全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1001133篇 |
免费 | 63011篇 |
国内免费 | 2345篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 13286篇 |
儿科学 | 32281篇 |
妇产科学 | 27798篇 |
基础医学 | 139244篇 |
口腔科学 | 25352篇 |
临床医学 | 80972篇 |
内科学 | 203745篇 |
皮肤病学 | 19548篇 |
神经病学 | 81376篇 |
特种医学 | 40759篇 |
外国民族医学 | 336篇 |
外科学 | 159325篇 |
综合类 | 19849篇 |
一般理论 | 247篇 |
预防医学 | 73650篇 |
眼科学 | 21180篇 |
药学 | 69367篇 |
中国医学 | 1834篇 |
肿瘤学 | 56340篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 20175篇 |
2017年 | 16160篇 |
2016年 | 18336篇 |
2015年 | 9210篇 |
2014年 | 12814篇 |
2013年 | 19661篇 |
2012年 | 28946篇 |
2011年 | 37332篇 |
2010年 | 24541篇 |
2009年 | 21661篇 |
2008年 | 36685篇 |
2007年 | 40706篇 |
2006年 | 28536篇 |
2005年 | 29896篇 |
2004年 | 29186篇 |
2003年 | 29547篇 |
2002年 | 27894篇 |
2001年 | 41884篇 |
2000年 | 43301篇 |
1999年 | 36656篇 |
1998年 | 10220篇 |
1997年 | 9450篇 |
1996年 | 9285篇 |
1995年 | 8650篇 |
1994年 | 8298篇 |
1993年 | 7767篇 |
1992年 | 28438篇 |
1991年 | 27225篇 |
1990年 | 26623篇 |
1989年 | 25519篇 |
1988年 | 23723篇 |
1987年 | 23371篇 |
1986年 | 22390篇 |
1985年 | 21301篇 |
1984年 | 15903篇 |
1983年 | 13573篇 |
1982年 | 8193篇 |
1979年 | 14713篇 |
1978年 | 10287篇 |
1977年 | 8660篇 |
1976年 | 8227篇 |
1975年 | 8969篇 |
1974年 | 10741篇 |
1973年 | 10214篇 |
1972年 | 9671篇 |
1971年 | 8933篇 |
1970年 | 8638篇 |
1969年 | 8072篇 |
1968年 | 7734篇 |
1967年 | 7107篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
32.
33.
Konrad Matyja Anna Małachowska-Jutsz Anna K. Mazur Kazimierz Grabas 《Ecotoxicology (London, England)》2016,25(5):924-939
Dehydrogenase activity is frequently used to assess the general condition of microorganisms in soil and activated sludge. Many studies have investigated the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity by various compounds, including heavy metal ions. However, the time after which the measurements are carried out is often chosen arbitrarily. Thus, it can be difficult to estimate how the toxic effects of compounds vary during the reaction and when the maximum of the effect would be reached. Hence, the aim of this study was to create simple and useful mathematical model describing changes in dehydrogenase activity during exposure to substances that inactivate enzymes. Our model is based on the Lagergrens pseudo-first-order equation, the rate of chemical reactions, enzyme activity, and inactivation and was created to describe short-term changes in dehydrogenase activity. The main assumption of our model is that toxic substances cause irreversible inactivation of enzyme units. The model is able to predict the maximum direct toxic effect (MDTE) and the time to reach this maximum (TMDTE). In order to validate our model, we present two examples: inactivation of dehydrogenase in microorganisms in soil and activated sludge. The model was applied successfully for cadmium and copper ions. Our results indicate that the predicted MDTE and TMDTE are more appropriate than EC50 and IC50 for toxicity assessments, except for long exposure times. 相似文献
34.
35.
Bj?rn Stessel Audrey A. Fiddelers Elbert A. Joosten Daisy M.N. Hoofwijk Hans-Fritz Gramke Wolfgang F.F.A. Buhre 《Medicine》2015,94(39)
Traditionally, major complications and unanticipated admission/readmission rates were used to assess outcome after day surgery. However, in view of the relative absence of major complications the quality of recovery (QOR) should be considered one of the principal endpoints after day surgery. In our study, the level of QOR is defined by a combination of the Global Surgical Recovery (GSR) Index and the Quality of Life (QOL).The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence and predictors of QOR after day surgery on the fourth postoperative day.Elective patients scheduled for day surgery from November 2008 to April 2010 were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Outcome parameters were measured by using questionnaire packages at 2 time points: 1 week preoperatively and 4 days postoperatively. Primary outcome parameter is the QOR and is defined as good if the GSR index >80% as well as the postoperative QOL is unchanged or improved as compared with baseline. QOR is defined as poor if both the GSR index ≤80% and if the postoperative QOL is decreased as compared with baseline. QOR is defined as intermediate in all other cases. Three logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors for poor QOR after day surgery.A total of 1118 patients were included. A good QOR was noted in 17.3% of patients, an intermediate QOR in 34.8%, and a poor QOR in 47.8% 4 days after day surgery. The best predictor for poor QOR after day surgery was type of surgery. Other predictors were younger age, work status, and longer duration of surgery. A history of previous surgery, expected pain (by the patient) and high long-term surgical fear were significant predictors of poor QOR in only 1 of 3 prediction models.The QOR at home 4 days after day surgery was poor in the majority of patients and showed a significant procedure-specific variation. Patients at risk for poor QOR can be identified during the preoperative period based on type of surgery, age, work status, and the duration of the surgery. 相似文献
36.
D. Panigrahy P. K. Sahu 《Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine / supported by the Australasian College of Physical Scientists in Medicine and the Australasian Association of Physical Sciences in Medicine》2016,39(3):783-795
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal gives a lot of information on the physiology of heart. In reality, noise from various sources interfere with the ECG signal. To get the correct information on physiology of the heart, noise cancellation of the ECG signal is required. In this paper, the effectiveness of extended Kalman smoother (EKS) with the differential evolution (DE) technique for noise cancellation of the ECG signal is investigated. DE is used as an automatic parameter selection method for the selection of ten optimized components of the ECG signal, and those are used to create the ECG signal according to the real ECG signal. These parameters are used by the EKS for the development of the state equation and also for initialization of the parameters of EKS. EKS framework is used for denoising the ECG signal from the single channel. The effectiveness of proposed noise cancellation technique has been evaluated by adding white, colored Gaussian noise and real muscle artifact noise at different SNR to some visually clean ECG signals from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The proposed noise cancellation technique of ECG signal shows better signal to noise ratio (SNR) improvement, lesser mean square error (MSE) and percent of distortion (PRD) compared to other well-known methods. 相似文献
37.
38.
39.
40.
Rotary ventricular assist devices (VADs) are less sensitive to preload than the healthy heart, resulting in inadequate flow regulation in response to changes in patient cardiac demand. Starling‐like physiological controllers (SLCs) have been developed to automatically regulate VAD flow based on ventricular preload. An SLC consists of a cardiac response curve (CRC) which imposes a nonlinear relationship between VAD flow and ventricular preload, and a venous return line (VRL) which determines the return path of the controller. This study investigates the importance of a physiological VRL in SLC of dual rotary blood pumps for biventricular support. Two experiments were conducted on a physical mock circulation loop (MCL); the first compared an SLC with an angled physiological VRL (SLC‐P) against an SLC with a vertical VRL (SLC‐V). The second experiment quantified the benefit of a dynamic VRL, represented by a series of specific VRLs, which could adapt to different circulatory states including changes in pulmonary (PVR) and systemic (SVR) vascular resistance versus a fixed physiological VRL which was calculated at rest. In both sets of experiments, the transient controller responses were evaluated through reductions in preload caused by the removal of fluid from the MCL. The SLC‐P produced no overshoot or oscillations following step changes in preload, whereas SLC‐V produced 0.4 L/min (12.5%) overshoot for both left and right VADs. Additionally, the SLC‐V had increased settling time and reduced controller stability as evidenced by transient controller oscillations. The transient results comparing the specific and standard VRLs demonstrated that specific VRL rise times were improved by between 1.2 and 4.7 s ( = 3.05 s), while specific VRL settling times were improved by between 2.8 and 16.1 seconds ( = 8.38 s) over the standard VRL. This suggests only a minor improvement in controller response time from a dynamic VRL compared to the fixed VRL. These results indicate that the use of a fixed physiologically representative VRL is adequate over a wide variety of physiological conditions. 相似文献