboratory data and the intervals between blood drawing in all 81 men, the reduction in the preseroconversion window period achieved by these new assays was estimated with a mathematical model developed to analyze seroconversion data. RESULTS: Nine (69%) of the 13 preseroconversion PCR-positive samples had anti-HIV that was detectable by one or more contemporary anti-HIV-1 or anti-HIV type 2 EIA. Supplemental antibody assays were negative on all four EIA-nonreactive preseroconversion samples and negative or indeterminate on a high proportion of the nine EIA-reactive PCR-positive samples. Eight (61%) of the 13 samples were p24 antigen-positive, and 11 (85%) were HIV-1 RNA-positive. The estimated reductions in the window period (relative to the index viral lysate-based anti-HIV EIA) were as follows: contemporary anti-HIV-1/2 EIAs, 20.3 days (95% Cl, 8.0–32.5); p24 antigen and DNA PCR, 26.4 days (95% Cl, 12.6–38.7); and RNA PCR, 31.0 days (95% Cl, 16.7–45.3). CONCLUSION: Recent improvement in the sensitivity of anti-HIV assays has resulted in significant shortening of the preseroconversion window period. Consequently, the incremental reduction in the window period that could be achieved by implementing direct virus-detection assays has diminished significantly.     

睾丸支持细胞的研究现状及应用前景

目的:综合分析睾丸支持细胞的研究动态及意义。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed1995-01/2006-02有关睾丸支持细胞研究的文章,检索词为"sertolicell,application,transplantation"等,限定语言种类为英文。同时检索中国期刊网全文数据库1995-01/2006-02有关睾丸支持细胞研究的文章,检索词为"睾丸支持细胞,应用,移植",并限定语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择与睾丸支持细胞研究进展及应用前景相关的文章,筛选与以上要求无明显关系的文章以及重复性研究。同一领域的文献则选择近5年来在权威刊物上发表的文章。资料提炼:共收集到57篇文献,其中32篇符合要求。排除25篇,为重复性文章。资料综合:由于睾丸支持细胞具有分泌多种营养因子和免疫豁免功能,睾丸支持细胞已成为细胞培养技术、组织工程及器官移植领域的研究热点之一,在临床移植领域中有良好的应用前景。结论:睾丸支持细胞为器官移植、帕金森病及糖尿病等疾病的治疗提供了新的治疗途径,虽然还有许多问题尚需解决,但对睾丸支持细胞的研究已经取得了一系列可喜的成果,在临床应用中具有良好的应用前景,也将会给人类临床事业的发展作出巨大贡献。     

细胞因子治疗特发性肺纤维化

目的:总结并分析细胞因子在特发性肺纤维化发病机制与治疗中的作用,特别是致炎细胞因子在特发性肺纤维化治疗中的应用。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed1996-01/2006-05有关细胞因子治疗特发性肺纤维化应用及研究的文献,检索词“idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,cytokines,biologic agent therapy,gene therapy”,并限定文献语言种类为English。资料选择:对资料进行整理,并查看每篇文献后的引文,选取针对性强的文章,同一领域的文献则选择近期发表或权威杂志的文章。纳入标准:关于特发性肺纤维化的概念、分类、发病机制和治疗方法及细胞因子在特发性肺纤维化发病机制和治疗方法中的作用。排除标准:重复性研究。资料提炼:共检索到54篇符合要求的相关文献,其中研究内容相似的,以近3年内发表的文章优先。对符合标准的30篇文献进行分析。纳入的文章主要涉及细胞因子在特发性肺纤维化的发病机制和治疗方法中的作用。资料综合:目前,特发性肺纤维化的传统药物疗法仍然存在争议。随着对特发性肺纤维化发病机制认识的逐渐深入,各种新的治疗策略相继出现。而最近的临床和动物试验研究均提出针对调节促纤维化细胞因子的治疗是比较有前途的治疗策略。促纤维化细胞因子的释放导致纤维细胞增殖并迁移到肺组织的不同部位,接着分化为不同的成纤维细胞亚型,而这种纤维细胞的分化可能是特发性肺纤维化慢性进程的关键原因。针对细胞因子治疗包括生物制剂治疗和基因治疗两大领域已经成为特发性肺纤维化治疗研究的热点和主要方向。本文从细胞因子在特发性肺纤维化治疗中的应用方面进行综述。结论:细胞因子在特发性肺纤维化发病中起到了促纤维化的关键性作用,针对细胞因子包括生物制剂治疗和基因治疗两大领域已经成为治疗特发性肺纤维化最有前景的手段之一。     

朝藿素B和朝藿素C的结构

从朝鲜淫羊藿(Epeimedium koreanum Nadai)地上部分中分离得到二个新黄酮成分:朝藿素B(epimedokoreanin B)(Ix)和朝藿素C(epimedokoreanin C)(XV),经光谱分析证明,朝藿素B(IX)的结构为5,7,3`,4`-tetrahydroxyl-8,5`,-diprenylflavone;朝藿素c(xv)的结构为5,7,31`,7`-tetrahydroxyl-8-prenyl-2｛[2`-(l-hydroxyl-l-methylethyl)-2`,3`-dihydrobenzofuran]-5`-yl｝-chromone.     

胀果香豆素甲的结构鉴定

胀果香豆素甲的结构鉴定邹坤，张如意，杨宪赋（北京医科大学植化教研室北京１０００８３）胀果甘草（ＧｌｙｃｇｒｒｈｉｚａｉｎｆｌａｔａＢａｔ）产于我国西北部，已收载于中国药典加以利用。其中的一些化学成分有很好的抗氧化活性（１），我们从其根茎的９５％乙醇提...     

乌拉尔甘草中新香豆素的化学研究

甘草是一味重要的传统中药,为临床广泛使用。多年来国内外学者对其化学成分的研究颇为重视。近来,用不同溶剂对甘草进行分步提取,以酶和受体生物学指标进行监测,发现乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch)的二氯甲烷提取物对安定受体,胆囊收缩素受体以及二氢还原酶具有明显的抑制作用。为了寻找其中的有效成分,我们对该部分进行了化     

赤芝孢子粉三萜化学成分研究

自赤芝(Ganoderma lucidum Karst)孢子粉酸性部分分离得到一个新的四环三萜化合物,命名为ganosporeric acid A(1),根据光谱(IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR和MS)分析确定其结构为Ⅰ所示。同时还分到四个已知化合物:ganoderic acid B(Ⅱ),ganodefic acid C(Ⅲ),ganoderic acidE(Ⅳ),和ganodermanontriol(Ⅴ)。这些化合物均为首次从赤芝孢子粉中得到。