系统性红斑狼疮患者的症状群及其网络分析

目的 描述系统性红斑狼疮患者症状群的构成,并运用网络分析探索群内症状之间的关系,为症状管理提供依据。方法 采取便利抽样原则选取201例系统性红斑狼疮患者为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、系统性红斑狼疮症状清单对患者进行调查。症状群的提取采用探索性因子分析,以JASP软件绘制网络分析图及各症状中心指标图,分析群内症状之间的关系。结果 系统性红斑狼疮患者疲劳的发生率最高(64.7%),共提取5个症状群：疲劳相关症状群、体质量增加相关症状群、瘙痒-疼痛相关症状群、皮肤改变症状群、身体形象症状群。经过网络分析,对太阳光过敏在所有集群中的强度和紧密度最高,情绪改变的中介度最高。结论 系统性红斑狼疮患者存在症状群,各症状的影响强度不同。临床医护人员需密切关注患者症状,通过改善核心症状来改变群内与之相关的其他症状,进一步提高患者的生活质量。     

"术前体质辨证、术后快速整体康复" 模式在剖宫产的临床应用

[目的] 观察并验证在"术前体质辨证、术后快速整体康复"理念模式的指导下,运用中医活血祛瘀、健旺脾胃、固本培元等方法,促进剖宫产术后伤口愈合和整体康复,从而提高术后生活质量,达到快速整体康复为目的的临床疗效.[方法] 以2000 年1月至2005年12月符合入选标准的产妇 5500 例作为对照组,以2006年1月至2007年8月符合入选标准的产妇2 300例作为治疗组.治疗组根据产前体质辨证,产后以中药体质调理并配合耳针、穴位贴敷、穴位注射等综合疗法治疗.对照组围手术期使用抗生素预防感染,并配合能量合剂、维生素等支持疗法.观察两组产妇术后伤口感染和伤口疼痛评分、胃肠道反应、术后胃肠道排气排便时间、泌乳情况、宫底下降高度、产后24 h出血量以及血常规中白细胞计数等指标.[结果] 治疗组术后在伤口疼痛评分、伤口感染及胃肠道反应方面均较对照组明显减轻,排气排便时间提早,泌乳增加,与对照组比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05).[结论]"术前体质辨证、术后快速整体康复"模式在剖宫产中的应用,可使产妇顺利、快速地度过产后康复全过程.     

Biomechanical Study of Intramedullary Versus Extramedullary Implants for Four Types of Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture

ObjectivesTo compare the biomechanical performance of proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation (PFNA), the “upside‐down” less invasive plating system (LISS), and proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP) in fixing different fracture models of subtrochanteric fractures.MethodsThirty composite femurs were divided into three equal groups (PFNA, PFLP, and reverse LISS). The implant‐femur constructs were tested under axial compression load (0–1400 N) from models I to IV, which represented the Seinsheimer type I subtrochanteric fracture, type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment reduced; type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment lost; and type IV subtrochanteric fracture, respectively. Axial stiffness was analyzed for each group. Each group was then divided into two subgroups, one of which underwent torsional and axial compression failure testing, while the other subgroup underwent axial compression fatigue testing. The torsional stiffness, failure load, and cycles to failure were analyzed.ResultsPFNA had the highest axial stiffness (F = 761.265, p < 0.0001) and failure load (F = 48.801, p < 0.0001) in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were significantly higher than those of the LISS (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001). However, no significant difference in axial stiffness was found between models I to III (model I: F = 2.439, p = 0.106; model II: F = 2.745, p = 0.082; model III: F = 0.852, p = 0.438) or torsional stiffness in model IV (F = 1.784, p = 0.187). In fatigue testing, PFNA did not suffer from construct failure after 90,000 cycles of axial compression. PFLP and LISS were damaged within 14,000 cycles, although LISS withstood more cycles than PFLP (t = 3.328, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe axial stiffness of the three implants was similar in models I to III. The biomechanical properties of PFNA were the best of the three implants in terms of axial stiffness, failure load, and fatigue testing cycles in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were better than those of the reverse LISS, but PFLP had fewer cycles in the fatigue tests than the reverse LISS.     

Thyroid dysfunction during PD-1 inhibitor treatment in patients with cancer: Incidence and association with progression-free survival

The use of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors has recently been approved in China. As a consequence, the identification of relevant prognostic markers that can assess the efficacy of these compounds is required. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the incidence of thyroid dysfunction and its ability to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in Chinese patients with cancer who received PD-1 inhibitor treatment. Data from 72 patients with cancer who received treatment with PD-1 inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapy or targeted drugs were analyzed. Moreover, the expression levels of free triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotropin during treatment were assessed to evaluate thyroid dysfunction. A total of 26 (36.1%) patients who had received PD-1 inhibitors developed thyroid dysfunction. Specifically, the incidence of thyroid dysfunction was 35.6% in patients with lung cancer, 25.0% in patients with malignant melanoma, and 46.7% in patients with other types of cancer. In addition, the median PFS was 7.0 (95% confidence interval, 4.9-9.1) months, whereas the 1- and 2-year PFS rates were 35.1 and 26.2%, respectively. Generally, patients with thyroid dysfunction exhibited longer PFS compared with those without thyroid dysfunction (P=0.001). Subgroup analyses were subsequently performed, which demonstrated that thyroid dysfunction was associated with longer PFS in patients with malignant melanoma (P=0.039) and other types of cancer (P=0.002), but not in those with lung cancer (P=0.083). These findings were noted in patients who received PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (P=0.003), but not PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy (P=0.172) or PD-1 inhibitor plus targeted therapy (P=0.582). Finally, thyroid dysfunction [P=0.001; hazard ratio (HR)=0.260] and PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (P=0.015; HR=2.231) were identified as independent factors that could predict PFS. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that thyroid dysfunction during PD-1 inhibitor treatment could be used as a potential marker for the prognosis of favorable PFS in patients with cancer.     

局部植入BMP对去势大鼠股骨近端生物力学强度及髓腔面积变化的影响

目的探讨去势大鼠股骨近段植入牛骨形成蛋白(bone morphorgeneic protein,BMP)后其骨生物力学强度及髓腔面积的变化。方法随机选取6月龄wistar雌性大鼠22只,摘除卵巢制作绝经后骨质疏松模型成功后,同一只动物双侧肢体对照,试验侧股骨颈植入牛骨形成蛋白及纤维蛋白(FS)复合物,对照侧植入纤维蛋白,术后4周、8周处死取材,测量股骨近端生物力学强度及髓腔面积和截面面积。结果4周后,试验侧与对照侧股骨近端骨生物力学强度和髓腔面积无明显差异;8周后,试验侧股骨近端生物力学强度较对照侧增高;髓腔面积较对照侧有较明显的减小(P<0.05)。结论股骨近端局部植入BMP可提高去势大鼠股骨近端局部的生物力学强度和减小近端髓腔面积和截面积,其可能减少骨质疏松性髋部骨折置换后假体的松动,成为骨质疏松性骨折假体置换中新的辅助治疗方法。     

长效钙离子拮抗剂在稳定型心绞痛中的应用

目的观察比较长效钙离子拮抗剂（CCB）在治疗稳定型心绞痛患者中的疗效。方法188例稳定型心绞痛患者进行随机双盲CCB和安慰剂对照研究,其中包括拜新同30 mg与安慰剂两种。结果两组采用不同药物治疗的患者1年内死亡数,校正χ^2=3.78,P〈0.05;两组治疗后患者的1年内致残性卒中数,χ^2=3.93,P〈0.05,两样本率间差异有统计学意义;两组治疗后患者的1年内心肌梗死发生数,χ^2=4.34,P〈0.05,两样本率间差异有统计学意义。结论早期联合应用CCB对稳定型心绞痛患者是有利的,可以有效解除冠状动脉痉挛,改善缺血区的供血供氧,缓解临床症状,防止进展为心肌梗死;有效降低致残性脑卒中的风险,提高患者的生存质量。     

甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病的围术期处理

目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）性心脏病的围术期处理的方法与效果。方法对98例甲亢性心脏病围手术期的处理措施和效果结合文献进行分析总结。结果98例经充分术前准备和精确的心功能评估达手术要求,再配合术中恰当的麻醉、轻柔快捷的手术、合理的术后处理,本组除1例中止手术外,其余均顺利完成手术,围术期无心血管并发症出现。结论甲亢性心脏病并非甲亢手术的禁忌证,A-B级心功能下进行手术是安全的。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期使用激素治疗与低血钾的关系分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者在病情加重时使用激素治疗与低血钾的关系.方法 回顾性分析73例COPD急性加重期使用激素治疗患者,按体重指数(BMI)进行分类比较,了解其与低血钾的关系.结果 超重患者低血钾发生率为31%, 不超重患者为6%,经χ2检验P＜0.05.结论 超重患者出现低血钾的机会较大,应多监测,及时补充和纠正,避免严重心律失常事件的发生.     

PRRSV Induces HMGB1 Phosphorylation at Threonine-51 Residue to Enhance Its Secretion

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to mediate inflammatory response that is involved in the pulmonary injury of infected pigs. Our previous study indicates that protein kinase C-delta (PKC-delta) is essential for HMGB1 secretion in PRRSV-infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism in HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection is still unclear. Here, we discovered that the phosphorylation level of HMGB1 in threonine residues increased in PRRSV-infected cells. A site-directed mutagenesis study showed that HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 was associated with HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of HMGB1 failed to precipitate PKC-delta, but interestingly, mass spectrometry analysis of the HMGB1 co-IP product showed that PRRSV infection enhanced HMGB1 binding to ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), which has various extra-ribosomal functions. The silencing of RPS3 by siRNA blocked HMGB1 secretion induced by PRRSV infection. Moreover, the phosphorylation of HMGB1 at threonine-51 was correlated with the interaction between HMGB1 and RPS3. In vivo, PRRSV infection also increased RPS3 levels and nuclear accumulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages. These results demonstrate that PRRSV may induce HMGB1 phosphorylation at threonine-51 and increase its interaction with RPS3 to enhance HMGB1 secretion. This finding provides insights into the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection.     

微动刺激幅值对骨组织与钛珠涂层界面的骨生长与微损伤的影响

目的 通过微动力学刺激改善人工关节生物固定界面的性能。 方法 以活性大鼠骨组织与非活性钛珠涂层的结合试样作为研究对象,利用自制的微动力学刺激试验装置,探究不同切向微动幅值的力学刺激对固定界面骨组织生长促进作用及骨组织微损伤的影响,揭示微动刺激下骨组织在钛珠涂层表面的促进生长与微损伤机制。 结果 微动幅为 40 μm 力学刺激组骨组织与钛珠涂层间的界面结合力最大,切向摩擦力-位移曲线由椭圆形转变为直线形,结合界面处于粘着区,不易产生松动,骨组织结构最完整,钛珠涂层表面黏附生长的组织细胞数量最多,分布范围最广。 随着微动幅值的增加,微动刺激对骨生长的促进作用减弱,骨组织与钛珠涂层界面间结合强度逐渐降低,内部空腔区域增多,组织细胞的数量及增殖活性也有不同程度的降低。 结论 不同幅值微动刺激对于组织的生长促进与微损伤同时存在,最优的微动幅值为 40 μm。