骨髓间质干细胞移植治疗大鼠急性心肌梗死的病理学观察

目的:观察急性心肌梗死大鼠行骨髓间质干细胞移植后受损心肌组织的病理形态学变化。方法:实验于2004-01/2005-06在上海胸科医院完成。选取健康成年雌性SD大鼠40只,随机数字表法分为骨髓间质干细胞注射组、模型对照组,20只/组。①两组大鼠均建立心肌梗死模型。造模0.5h后,骨髓间质干细胞注射组于结扎点下方缺血区域组织注射Dill标记的骨髓间质干细胞3×106个,模型对照组心肌缺血区域注射100μL生理盐水。②造模后4～6周处死两组大鼠,取出心脏,剪除双侧心房及右心室,沿左心室长轴由心尖到底部做3mm厚切片,镜下观察心肌梗死区域病理组织学表现。③选择心肌梗死表现明显的蜡块切片,行酸性复红染色,用LeicaQWin多媒体彩色病理图文分析软件进行图像分析,自动测量出切片中心肌梗死组织占总面积的百分比。免疫组化检测梗死心肌血管内皮生长因子和FactorⅧ蛋白因子的表达情况。结果:40只大鼠均进入结果分析。①梗死心肌的病理形态学观察:光镜下两组均可见大小不等的心肌梗死灶,梗死心肌区域细胞肿胀坏死,严重缺血坏死区出现心肌溶解。但骨髓间质干细胞注射组上述改变明显弱于模型对照组,其心肌梗死中层可见条索状的梗死灶及纤维瘢痕灶,并且有残存的心肌呈岛状散在分布,纤维瘢痕区域心肌细胞、微血管和毛细血管数量均明显增加,侧支循环丰富。另外,骨髓间质干细胞移植组于造模初期4只大鼠心内膜面有灶性软骨生成,向心室腔突起。②梗死心肌面积百分率的检测:骨髓间质干细胞注射组梗死心肌面积百分率明显低于模型对照组[(3.69±0.48)%,(19.20±1.77)%,t=7.621～10.820,P=0.001]。③梗死心肌血管内皮生长因子和FactorⅧ免疫组化检测:骨髓间质干细胞注射组血管内皮生长因子、FactorⅧ呈阳性表达,模型对照组未检测到血管内皮生长因子和FactorⅧ。结论:骨髓间质干细胞在大鼠心脏内可以转化为血管内皮细胞或分泌血管内皮生长因子,是治疗缺血性心血管疾病理想的细胞来源。心内膜面有灶性软骨生成可能是由于注射细胞时进针太深,警示注意骨髓间质干细胞移植的副反应。     

Effects of silymarin,cabergoline and letrozole on rat model of endometriosis

Objective

Silymarin as an herbal drug has potent antioxidant effects that could make it a good choice for endometriosis therapy. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of silymarin as an herbal drug on induced endometrial lesion in rat model of endometriosis.

The effect of adherence to high-quality dietary pattern on COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dietary quality and patterns may influence SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes, but scientific data and evidence to support such a role are lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to elucidate the effect of prepandemic diet quality on the risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to September 1, 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to calculate each outcome's risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Five studies including 4 023 663 individuals (3 149 784 high-quality diet individuals and 873 881 controls) were included in the present meta-analysis. The effectiveness of high-quality dietary pattern against SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization was 28% (95% CI 19%–36%) and 62% (95% CI 25%–80%); respectively. Subgroup analysis based on different levels of diet quality showed no difference between middle and high levels of diet quality in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection. Interestingly, subgroup analysis based on the different types of high-quality diets and the risk of COVID-19 infection revealed that the effectiveness of plant-based diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 50% (95% CI 30%–65%); while the effectiveness of Mediterranean diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 22% (95% CI 12%–31%). Adherence to a high-quality dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. More studies are required to confirm these findings, and future studies should determine the biological mechanisms underlying the association between diet quality and risk of COVID-19 infection.     

Tranexamic acid microinjections versus tranexamic acid mesoneedling in the treatment of facial melasma: A randomized assessor-blind split-face controlled trial

Background

Melasma is a hyperpigmentary disorder causing cosmetic disfigurement. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) microinjections with TXA mesoneedling for facial melasma.

Methods

This randomized assessor-blind split-face controlled trial included patients with symmetric facial melasma. One side of the face received TXA (100 mg/ml) mesoneedling and the other side intradermal TXA microinjections. The interventions were repeated three times with 4-week intervals (weeks 0, 4, and 8). The primary outcome was improvement in modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) 4 weeks after the final treatment session. Secondary outcomes were complications and patient satisfaction with the treatments evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

All 27 patients included in the study were female (mean age: 44.22 ± 8.39 years). Both groups were comparable in terms of mMASI scores before and after treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.22; 0.85, p = 0.248 and SMD = −0.13, 95% CI −0.66; 0.40, p = 0.633, respectively). The mMASI score change from baseline was not different (SMD = −0.39, 95% CI −0.93; 0.15, p = 0.157). However, patient satisfaction was significantly higher with TXA mesoneedling (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI 0.21; 1.32, p = 0.007). Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurred in one patient in the TXA mesoneedling group. Erythema, scaling, and edema were significantly higher with TXA mesoneedling (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

TXA mesoneedling was comparable with TXA microinjection in the treatment of facial melasma, while patient satisfaction was significantly higher with TXA mesoneedling; however, the high frequency of complications occurring with this treatment should be taken into account.     

A case report of prostate adenocarcinoma with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and intracerebral metastasis

Despite the fact that prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men, metastases to the central nervous system including leptomeningeal involvement by prostate carcinoma is a rare event. The prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer is very poor due to lack of CNS penetrating therapeutic agents.