护理干预对乙状结肠镜检查老年患者心理状态的影响

目的 了解护理干预对乙状结肠镜检查老年患者心理状态的影响.方法 将400例行乙状结肠镜检查的老年患者随机分为对照组和观察组各200例,对照组检查前行常规护理,观察组检查前进行心理支持、家庭支持、肠道准备指导、饮食指导、放松训练等护理干预.采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)分别测量患者预约时、检查前15min焦虑、抑郁状况,同时测量患者心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP).结果 观察组护理干预后SAS、SDS评分及HR、SBP值与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论 对行乙状结肠镜检查的老年患者进行检查前护理干预,可减轻其焦虑抑郁程度并缓解其应激反应.     

腭裂修复术腭咽肌肉重建与否的鼻咽内窥镜的比较观察

目的通过是否进行腭咽肌肉重建的两组腭裂修复术后患者鼻咽内窥镜的比较观察,了解腭咽部肌肉重建术后腭咽闭合状况的改变。方法将41例腭裂术后患者,按照在腭裂修复时是否进行腭咽肌肉重建分为重建组(22例)和非重建组(19例),以鼻咽纤维内窥镜记录静态和发音时腭咽闭合运动状况,对两组患者腭咽闭合运动类型和状况进行比较。结果重建组静态腭咽腔形态较非重建组明显缩小,各壁光滑丰满,未见软腭鼻腔面V型缺损畸形;动态时以环状闭合为主。非重建组静态腭咽腔形态较大,可见软腭鼻腔面V型缺损畸形;动态时以冠状闭合为主。经比较重建组腭咽闭合良好率(90.91%)明显优于非重建组(37.31%)。结论鼻咽内窥镜观察证实腭咽肌肉重建腭裂修复术后腭咽闭合功能恢复明显优于非重建组。腭裂修复术时重建腭咽肌肉有助于缩小腭咽腔和更易于达到良好的腭咽闭合状态。     

先天性风吹手畸形的治疗

目的探讨先天性风吹手畸形(windblown hand)的治疗。方法对18例患者采用分次手术的方法:一期改善拇指功能;二期纠正手指尺偏畸形;三期解决手掌、手指屈曲。结果术后随访6～72个月,3例患者失访。15例中有11例拇指外展、对掌、对指功能恢复,效果满意;9例手指尺偏畸形得到纠正,5例再次手术,经系统康复训练后4例畸形纠正,1例部分纠正。结论先天性风吹手畸形的治疗应分次手术,每次解决1个主要问题,配合系统的康复才能获得满意的效果。     

Myocardial Depressant Effects of Desflurane: Mechanical and Electrophysiologic Actions In Vitro

Background: The authors determined whether desflurane altered myocardial excitation-contraction coupling and electrophysiologic behavior in the same manner as isoflurane and sevoflurane.

Methods: The effects of desflurane on isometric force in guinea pig ventricular papillary muscles were studied in modified standard and in 26 mm K+ Tyrode solution with 0.1 [mu]m isoproterenol. Desflurane effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release were also determined by examining its actions on rat papillary muscles, guinea pig papillary muscles in low-Na+ Tyrode solution, and rapid cooling contractures. Normal and slow action potentials were recorded using a conventional microelectrode technique. Ca2+ and K+ currents of guinea pig ventricular myocytes were examined.

Results: Desflurane (5.3% and 11.6%) decreased peak force to approximately 70% and 40% of the baseline, respectively, similar to the effects of equianesthetic isoflurane concentrations. With isoproterenol in 26 mm K+ Tyrode solution, desflurane markedly depressed late peaking force and modestly depressed early peak force. The rested state contractions of rat myocardium or guinea pig myocardium in low-Na+ Tyrode solution were modestly depressed, whereas rapid cooling contractures were virtually abolished after desflurane administration. Desflurane significantly prolonged the action potential duration. Desflurane reduced L-type Ca2+ current and the delayed outward K+ current but did not alter the inward rectifier K+ current.     

耳穴贴压法对围术期患者焦虑及心率、血压的影响

目的 寻找减轻或改善围术期患者焦虑、保证患者生命体征稳定的方法.方法 将200例住院择期手术患者随机分为常规护理组(A组)和耳穴贴压护理组(B组).两组均予常规围术期护理;B组在此基础上加用耳穴贴压法,即在耳穴板上将带有王不留行籽的小方块胶布贴于耳穴位,使用时间为术前3 d至术后3 d;采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和心电监护仪对患者焦虑程度和心率、血压进行评定与监测.结果 两组术前1 d、术后3 d焦虑程度变化比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01);入手术室后20 minA组心率、收缩压较术前1 d显著增加(均P＜0.01),B组差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05);两组入手术室后20 min心率、收缩压比较,差异有显著性意义(均P＜0.01).结论 围术期行耳穴贴压法配合常规护理可缓解患者焦虑情绪,稳定心率和血压,利于手术的顺利进行.     

膨化聚四氟乙烯平片在无张力腹股沟疝修补术的临床应用

目的 探讨平片在腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术中的应用。方法 对我科2003年10-2006年10月收冶的125例腹股沟疝患者采用平片无张力腹股沟疝修补术的疗效进行回顾性分析。结果 所有患者均治愈出院，术后无切口感染，除2例残留疝囊处血肿外无其他不良并发症，随访2个月～36月无复发。结论 平片应用于腹股沟疝的修补，具有易掌握，疗效好，费用低，值得广泛开展应用。     

显微技术附睾管输精管吻合治疗梗阻性无精子症

目的　探讨附睾管梗阻性无精子症的有效治疗方法。方法　我科自2001年12月～2006年12月应用显微外科技术对9例附睾管梗阻性无精子症患者行附睾管输精管吻合术进行回顾性分析。结果　7例术后精液分析可见精子,其中5例精液分析结果正常,2例已生育。手术成功率77．8％。结论　应用显微外科技术行附睾管输精管吻合术是目前治疗附睾管梗阻性无精子症的有效方法。     

经尿道前列腺电切、气化术治疗前列腺增生临床研究

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术与气化术结合治疗前列腺增生的临床疗效。方法对我科2000年9月至2006年5月收治并联合施行TURP和TUVP共的165例BPH患者进行回顾性分析。其中Ⅱ度80例,Ⅲ度54例,Ⅳ度31例。结果本组手术时间55～170min,平均100min,出血量100～500ml,平均出血量180ml。随访1～2年,国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）由术前（30.4±3.9）分降至术后（9.3±2.5）分,生活质量评分（QOL）由（4±2）分降至（2±1）分。最大尿流率Qmax由（9.5±1.2）ml/s到术后（18.1±2.9）ml/s。结论经尿道前列腺电切结合气化术治疗前列腺增生具有优点多,并发症少,明显优于单一的电切术和单一的气化术。     

Arthroscopic single-bundle reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament with quadrupled hamstring tendon

Objective： To evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic sipy, le-bundie reconstruction of posterior crudate ligament （PCL） with quadrupled hamstring tendon. Methods： From April 2001 to October 2004, 49 knees with PCL tears in 49 patients were verified with arthroscope in this department. Of them, 13 were combined with anterior cruciate ligament tears, 14 with disruptions of the posterolateral comer, 6 with ruptures of the posteromedial corner and medial collateral ligament, 9 with lateral meniscus tears, 5 with medial meniscus tears and 2 with popliteal vascular tears. All the damaged PCLs were reconstructed with single-bundie of autogenous quadrupled hamstring tendons under arthroscope. Biodegradable interference screws or blunt titanium interference screws were used for direct anatomic fixation of the reconstructed ligament. Results： After operation, no severe complications occurred at early stage in the 49 patients. All of them were followed up for 10-52 months with an average of 22. 0 months ＋ 10. 7 months. Lysholm score was remarkably improved from 30-60 （ mean： 47.96 ＋ 8. 16） preoperatively to 70-95 （ mean： 89. 08 ＋ 6. 10 ） at the last postoperative follow-up （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in International Knee Documentation Committee （IKDC） score from abnormal （ Grade C） in 10 knees and severely abnormal （Grade D ） in 39 preoperatively to normal （ Grade A ） in 20, nearly normal （ Grade B） in 24 and abnormal in 5 at the last follow-up. Of the 49 patients, 40 returned to the same activity level as before and 9 were under the level. Conclusions： Single-bundle reconstruction of PCL with quadrupled hamstring tendons has the advantage of minimal trauma in surgery and satisfactory outcome.     

两种骨水泥渗漏对椎间盘影响的实验研究

目的 探讨椎体成形术时骨水泥渗漏是否会引起椎间盘退变，以及椎间盘退变程度与骨水泥类型是否相关。方法 选用8只成年家犬，以每只犬L2-3、L3-4、L4-5椎间盘为实验对象，随机分为对照组、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethylmethacrylate，PMMA）与磷酸钙骨水泥（calcium phosphate cement，CPC）3组。对照组仅行椎间盘穿刺，不注入任何物质，PMMA组及CPC组均各向椎间盘注入0．1ml骨水泥。术前及术后24周摄正、侧位X线片，计算椎间盘高度指数百分数（disc height index percentage，DHIP）。术后24周行MR检查，计算MRI指数。组织学检查参照Masuda标准对椎间盘退变程度评分并分析。结果 术后24周X线片显示对照组椎间隙无狭窄，病理学检查未见椎间盘退变。PMMA、CPC组椎间盘MRI显示：椎间隙有狭窄，R加权像髓核信号不同程度降低且不均一，其相对高信号区面积减小，髓核形态不规则，纤维环与髓核界限不清。组织学检查显示髓核细胞数量不同程度减少，空泡变小。髓核的细胞外基质不同程度压缩，纤维环断裂或扭转。3组DHIP、MRI指数、组织学评分的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 PMMA、CPC注入椎间盘会导致椎间盘退变，PMMA所致椎间盘退变较CPC更为严重.