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51.
52.
When people with dementia are perceived as witches. Consequences for patients and nurse education in South Africa
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Aims and Objectives
To explore and describe the link between culture and dementia care with the focus on the influence of the belief in dementia as witchcraft and people with dementia as witches.Background
In South Africa, especially in townships and rural areas, dementia is often perceived as connected to witchcraft rather than to disease. Persons labelled as witches—mostly older women—may be bullied, ostracised, beaten, stoned, burned, even killed.Method
One strand of findings from a larger international study is presented with in‐depth qualitative interviews of one close family member and seven nurses caring for patients with severe dementia in nursing homes in Tshwane in South Africa. A hermeneutic analytic approach was used.Results
Two main themes are found, namely “Belief in witchcraft causing fear of persons with dementia” and “Need of knowledge and education.” Fear of and violence towards people with dementia are based on the belief that they are witches. Some of the nurses had also held this belief until they started working with patients with dementia. There is a great need for education both among healthcare workers and the populace.Discussion
The “witch” belief prevents seeking professional help. As nursing homes tend to be private and expensive, professional dementia care is virtually unattainable for the poor. Dementia needs a more prominent place in nursing curricula. Nurses as educators need to know the local culture and language to be accepted in the various communities. They need to visit families affected by dementia, give awareness talks in churches, schools and clinics and facilitate support groups for carers of people with dementia in the local language.Conclusion
Improved nurses’ education in gerontology and geriatric care is needed. Trained specialist nurses may work as mediators and help eradicate the witchcraft beliefs connected to severe dementia. 相似文献53.
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George AC Mendes Fran?ois Caire Suzana Saleme Sanita Ponomarjova Charbel Mounayer 《Interventional neuroradiology》2015,21(2):244-248
A 72-year-old man presented with sudden right homonymous hemianopsia. Work-up imaging revealed a left occipital haematoma and an arteriovenous fistula supplied by the meningeal branches to the clivus from the left vertebral artery (VA) with a rostral venous reflux into cortical veins. A microcatheter was advanced through brainstem veins into the venous collector. A compliant balloon was placed in the left VA facing the origin of feeders. The balloon was inflated to protect the vertebrobasilar circulation from embolic migration. Onyx was injected by the transvenous catheter. Control angiogram revealed exclusion of the lesion.Informed consent was obtained from the patient. 相似文献
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R A Carleton J Dwyer L Finberg J Flora D S Goodman S M Grundy S Havas G T Hunter D Kritchevsky R M Lauer 《Circulation》1991,83(6):2154-2232
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Cervantes Bustamante R Ocampo del Prado LC Zárate Mondragón F Mata Rivera N Ramírez-Mayans JA Mora Tiscareño MA García Campos LN 《Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico》2003,68(4):266-270
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autonomic dominant disease characterized by hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation. We present 16 cases; females were more affected. The most common presenting complaints were of gastrointestinal tract. All polyps found were hamartomatous with general distribution through gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic polypectomy should be carried out for treatment. Radiologic, endoscopic and histologic studies should be conducted for long-term follow-up, because of high risk of malignancy. 相似文献
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Platè M Asselta R Spena S Spreafico M Fagoonee S Peyvandi F Tenchini ML Duga S 《Blood cells, molecules & diseases》2008,41(3):292-297
Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by abnormally low levels of fibrinogen in plasma, generally due to heterozygous mutations in one of the three fibrinogen genes (FGA, FGB, and FGG, coding for Aα, Bβ, and γ chain, respectively). Hypofibrinogenemic patients are usually asymptomatic, whereas individuals bearing similar mutations in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state develop a severe bleeding disorder: afibrinogenemia. The mutational spectrum of these quantitative fibrinogen disorders includes large deletions, point mutations causing premature termination codons, and missense mutations affecting fibrinogen assembly or secretion, distributed throughout the 50-kb fibrinogen gene cluster. In this study, we report the mutational screening of two unrelated hypofibrinogenemic patients leading to the identification of two missense mutations, one hitherto unknown (αCys45Phe), and one previously described (γAsn345Ser). The involvement of αCys45Phe and γAsn345Ser in the pathogenesis of hypofibrinogenemia was investigated by in-vitro expression experiments. Both mutations were demonstrated to cause a severe impairment of intracellular fibrinogen processing, either by affecting half-molecule dimerization (αCys45Phe) or by hampering hexamer secretion (γAsn345Ser). 相似文献