Influencing factors on efficacy of summer acupoint application treatment for allergic rhinitis: a retrospective study

Objective

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common health problem. Summer acupoint application treatment (SAAT) is reported to effectively treat and prevent AR from seasonal onset. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate its effects, especially on the course of AR, through a retrospective study.

Method

A cross-sectional multicenter study was performed based on patients treated between 2008 and 2009 in 13 clinical centers in China. A total of 1058 outpatients aged ≥2 years with documented AR and ≥1 year SAAT were eligible for enrollment. A case report form (CRF) was completed by both patient and doctor. The CRF was designed to collect data on the patient's history of SAAT, AR condition, and self-reported health condition. The outcomes (dependent variables) were incidence and intensity of AR and concomitant medications used. Data were analyzed with ordinal logistic regression (OLR).

Results

Treatment course and seasonal pattern of AR were related to all dependent variables positively. After controlling for sample bias and confounding factors, the findings suggested that a 3-year treatment course had better efficacy (OR/incidence of AR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.76–3.76; OR/intensity of AR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.50–3.17; OR/concomitant medications: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.50–3.23) compared with a 2-year or less treatment course.

Conclusion

The results showed that: 1) the length of treatment course was positively associated with the efficacy of SAAT (the longer the treatment course, the better the efficacy); and 2) SAAT was more efficacious in treating seasonal AR than non-seasonal AR.     

Hepatoprotective and antiviral properties of isochlorogenic acid A from Laggera alata against hepatitis B virus infection

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The aim of this study was to determine the anti-hepatitis B effect of isochlorogenic acid A isolated from Laggera alata (Asteraceae), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

Materials and methods

The anti-hepatitis B activity of isochlorogenic acid A was evaluated by the d-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced HL-7702 hepatocyte damage model and the HBV-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells.

Results

Isochlorogenic acid A significantly improved HL-7702 hepatocyte viability and markedly inhibited the productions of HBsAg and HBeAg. The inhibitory rates of isochlorogenic acid A on the HBsAg and HBeAg expressions were 86.9% and 72.9%, respectively. In addition, isochlorogenic acid A declined markedly the content of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) and induced significantly the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in HepG2.2.15 cells.

Conclusions

Isochlorogenic acid A was verified to possess the potent anti-hepatitis B activity. The anti-HBV target of isochlorogenic acid A is probably associated with blocking the translation step of the HBV replication. Overexpression of HO-1 may contribute to the anti-HBV activity of isochlorogenic acid A by reducing the stability of the HBV core protein and thus blocking the refill of nuclear HBV cccDNA. Additionally, the hepatoprotective effect of isochlorogenic acid A could be achieved by its antioxidative property and induction of HO-1.     

PERIPHERAL AND AUTONOMIC NERVE FUNCTION. TESTS IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY CORRELATION BETWEEN MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION VELO- CITY AND FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE

This paper reports the application of peri- pheral motor ne'rve conduction velocity (MNCV) determination and 6 noninvasive autonomic functional tests for the early diagnosis of dia- betic neuropathy. Among the 150 cases of new- ly discovered diabetics investigated during ex- tensive survey in Sha.nghai, 135 cases of tlia.- betic neuropathy were diagnosed. In this group, patients with both neurologic symptoms and signs were found in 56 cases, only symptoms with no signs in 50, only sign.s with no symp- toms in 8 and both symptoms and signs absent but diagnosis. based on special tests in 21. The motor nerve conduction velocity of the median n., ulnar n., and fibular n. were ascer- tained on JD Type II electromyography. The velocity was found to be significantly slower in diabetics with neuropathy than the control group. H-reflex and tibial n. Iatency were found to be prolonged in diabetics as compared with the control group. There is negative cor- relation 'oetween the MNCV and fa.sting plas- ma glucose and positive correla.tion between the H-reflex and fasting plasma glucose, indicating that hyperglycemia may be closely related to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. No correlation was found between the MNCV, age and duration of d[iabetes. For early diagno,sis of diabetic neuropathy, besides the symptoms and signs, motor nerve conduction velocity and 4 0f the 6 noninvasive autonomic ne'rve function test are valuable and reliable diagnostic procetlures. Differential diagnosis from other causes of neuropathy is also emphasized.     

巨大儿318例的相关因素及其预后分析

目的分析318例巨大儿发生的相关因素及其预后,为降低巨大儿的发生率和减少母婴并发症的发生提供参考。方法回顾分析2007-01～2012-03在我院产科住院分娩318例巨大儿的孕妇孕期体重增长、血糖检测、分娩方式、产时并发症、新生儿体重、新生儿产伤、新生儿窒息、新生儿低血糖等资料。结果巨大胎儿发生的相关因素有遗传因素、孕妇肥胖与身高、妊娠期糖代谢异常、过期妊娠、种族、地区、生活饮食习惯及经济状况、产次、男胎、羊水过多等。结论积极进行早期干预,正确诊断并选择恰当的分娩方式能降低巨大儿的发生率和减少母婴并发症的发生。     

膝骨性关节炎患者MRIUTE分级与VAS评分关系的研究

目的探讨膝骨性关节炎（knee-osterarthritis,KOA）患者的MRI检查超短波长序列（UTE）分级与膝关节疼痛程度的关系。方法收集66例KOA患者的临床资料,对股骨内侧髁软骨UTE进行分级,就诊时患者的疼痛程度进行视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）,比较不同UTE分级患者的VAS评分,并对两者的关系作相关性分析。结果VAS评分均为重度疼痛时,UTE分级0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级者所占比例分别为10.0%（1/10）、21.7%（5/23）、33.3%（7/21）、50.0%（6/12）,差异有统计学意义（字2=5.936,P＜0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,股骨远端内侧髁软骨UTE分级与VAS评分存在相关性（r=0.62,P＜0.01）。结论KOA患者的MRIUTE分级与膝关节疼痛程度存在相关性。     

The genetic load for hereditary hearing impairment in Chinese population and its clinical implication

Objective To understand the genetic load in the Chinese population for improvement in diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation of deafness. Methods DNA samples, immortalized cell lines as well as detailed clinical and audiometric data were collected through a national genetic resources collecting network. Two conventional genetic approaches were used in the studies. Linkage analysis in X chromosome and autosomes with microsatellite markers were performed in large families for gene mapping and positional cloning of novel genes. Candidate gene approach was used for screening the mtDNA 12SrRNA, GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutations in population-based samples. Results A total of 2,572 Chinese hearing loss families or sporadic cases were characterized in the reported studies, including seven X-linked, one Y-linked, 28 large and multiplex autosomal dominant heating loss families, 607 simplex autosomal recessive hereditary hearing loss families, 100 mitochondrial inheritance families, 147 GJB2 induced heating loss cases, 230 cases with enlarged vestibular aqueduct(EVA) syndrome, 169 sporadic cases with auditory neuropathy, and 1,283 sporadic sensorineural hearing loss cases. Through linkage analysis or sequence analysis, two X-linked families were found transmitting two novel mutations in the POU3F4 gene, while another X-linked family was mapped onto a novel locus, nominated as A UNX1 (auditory neuropathy, X-linked locus 1). The only Y-linked family was mapped onto the DFNY1 locus(Y-linked locus 1, DFNY1). Eight of the 28 autosomal dominant families were linked to various autosomal loci. In population genetics studies, 2,567 familial cases and sporadic patients were subjected to mutation screening for three common hearing loss genes: mtDNA 12S rRNA 1555G, GJB2 and SLC26A4. The auditory neuropathy cases in our samples were screened for OTOF gene mutations. Conclusions These data show that the Chinese population has a genetic load on hereditary heating loss. Establishing personalized surveillance and prevention models for hearing loss based on genetic research will provide the opportunity to decrease the prevalence of deafness in the Chinese population.     

嗓音障碍疾病GRBAS听主观评估特点分析

目的 探讨嗓音障碍疾病GRBAS听主观评估特征.方法 对1 780例嗓音障碍患者行GRBAS评估,包括:听主观总嘶哑度G、粗糙度R、气息度B、无力度A、紧张度S 分级评估,根据疾病种类进行统计分析.结果 声带接触性肉芽肿、慢性单纯性喉炎、声带角化、声带小结、痉挛性发声障碍G、R评估以轻度异常为主,B评估多为正常和轻度异常,除痉挛性发声障碍S评估异常者达85%外,余几种嗓音障碍疾病A、S评估异常者少见;声带息肉、声带囊肿、声带任克水肿G、R、B评估以轻、中度异常为主,A、S评估异常者少见;声带良性肿瘤、声门癌、病理性声带沟、单侧声带麻痹、功能性发声障碍G、B评估以重度异常为主,声带良性肿瘤、声门癌R评估以重度为主,病理性声带沟、单侧声带麻痹R评估中度异常为主,而功能性发声障碍各级比例相近,这几种疾病的嗓音A评估虽然仍以正常者居多,但异常者明显增加,达23%～47%,S评估除功能性发声障碍异常者多达50%,余未见异常.所有嗓音障碍疾病中,声带接触性肉芽肿在G、R、A、S评估中最轻,痉挛性发声障碍在B评估中最轻,声门癌在G、R评估中最重,单侧声带麻痹在B、A评估中最重,痉挛性发声障碍在S评估中最重.从R、B、A、S与G的相关性看,痉挛性发声障碍S与G显著相关(r=0.717),其他各嗓音疾病均为R、B与G显著相关(r＝0.582～0.965),其中,声带接触性肉芽肿、慢性单纯性喉炎、声带角化、声带小结、声带息肉、声带囊肿、声带任克水肿、声带良性肿瘤、声门癌为R与G相关性最高(r＝0.885～0.965),病理性声带沟、单侧声带麻痹、功能性发声障碍则B与G相关性最高(r＝0.746～0.833).结论 GRBAS听主观评估嗓音障碍不仅可显示嗓音障碍的程度,而且可间接反映发声时声带的基本特征,不同嗓音疾病具有不同特点,与声带病变的病理生理改变具有一致性.     

OSAHS患者H-UPPP术后嗓音变化研究

目的探讨成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OS-AHS）患者行改良悬雍垂腭咽成形术（H-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,H-UPPP）前后声道共鸣腔的变化对发音的影响。方法用美国Tiger公司的DrSpeech4．0软件,对56例成人OSAHS患者于H～UPPP手术前后,平稳自然的发／e／音,行嗓音声学参数及共振峰分析,并与40例正常对照组比较。结果除标准化噪声能量在手术前后有显著性差异外,OSAHS患者手术前后的其他嗓音声学参数均无统计学差异。OSAHS患者术前第一共振峰及带宽、第二共振峰及带宽、第三共振峰均明显低于正常;术后一周时的第一及第二共振峰均低于正常对照,但与术前无统计学差异;术后一月时的共振峰均与正常对照无显著性差异。结论H-UPPP手术通过解除OSAHS患者上气道的阻塞性因素及进行咽腔的塑形,改变声道共鸣腔,能够改变OSAHS患者的发声特点及音质,术后随时间的延长,共振峰频率逐渐增高,接近正常水平。     

领悟社会支持在恶性肿瘤患者性格优势与应对方式间的中介效应

目的 了解恶性肿瘤患者性格优势、领悟社会支持及应对方式现状,探讨三者的关系。方法 以便利抽样法选取235例恶性肿瘤患者,采用一般资料调查表、三维度性格优势问卷、领悟社会支持量表、医学应对方式问卷进行调查。结果 恶性肿瘤患者性格优势总分（52.40±4.34）分,领悟社会支持总分（62.55±7.42）分,应对方式中面对、回避、屈服维度得分分别为（17.57±3.33）分、（16.08±2.49）分、（8.70±2.12）分。性格优势与领悟社会支持、面对及回避呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,屈服与性格优势、领悟社会支持呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。领悟社会支持在性格优势与屈服间起部分中介作用,间接效应占总效应的21.04%。结论 恶性肿瘤患者性格优势为中等水平,领悟社会支持为高支持状态,最常使用的应对方式是回避,性格优势可以通过领悟社会支持影响患者应对方式。建议医护人员制订基于性格优势的干预措施,调动并利用患者的社会支持系统,促进患者积极应对疾病。     

北京部分汉族男性维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ多态性与骨密度的关系

背景：骨质疏松症是受遗传和环境因素共同作用的多因子复杂疾病。维生素D受体基因多态性被认为是调控骨量的重要遗传因素,但在不同种族人群中的研究结果仍存在争议。 目的：观察维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ多态性与北京地区部分汉族男性骨密度的关系,以探求北京地区男性骨质疏松症的遗传易感性。 设计、时间及地点：随机对照试验,在2004-09/2007-12在解放军第二炮兵总医院内分泌科和解放军总医院老年病研究所分子生物学实验室共同完成。 对象：筛选2004-09/2006-12长期居住北京地区无血缘关系的20~80岁健康汉族男性230人。 方法：用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)分析法检测受试者维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ基因型,使用双能X射线吸收测定法检测随机抽取的100例受试者腰椎和髋部的骨密度。 主要观察指标：①受试者年龄、身高、体质量。②受试者维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ基因型。③受试者L2~4椎体、股骨颈、大转子及Wards三角部位骨密度。 结果：受试者维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ的基因型及基因频率的分布为FF 36.96%,Ff 46.96%,ff 16.08%,符合Hardy-Weinberg定律;校正年龄、体质量、身高和体质量指数对骨密度的影响后,40~59岁年龄段男性ff基因型组骨密度较FF,Ff基因型低(P=0.037)。其余各年龄段、各部位ff基因型组骨密度大多低于FF,Ff基因型,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 结论：北京地区汉族男性维生素D受体基因Fok Ⅰ多态性分型与骨密度之间可能存在一定关联,该项检测对筛查男性骨质疏松症高危人群的意义需进一步研究。