Recovery of visual field function in the optic neuritis treatment trial

PURPOSE: To assess the pattern of recovery of the visual field of patients with optic neuritis and to determine whether all affected portions of the visual field recover similarly or certain portions of the visual field have greater recovery. METHODS: We reviewed the Humphrey Visual Field (Allergan-Humphrey Inc, San Leandro, California) data from the initial and 6-month examination for the involved and fellow eyes of patients enrolled in the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT). The average threshold for each patient was calculated for the entire tested field and for locations within concentric rings having a radius 3, 9, 15, 21, and 27 degrees from fixation. The absolute amount of improvement and percentage improvement in average threshold between entry and the 6-month follow-up examination were determined for each patient. These measurements were compared within the concentric rings to assess patterns of recovery. RESULTS: Patients with localized defects recovered 86%+/-20% of their initial defect in average threshold, whereas those having diffuse defects recovered an average of 85%+/-23%. The area about fixation had the greatest relative recovery of threshold (87%+/-21% at 3 degrees); the relative recovery decreased with increasing eccentricity from fixation (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with optic neuritis have a marked return of visual field function that does not appear to differ between patients with diffuse or localized field defects. The reduced redundancy of axons in the periphery of the field compared with near fixation may be responsible for the greater relative recovery of threshold near fixation.     

人眼眩光失能测定及其临床意义

目的:观察国产仪器测定眩光失能的性能与规律,并讨论其临床意义。方法:采用MGT—1多功能视觉眩光测试仪(海军医学研究所研制),按规定方法操作。测定正常人30名56眼(矫正视力全部≥1.0,晶体透明,无其他明显眼病),晶体混浊患者15人27眼。测定目标亮度及眩光亮度设置为中—中及弱—中两档分别模拟白天及夜间眩光失能。结果:中—中状态下,眩光失能值正常人均值为9.22%(全距0～31),低于晶体混浊者(24.05%,全距9～67),两者差异显著。正常眼在弱—中状态眩光失能值较中—中状态明显(均值20.12%,全距0～56)。不同频率条件对正常及晶体混浊眼眩光失能的影响不同,低频及中频较高频区的影响明显。结论:作为视功能评论指标,眩光失能检查是一种实用方法。在眼科临床及人体工效学上具有重要的意义。     

Studies on the sorption of elemental mercury vapor by soils

Mercury vapor sorption by soil increased curvilinearly with the increase of soil moisture content until a maximum was reached. A further increase of moisture content caused a decline in mercury sorption. The percent moisture contents which gave maximal increase of²⁰³Hg vapor sorption in these soils coincide quite closely with their water-holding capacity values at 1/3 bar.Soil microorganisms may play a part in moist soil for the increase of elemental mercury vapor sorption and subsequent transformation to mercuric form.Mercury vapor diffused into both dry and moist soil columns and the diffusion profile can be described by an exponential function of the form, y=ae^–bx, where a is the adsorption characteristics of the soil, b is the diffusivity coefficient and x is the depth of soil. The diffusivity coefficient for mercury vapor varied with the soil type and its moisture content.Supported in part by grant R-803948 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical Paper No. 5489, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station.     

反复流产患者的中医护理对策

目的 :探讨结合现代护理观为指导的具有中医特色的整体护理模式。方法 :运用中医基础理论知识 ,针对引起反复流产患者的病因 ,将患者主要分为内分泌异常型、免疫异常型、生殖道异常型、感染型、全身性疾病影响型、染色体异常型施以护理。结果 :依据不同证型 ,有的放矢的实施护理 ,使患者明确了引起反复流产的根本原因、治疗措施、注意事项、预防保健方法 ,消除了紧张、恐惧、焦虑等心理障碍 ,树立了再次妊娠的信心 ,提高了妊娠成功率     

神阙穴敷贴对原发性骨质疏松症骨钙素的影响

目的　观察神阙穴贴补血益精透皮贴对原发性骨质疏松症骨钙素 (BGP)的影响。方法　选择原发性骨质疏松症患者130名 ,分神阙穴贴药组 (补血益精穴位透皮贴剂 )、西药组 (羟乙磷酸钠片 )、中药组 (补血益精药丸 )、空白对照组。结果和结论　穴位敷贴组能显著提高骨钙素 (7.69± 1.65 )。穴位敷贴组与中药组 (7.82± 0 .99)和西药对照组 (7.13± 0 .89)对原发性骨质疏松症的骨钙素调整作用基本一致 (P>0 .0 5 )。     

多巴胺对大鼠移植肾热缺血再灌注损伤的预处理

目的　观察在大鼠的热缺血再灌注损伤的动物模型中多巴胺的前处理是否可以降低肾脏的免疫活性。方法　♂Lewis大鼠缺血前给予不同浓度多巴胺 (2、5、10 μg·kg-1·min-1)持续灌注 4 8h ,对照组用生理盐水。灌注后夹住左肾动脉 1h ,取右肾检测血氧化酶 (HO 1) ,5d后取左肾用于免疫组化分析。结果　多巴胺的前处理可以降低肾脏单核吞噬细胞的浸润和MHC Ⅱ的表达 ,提高肾脏HO 1的含量。结论　多巴胺的前处理可以降低缺血再灌注损伤肾脏的免疫活性。     

高频振荡通气及联合硫酸镁治疗新生猪重症胎粪吸入综合征的实验研究

目的　探讨高频振荡通气 (HFOV)及联合硫酸镁 (Mg SO4 )治疗合并持续肺动脉高压(PPH)的重症胎粪吸入综合征 (MAS)模型氧合、循环功能 ,血镁浓度及肺组织病理改变。　方法　以2 0 %胎粪混悬液制备重症 MAS模型 ,健康新生猪随机分为 3组 ,即模型 HFOV治疗组 (HFOV组 ,n= 6 ) ,HFOV+Mg SO4 治疗组 (HFOV+Mg SO4 组 ,n=7) ,HFOV对照组 (对照组 ,n=5 ) ,HFOV+Mg SO4 组同时静脉持续泵入 Mg SO4 。监测生命体征、血气、血镁浓度。　结果　 (1) HFOV和 HFOV+Mg SO4 治疗均使 MAS模型动脉血氧分压 (Pa O2 )、动脉血氧 /肺泡血氧分压比 (a/ APO2 )增加 ,肺泡-动脉血氧分压差 (A- a DO2 )、肺内分流 (Qs/ Qt)降低 ,治疗 30 min与治疗前比差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。HFOV组各时间点 Pa O2 、a/ APO2 低于对照组 ,A- a DO2 、Qs/ Qt高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。HFOV+Mg SO4 组治疗 12 0 m in后上述指标与对照组差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。 (2 )尽管氧合功能改善 ,单独 HFOV对重症 MAS的 PPH无降低作用 ,联合 Mg SO4 治疗 30 min即可有效降低 PPH(P<0 .0 5 ) ,并保持疗效。(3) HFOV组较 HFOV+Mg SO4 组有明显肺出血 ,出血沿肺段、小叶分布 ,两组病理评分差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (4) HFOV+Mg SO4 组血镁浓度较治疗     

复方寄生流浸膏对高血压动物模型降压作用的研究

为探讨复方寄生流浸膏(主药：桑寄生、淫洋藿、女贞子、生黄芪、泽泻等)治疗高血压的疗效，观察该药单次用药与连续14d用药对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和肾性高血压模型犬(RHD)的降压作用，并与牛黄降压丸、硝苯地平胶囊比较。结果：复方寄生流浸膏对SHR和RHD单次给药和多次给药均有显著的降压作用；这种作用起效缓慢，但维持时间相对较长；在一定剂量范围内呈明显的量效关系。提示该药有降压作用。     

288例老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌分布特性及药敏分析

目的: 了解老年呼吸道感染患者病原菌的分布特点及药敏特性.方法: 对288例老年呼吸道感染患者痰样本(NCCLS法)进行细菌培养,K-B纸片法进行药敏测定.结果: 患者痰中共检出病原菌400株,细菌280株,其中G-杆菌147株,占36.75%, G 球菌133株,占33.25%.肺炎克雷伯菌及铜绿假单胞菌最敏感药的是头孢他啶,敏感率均为40%以上,肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌最敏感药的是万古霉素;检出真菌120株,占30%,以白色念珠菌为主.结论: 进行病原菌跟踪监测及时的药敏试验,对及时控制老年呼吸道感染,是不可缺少的重要环节.     

听神经瘤引起突发性听力减退

为了避免听神经瘤的误诊误治，对１９８６￣１９９５年收治听神经瘤１０４例中２３例（２４耳）首发症状表现为突发性听力减退者（占２３％）的病例进行分析。听力学检测：纯音听阈〉７１ｄＢ ＨＬ者１３耳，占５４．２％，听性脑干反应（ＡＢＲ）检测均有异常；耳蜗电图－ＳＰ／ＡＰ检测９耳中７耳〉０．４，占７７．８％，声反射检测１１耳均消失。眼震电图检测１８例，１７例异常（占９４．４％），影像学检查ＣＴ阳性率８８．８