肱骨干骨折内固定的选择及应注意的问题

目的正确选择肱骨干骨折手术内固定.方法对107例肱骨干骨折分别进行交锁髓内钉(34例)、加压钢板(29例)、Y型钢板(38例)、螺钉(6例)等内固定,并随访比较分析. 结果所有病例均得到随访,平均随访6.3个月.交锁髓内钉、螺钉内固定组全部愈合;加压钢板内固定组愈合26例,伴桡神经损伤2例;Y型钢板内固定组全部愈合,伴肘关节僵硬2例. 结论根据肱骨干骨折的部位和类型选用适当的内固定方法,骨折愈合良好,可有效的减少并发症的发生.     

Influence of age on the mortality from acute pancreatitis

The influence of age on the mortality rate of 268 patients with acute pancreatitis was studied. The hospital mortality rate for patients aged below 50 years was 5.9 per cent. The figure increased to 21.3 per cent in patients aged over 75; the high mortality was accounted for by a higher incidence of deaths related to concomitant medical or surgical diseases in the same hospital admission rather than to complications resulting directly from the pathological process of acute pancreatitis. When only deaths due to complications of acute pancreatitis were analysed, the mortality rate was not significantly different between the young and elderly groups. Moreover, the complication rate and the proportion of patients having severe disease (judged by the number of prognostic signs) were not higher in the elderly. Thus acute pancreatitis was intrinsically not more serious were it not for the presence of concomitant diseases with advanced age.     

中国蒙,汉族酒依赖与醇脱氢酶和醛脱氢酶基因多态性的相关研究

为探讨醇脱氢酶（ＡＤＨ）基因和醛脱氢酶（ＡＬＤＨ）基因多态性与酒依赖患病的相互关系，用耳血干血痕聚合酶链反应、等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针方法，检测乙醇代谢酶ＡＤＨ和ＡＬＤＨ基因型在我国蒙、汉民族酒依赖与非酒依赖者中分布频率。结果显示在酒依赖组（汉族５２例，蒙族３１例）与正常对照组（汉族４８例，蒙族３５例）之间：汉族的ＡＬＤＨ２基因型频率与等位基因频率的分布差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），而蒙族则表示为ＡＤＨ２基因型频率与等位基因频率的分布差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。这提示汉族酒依赖的发病与ＡＬＤＨ２基因有关，蒙族则与ＡＤＨ２基因有关。     

小儿早期睾丸卵黄囊瘤12例报告

目的：提高对小儿早期睾丸卵黄囊瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法：回顾性分析12例小儿早期睾丸卵黄囊瘤的病例资料。结果：12例患者术前行阴囊B超示睾丸增大，内部回声不均匀，7例可见睾丸内积液改变；甲胎蛋白(AFP)值均明显升高。12例均行根治性睾丸切除术，术后行病理检查确诊。术前、术后均未行化疗，9例随诊5年未见复发，2002年就诊的3例目前未见复发症状。结论：小儿早期睾丸卵黄囊瘤可根据相关检查结果，结合病理检查确诊。治疗方法为行根治性睾丸切除，可不作化疗，预后较好。     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ对软骨细胞凋亡的抑制

目的:探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)对软骨细胞增殖及白细胞介素-1(IL-1)诱导软骨细胞凋亡的影响,揭示其抗损伤作用机制,为关节软骨损伤治疗提供理论依据。方法:分离培养人胚胎关节软骨细胞,采用四氮甲基唑蓝(MTT)法测定不同含量软骨细胞增殖活性的变化,利用光镜、电镜、DNA电泳及流式细胞仪测定作为凋亡检测指标。结果:IGF-Ⅰ呈剂量依赖式促软骨细胞增殖,当IGF-Ⅰ含量达50μg/L时,促软骨细胞增殖作用达最大值。IL-1组光镜、电镜下可见典型的细胞凋亡形态学改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳示特征性的DNA梯状条带,IGF-Ⅰ处理组未见明显凋亡征象。流式细胞仪检测发现,IGF-Ⅰ处理后软骨细胞凋亡率显著降低。结论:IGF-Ⅰ能促进软骨细胞增殖,对IL-1诱导的软骨细胞凋亡具有保护作用。     

Dynamic evaluation of 18F-FDG uptake by microPET and whole-body autoradiography in a fibrosarcoma-bearing mouse model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fluorine-18-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) has been used in the clinic as a diagnostic radiotracer for monitoring many kinds of tumors, but its value for monitoring fibrosarcoma is not well established. METHODS: In this study, the uptake of 18F-FDG in a fibrosarcoma-bearing mouse model was evaluated using the high resolution positron emission tomography (PET) system microPET. Tumor cells were implanted in 3 FVB/N mice, and static microPET scanning was performed on day 1, 7, 12 and 15 after implantation. A dynamic microPET image was scanned on day 12 to determine the 18F-FDG uptake in 3 other tumor-bearing mice. Time-activity curves were plotted by drawing regions of interest in the tumor, liver, kidneys and muscles. The mice were sacrificed after dynamic microPET imaging and whole-body autoradiography (WBAR) was performed. For biodistribution study, 9 tumor-bearing mice, 3 per experimental group, were studied at 3 time points and the results were compared with the static microPET images. RESULTS: MicroPET images suggested that 18F-FDG could be used to monitor the growth of tumors 7 days after implantation. Dynamic scans of 18F-FDG uptake reached a plateau in the tumor after 20 minutes on day 12 after implantation. Both microPET and WBAR revealed evidence of tumor necrosis. The results of biodistribution and WBAR agreed with those from microPET images. CONCLUSION: MicroPET was useful for monitoring the growth of fibrosarcoma and determination of the maximal uptake time point of 18F-FDG in tumors in this tumor-bearing mouse model.     

Model invariant method for extracting single-channel mean open and closed times from heterogeneous multichannel records.

We present a proof that the mean open (and closed) times of the individual channels in a multichannel record can be found in a model-independent fashion. As the results are model independent, they can be derived by assuming the simplest model for all the channels, namely that they all have the basic CLOSED in equilibrium with OPEN scheme. In particular, the method can be applied to patches where the channel population is heterogenous with respect to open probability. Multichannel simulations are performed to test the limits of applicability of this method to restricted amounts of data. One conclusion is that increasing the number of channels does not substantially reduce the errors in estimating the mean times, in spite of the 'increased information' present. We also prove the general applicability of the algorithm of Fenwick et al. (1982) in estimating the mean times without knowledge of the number of channels present, and discuss its limitations. An illustration using experimental data is also given.