联合手术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变合并白内障的临床观察

目的观察玻璃体手术联合白内障超声乳化术治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)合并白内障的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月～2009年1月,对我科收治的48例(54眼)PDR合并不同程度白内障患者行白内障超声乳化联合玻璃体手术,观察术后视力改善程度及并发症。结果 51眼(94.44%)视力有不同程度提高,视力下降3眼(5.56%)。联合手术本身引起的最常见并发症包括虹膜新生血管(2眼)和后发性白内障(7眼)。结论玻璃体手术联合白内障超声乳化术治疗PDR合并白内障安全、有效。     

玻璃体切割术后兔晶状体纤维细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨玻璃体切割术后兔晶状体纤维细胞的凋亡及意义。方法将30只Dutch Belted兔按随机数字表法分为3组,每组10只。右眼行部分玻璃体切割术,玻璃体腔分别置换平衡盐溶液（BSS）、20％C3F8、硅油。术后1、3、7d,1个月、3个月观察晶状体混浊情况,组织病理学观察晶状体纤维细胞形态;原位末端核苷标记（TUNEL）法检测凋亡,并计算凋亡指数（AI）。对照组为健康兔眼晶状体。结果实验各组术后晶状体不同程度混浊;晶状体上皮细胞（LECs）下的纤维细胞核较对照组增大、变圆。实验组术后1d晶状体纤维细胞凋亡增加,3d、7d达高峰,1个月后凋亡减少。3个月内实验各组AI较对照组明显增高（P〈0．05）。结论玻璃体切割术可诱导晶状体纤维细胞凋亡增加,凋亡的增加可能是玻璃体切割术后并发性白内障的致病原因之一。     

糖尿病黄斑水肿患者白内障围手术期应用抗VEGF药物的疗效观察

目的 观察糖尿病黄斑水肿(DME)患者真实世界中白内障手术前后玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物的效果,进而观察DME患者白内障围手术期积极接受玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物疗效.方法 回顾性临床队列研究.回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年5月在郑州大学第一附属医院眼二科接受白内障超声乳化手术和玻璃体内注射抗...     

雷帕霉素靶分子信号转导通路在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变中的表达及意义

目的探讨雷帕霉素靶分子(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号转导通路在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变中的表达及意义。方法用RT-PCR、Western-blotting方法检测正常视网膜组织和增生膜组织中mTOR、p70S6k和4E-BP1的mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果与正常视网膜组织相比,在增生膜组织中mTOR、p70S6k的mRNA及蛋白表达增加,4E-BP1mRNA及蛋白表达减少,差异均具有统计学意义。结论激活的mTOR信号通路可能是促进增生性玻璃体视网膜病变形成的重要因素之一。     

溃疡性结肠炎组织中suPAR表达情况与炎性因子和肠道菌群的相关性

目的 探讨溃疡性结肠炎组织中可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体（suPAR）表达情况与炎性因子和肠道菌群的相关性。方法 选取2018年3月至2019年12月在我院诊治的90例溃疡性结肠炎患者作为研究对象,根据病情严重程度将其分为发作期组（50例）和缓解期组（40例）,同时随机选取同期的58例健康体检者作为对照组。检测三组研究对象suPAR表达情况、炎症因子相关指标[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血沉]、肠道菌群分布情况及菌群失调分级情况,分析溃疡性结肠炎患者组织中suPAR表达情况与炎性因子相关指标和肠道菌群的相关性。结果对照组、缓解期组和发作期组的suPAR表达情况、IL-6、CRP水平和血沉依次升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。发作期组中大肠杆菌的菌落数高于缓解期组和对照组,双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌菌落数低于缓解期组和对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。发作期组患者的菌群失调率最高,为70.0%;对照组的菌群失调率对低,为5.2%;缓解期组患者的菌群失调率介于发作期组和对照组之间,为50.0%。相关性分析结果显示,溃疡性结肠炎患者suPAR表...     

微波固定法防止视网膜脱离的实验研究

背景组织病理学检测过程中用传统的化学固定法固定完整的眼球标本易造成视网膜冲经纤维层的水肿,影响检测结果的评价。研究表明微波固定法可以避免待测组织的损伤,但操作过程中的影响因素尚待研究。目的探索微波法固定兔眼视网膜的适宜能量和时间参数,评价微波固定后视网睽结构的清晰度和视网膜的脱离情况。方法摘除22只新西兰大耳白兔的眼球,分为化学试剂组、微波组和微波＋化学试剂组。化学试剂组2只兔4只眼置于传统的冰醋酸＋甲醛＋氯仿（2：1：2）混合固定液中同定2d;微波组8只兔16只眼置于400ml水内,微波解冻档分别处理80、160、240、320S。微波＋化学试剂组12只兔24只眼微波处理后辅以化学试剂㈣定l～2h。结果微波组处弹240S即可得到眼组织结构染色清晰的苏木精一伊红染色切片,与化学试剂组同定效果相似;微波＋化学试剂组固定的视网膜结构更清晰。微波组视网膜脱离面积为16．3％±11．5％,化学试剂组为50．0％±24．5％,微波＋化学试剂组为6．7％±7．8％,3组间差异均有统计学意义（F=32．433,P=0．000）。微波固定200～240s后辅以化学固定1～2h,视网膜的各层结构更清晰,脱离面积更小。结论微波固定可节省时间,避免使用有害化学试剂,固定效果与常规化学试剂相似,并且可以防止视网膜脱离;微波固定联合短暂化学同定可以得到更清晰的病理切片。     

内蒙古镶黄旗地区妇女宫颈病变筛查现状

目的探讨宫颈细胞学(包括巴式涂片及超柏氏薄层液基细胞学)及阴道镜检查筛查内蒙古镶黄旗地区妇女宫颈病变的现状及临床意义。方法2004年7月至2009年1月对内蒙古镶黄旗地区的642例28～67岁有性生活妇女进行宫颈病变筛查,其中557例妇女行传统宫颈巴式涂片法,85例妇女行宫颈超柏氏薄层液基细胞学,并对宫颈细胞学异常者(≥ASCUS)行阴道镜检查及活检。结果642例妇女中宫颈细胞学阳性(≥ASCUS)者34例,占5.3%(34/642),其中ASCUS者22例,占64.7%(22/34);低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)者6例,占17.6%(6/34);高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)者6例,占17.6%(6/34),其中有1例肯定为宫颈癌。宫颈细胞学阴性608例,占94.7%(608/642)。宫颈细胞学阳性34例人群中,行阴道镜活检病理检查者有25例,其中慢性宫颈炎13例(52.0%);CIN1为5例(20.0%);CIN2为4例(16.0%);CIN3为1例(4.0%);浸润癌为2例(8.0%)。结论应重视并及时进行经济不发达地区妇女人群宫颈病变的早期筛查,传统宫颈巴式涂片法及阴道镜活检及病理学检查为可行的筛查方法,有条件者可进行宫颈薄层液基细胞学结合阴道镜活检及病理学检查,对提高早期宫颈癌筛查的准确性效果明显。对内蒙古等西部地区,应在完善技术力量支持、筛查质量控制、建立筛查后的转诊制度及治疗的绿色通道等方面,以降低宫颈癌的发病率。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者子宫内膜不典型增生的药物转化分析

目的:分析多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者子宫内膜不典型增生的药物转化疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析17例PCOS子宫内膜不典型增生患者,其中9例曾用孕激素治疗未转化者为A组;8例未曾治疗者为B组,均检测口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)并同时行胰岛素释放试验,以检测患者是否存在胰岛素抵抗(IR)及高胰岛素血症。17例患者均采用口服避孕药联合二甲双胍治疗。结果:17例PCOS患者均存在IR及高胰岛素血症,经药物治疗3~6个周期后,内膜不典型病变均成功转化。结论:采用口服避孕药联合二甲双胍治疗PCOS合并IR的子宫内膜不典型增生患者是一种临床上实用、有效的治疗方法。     

孕妇血浆中sCD40及其配体与子痫前期发病及肾功能损害的关系

目的 探讨孕妇血浆中可溶性白细胞分化抗原(sCD40)和sCD40配体(sCD40L)水平变化与子痫前期发病及肾功能损害的关系.方法 选择2008年8月-2010年6月在青岛大学医学院附属医院产科分娩的轻度子痫前期孕妇28例(轻度子痫前期组),重度子痫前期孕妇35例(重度子痫前期组);另选同期妊娠结局良好的健康孕妇30例为对照组.比较3组孕妇分娩孕周及血压变化、血小板计数并检测其血常规、C反应蛋白(CRP)、尿常规、24h尿蛋白定量,以及血清尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)等生化指标.采用ELISA法检测3组孕妇血浆中sCD40和sCD40L的水平,并对血浆sCD40和sCD40L的水平与各临床指标的相关性进行分析.结果 (1)血常规及l临床指标:重度子痫前期组和轻度子痫前期组孕妇血浆CRP水平(分别为10.8及7.1 mg/L)均明显高于对照组(3.3 mg/L),前后两者分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);重度子痫前期组高于轻度子痫前期组,两组比较,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05).重度子痫前期组孕妇分娩孕周(32.5周)明显低于轻度子痫前期组(37.2周)和对照组(38.6周),分别与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);轻度子痫前期组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).重度子痫前期组孕妇血小板计数(132×109/L)明显低于轻度子痫前期组(212×109/L)和对照组(216×109/L),分别比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);轻度子痫前期组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3组孕妇之间血红蛋白水平及白细胞数分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)血浆sCD40及sCD40L水平:重度子痫前期组、轻度子痫前期组和对照组孕妇血浆sCD40水平分别为133.6、126.5和90.7 ng/L,sCD40L水平分别为12.5、10.4和4.4 ng/L,24h尿蛋白定量分别为4.5、0.8 g和0,UA水平分别为486、289和162 μmol/L,重度子痫前期组以上各指标均明显高于轻度子痫前期组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);轻度子痫前期组也明显高于对照组,差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.01).重度子痫前期组孕妇血浆Cr(89 μmol/L)、BUN(5.32 mmol/L)水平高于轻度子痫前期组(分别为66μmol/L及4.49mmol/L)和对照组(分别为57 μmol/L及3.32 mmol/L),分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);轻度子痫前期组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)相关性分析:轻、重度子痫前期组孕妇血浆sCD40水平与24 h尿蛋白定量呈正相关(r=0.434,P＜0.05),与UA、CRP呈明显正相关(r=0.536、0.528,P＜0.01),与收缩压、舒张压、分娩孕周、Cr、BUN、血小板计数无明显相关(r分别为0.135、0.183、-0.133、0.190、0.167、-0.221,P均＞0.05).轻、重度子痫前期组孕妇血浆sCD40L水平与24 h尿蛋白定量、UA、CRP均呈明显正相关(r分别为0.591、0.445、0.539,P均＜0.01),与收缩压、舒张压、分娩孕周、Cr、BUN、血小板计数无明显相关(r分别为0.178、0.212、-0.292、0.144、0.135、-0.273,P均＞0.05).轻、重度子痫前期组孕妇血浆sCD40L水平与sCD40呈明显正相关(r均为0.707,P＜0.01).对照组孕妇血浆sCD40、sCD40L水平与各项临床指标均无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 子痫前期孕妇血浆中sCD40和sCD40L水平明显升高,可能参与了子痫前期的发病,并导致肾功能损害.sCD40和sCD40L水平变化也与子痫前期的严重程度相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the variance levels of plasma soluble leukocyte differentiation antigens CD40 (sCD40) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in preeclamptic patients with renal damage and its relationship. Methods A total of 63 pregnant women attended the Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College between August 2008 and June 2010. In the present study included 28 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and 35 patients with severe preeclampsia. Thirty matched normotensive pregnant women were enrolled in the study as the control group. Expression of sCD40 and sCD40L were determined by ELISA. At the same time, the blood routine, C reaction protein ( CRP),urine routine, 24 hours urine protein excretion, and serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. The correlation analysis was performed between the sCD40/sCD40L and the blood biochemical indexes in 3 groups. Results ( 1 ) The median levels of CRP in severe preeclampsia (10. 8 mg/L)and mild preeclampsia group(7. I mg/L)are significantly higher than that of control group (3. 3 mg/L,P ＜ 0. 05 ); The level of CRP in severe preeclampsia group was also higher than that of mild preeclampsia group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The median gestational age at delivery in severe preeclampsia ( 32. 5 weeks)was significantly less than that of mild preeclampsia group ( 37. 2 weeks) and normal group ( 38. 6 weeks,P ＜ 0. 05). However no significant differences were observed between mild preeclampsia group and normal group ( P ＞0. 05 ). The platelet count in severe preeclampsia ( 132 × 109/L) was significantly less than those of mild preeclampsia group (212 × 109/L) and normal group ( 216 × 109/L, P ＜ 0. 01 ), but no significant differences were observed in blood platelet amount between mild preeclampsia group and normal group ( P ＞0. 05 ). There was no significant difference in hemoglobin level and white blood cell in three groups ( P ＞0. 05). (2) The sCD40 plasma concentration in severe, mild preeclampsia and normal group was 133.6,126. 5 and 90. 7 ng/L, respectively. The sCD40 L plasma concentrations were 12. 5, 10. 4 and 4. 4 ng/L respectively in the 3 groups. 24 hours urinary protein quantitative was 4. 5 g/d,0. 8 g/d and 0 in the 3 groups respectively. And the UA level was 486 μ mol/L,289 μmol/L and 162 μmol/L. In the above three groups,the monitoring indicators were significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia group compared with mild preeclampsia and control groups (P ＜ 0. 01 ), and there were also higher in mild preeclampsia group than that in control groups ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The level of plasma Cr ( 89 μmol/L) and BUN ( 5. 32 mmol/L) in severe preeclampsia group were higher than those of mild preeclampsia group (66 μmol/L and 4. 49mmol/L) and control group ( 57 μmol/L and 3.32 mmol/L, P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference between mild preeclampsia group and normal group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). (3) The correlation analysis indicated that the level of sCD40 has a positive correlation with 24 hours urinary protein quantitative( r = 0. 434, P ＜ 0. 05 ),also significant positive correlation( r =0. 536,0. 528 ,P ＜ 0. 01 ) between the level of sCD40 and UA or CRP in women with preeclampsia. There was no significant correlation between the level of sCD40 and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, delivery gestational age, Cr, BUN, and platelet count(r =0. 135,0. 183, -0. 133,0. 190,0. 167, -0. 221 ,all P ＞0. 05 ). There were positive correlation between the level of sCD40L and 24 hours urine protein excretion, either UA or CRP( r =0. 591,0. 445,0. 539 ,all P ＜0. 01 ). No significant correlation was found between sCD40 L and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure,delivery gestational age, Cr, BUN, and platelet count( r =0. 178,0. 212, -0. 292,0. 144,0. 135, -0. 273,all P ＞0. 05). There was significant positive correlation between plasma sCD40 and sCD40L ( r =0. 707 ,P ＜0. 01 ). There was no relationship between the level of sCD40, sCD40L and the blood biochemical indexes in normotensive pregnant women ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The plasma concentrations of sCD40 and sCD40 L are significantly higher in pregnant women with preeclampsia compared with the control, which may be involved in the development of preeclampsia and contribute to the kidney damage. The variance levels of sCD40 and sCD40L may be also related to the severity of preeclampsia.     

Preparation and study of the flame retardant properties of C60/PMMA microspheres

In this paper, highly flame retardant C₆₀/PMMA composites were prepared using an in situ polymerization method by introducing fullerene (C₆₀) into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to improve its combustion characteristics. The apparent morphologies of PMMA and C₆₀/PMMA microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermal stability and flame retardancy were characterized using a synchronous thermal analyzer, a cone calorimeter and an oxygen index tester. The results show that the maximum initial decomposition temperature of C₆₀/PMMA-2 (prepared using C₆₀ with a concentration of 2 mg mL⁻¹) is 234.89 °C, which is about 59.89 °C higher than that of PMMA, and the thermal stability is the best. The limiting oxygen index of the C₆₀/PMMA-2 composite is 21.8, which is 28.2% higher than that of pure PMMA. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of C₆₀/PMMA is reduced by 630.4 kW m⁻² when compared with pure PMMA, which means that the flame retardant property is improved. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the PMMA are also improved by adding C₆₀.

In this paper, highly flame retardant C₆₀/PMMA composites were prepared using an in situ polymerization method by introducing fullerene (C₆₀) into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to improve its combustion characteristics.