全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2086篇 |
免费 | 107篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 22篇 |
儿科学 | 34篇 |
妇产科学 | 97篇 |
基础医学 | 179篇 |
口腔科学 | 21篇 |
临床医学 | 166篇 |
内科学 | 500篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 237篇 |
特种医学 | 76篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 302篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 100篇 |
眼科学 | 16篇 |
药学 | 235篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 185篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 22篇 |
2019年 | 40篇 |
2018年 | 45篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 61篇 |
2013年 | 81篇 |
2012年 | 132篇 |
2011年 | 138篇 |
2010年 | 82篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 157篇 |
2007年 | 150篇 |
2006年 | 135篇 |
2005年 | 142篇 |
2004年 | 148篇 |
2003年 | 136篇 |
2002年 | 106篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1933年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2198条查询结果,搜索用时 437 毫秒
81.
Calogero Iacono Giuseppe Verlato Giuseppe Zamboni Aldo Scarpa Ettore Montresor Paola Capelli Luca Bortolasi Giovanni Serio 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2007,11(5):578-588
Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of different clinico-pathological and molecular factors, and to compare survival after
standard and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma (AVAC).
Summary Background Data There are discordant data on factors affecting prognosis, and hence therapeutic choices, in AVAC.
Patients and Methods Clinical-pathological factors were evaluated in 59 patients, subjected to PD for AVAC; in 42 subjects information on chromosome
17p and 18q allelic losses (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) was also available. The association between survival
and type of PD was investigated in the 25 patients operated between 1990 and 2001 (16 standard and nine extended).
Results The overall 5- and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 46% and 33%, respectively. Sixteen patients had T-stages 1–2,
14 T-stage 3, and 29 T-stage 4 cancers. Chromosome 17p and 18q LOH were detected in 23 (55%) and 15 cases (36%), respectively,
and in 12 cases (29%) coexisted. Five cases were MSI-positive (12%). At univariate analysis, poor survival was associated
with cancer ulceration (P = 0.051), poor differentiation (P = 0.008), T-stage 4 (P < 0.001), nodal metastases (P = 0.004), chromosome 17p (P < 0.001) and 18q LOH (P = 0.002), and absence of MSI (P = 0.009). At multivariate analysis, only T-stage (P = 0.002) and 17p LOH (P = 0.001) were independent predictors of survival. All patients with MSI-positive cancers were long-survivors (>12 yrs), whereas
only 30% of MSI-negative cancer patients survived at 5 years. Extended pancreaticoduodenectomy was associated with a 3-year
disease-related survival higher than standard resection (83% vs 31%; P = 0.018).
Conclusion MSI and chromosome 17p status allow to better define prognosis within ampullary cancers at the same stage. Surgery alone resulted
curative in MSI-positive cancer patients, whereas it was inadequate in patients showing allelic losses, who might benefit
from adjuvant therapy. In this observational study, extended PD was associated with increased survival compared to standard
procedures.
Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Miami Beach, Florida, March 9–12,
2006 相似文献
82.
Umberto Bracale Ettore Marzano Piero Nastro Marco Barone Diego Cuccurullo Giorgio Cutini Francesco Corcione Giusto Pignata 《Surgical endoscopy》2010,24(10):2475-2479
Background
Esophagojejunostomy (EJS) represents the most difficult steps during totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG). Over the past few years, several techniques have been developed. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and surgical outcomes of the laparoscopic intracorporeal side-to-side EJS during TLTG used to treat malignant disease of the stomach. 相似文献83.
In these "statistical notes", equivalence and non-inferiority randomized controlled clinical trials (RCCT) are considered. Equivalence trials are designed to confirm the absence of a meaningful difference between the effect of two treatments. Non-inferiority trials are designed to prove that the new treatment is no less effective than an existing one: it may be more effective or it may have a similar effect. In this note the attention is addressed to suitable criteria for the choice of the tolerance margin epsilon, i.e. the largest difference which is clinically acceptable, so that a difference bigger than that would matter in practice. In particular, the procedures for the determination of the margin epsilon, used by the authors of the non-inferiority RCCT COBALT and INJECT, are presented and discussed in detail. The ethical implications of equivalence and non-inferiority RCCT are here considered and the reader is repeatedly invited to consider the appropriateness of the basic arguments asserted by the supporters of this kind of studies. 相似文献
84.
85.
86.
87.
Carlo Barone Michele Basso Giovanni Schinzari Carmelo Pozzo Nunziatina Trigila Ettore D'Argento Michela Quirino Antonio Astone Alessandra Cassano 《Gastric cancer》2007,10(2):104-111
Background In advanced gastric cancer few data are available on the efficacy or safety of new drug combination regimens after progression
following first-line chemotherapy.
Methods Patients with histologically confirmed advanced gastric cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status
(PS) less than 2, progressing after first-line chemotherapy, were eligible. Patients were treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and oxaliplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 2, every 3 weeks, until progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Results Between May 2002 and April 2005, 38 patients were enrolled. Men accounted for 73.7% of the patients and the median age was
59 years. The primary tumor was not resected in 47.4% of the patients; the peritoneum was the most frequent metastatic site
(60.5%). The first-line treatment was cisplatin, epirubicin, and infusional 5-fluorouracil (ECF) in 81.5% of the patients
and cisplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil (CF) in 15.7%. The median number of cycles was 4.3. The treatment was well tolerated,
with no toxic deaths. National Cancer Institute (NCI) grade III-IV neutropenia was frequent (26.3%), but no febrile neutropenia
was reported. Severe asthenia (15.7%) and severe nausea (15.7%) required dose reductions in 2 patients and treatment discontinuation
in another. The overall response rate was 10.5%, and 18 patients (47.3%) experienced disease stabilization (7 of them with
significant clinical benefit). Median time to progression was 4.0 months (range, 2–8 months) and median overall survival was
8.1 months (range, 3–26 months). Thirteen patients (34.2%) also received third-line chemotherapy, with an irinotecan-containing
regimen, and their median overall survival was higher than that of the other patients (16.3 vs 6.0 months)
Conclusion The combination of oxaliplatin and docetaxel shows only marginal activity as second-line treatment, but it has a good tolerability
profile. This suggests that there is room for optimizing the schedule as well as for planning sequential treatments in gastric
cancer. 相似文献
88.
Alejandro Higuera-Matas María Luisa Soto-Montenegro Nuria del Olmo Miguel Miguéns Isabel Torres Juan José Vaquero Javier Sánchez Carmen García-Lecumberri Manuel Desco Emilio Ambrosio 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2008,33(4):806-813
Marijuana consumption during adolescence has been proposed to be a stepping-stone for adult cocaine addiction. However, experimental evidence for this hypothesis is missing. In this work we chronically injected male and female Wistar rats with either the cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940 (CP; 0.4 mg/kg) or its corresponding vehicle. Adult acquisition (seven 30 min daily sessions) and maintenance (fourteen 2 h daily sessions) of cocaine self-administration (1 mg/kg), food-reinforced operant learning under conditions of normal (ad libitum access to food), and high motivation (food-restriction schedule) were measured. Additionally, brain metabolic activity was analyzed by means of [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. During the acquisition phase, female CP-treated rats showed a higher rate of cocaine self-administration as compared to vehicle-treated females and males; no differences were found between both male groups. This effect disappeared in the maintenance phase. Moreover, no differences among groups were evident in the food-reinforced operant task, pointing to the cocaine-specific nature of the effect seen in self-administration rather than a general change in reward processing. Basal brain metabolic activity also changed in CP-treated females when compared to their vehicle-treated counterparts with no differences being found in the males; more specifically we observed a hyper activation of the frontal cortex and a hypo activation of the amygdalo-entorhinal cortex. Our results suggest that a chronic exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence alters the susceptibility to acquire cocaine self-administration, in a sex-specific fashion. This increased susceptibility could be related to the changes in brain metabolic activity induced by cannabinoids during adolescence. 相似文献
89.
Valentina S Barbiero Roberto Giambelli Laura Musazzi Ettore Tiraboschi Daniela Tardito Jorge Perez Filippo Drago Giorgio Racagni Maurizio Popoli 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,32(12):2511-2519
Changes in synaptic plasticity are involved in pathophysiology of depression and in the mechanism of antidepressants. Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM) kinase II, a protein kinase involved in synaptic plasticity, has been previously shown to be a target of antidepressants. We previously found that antidepressants activate the kinase in hippocampal neuronal cell bodies by increasing phosphorylation at Thr(286), reduce the kinase phosphorylation in synaptic membranes, and in turn its phosphorylation-dependent interaction with syntaxin-1 and the release of glutamate from hippocampal synaptosomes. Here, we investigated the chronic effect of different antidepressants (fluoxetine, desipramine, and reboxetine) on the expression and function of the kinase in distinct subcellular compartments in order to dissect the different kinase pools affected. Acute treatments did not induce any change in the kinase. In total tissue extracts chronic drug treatments induced activation of the kinase; in hippocampus (HC), but not in prefrontal/frontal cortex, this was partially accounted for by increased Thr(286) phosphorylation, suggesting the involvement of different mechanisms of activation. In synaptosomes, all drugs reduced the kinase phosphorylation, particularly in HC where, upon fractionation of the synaptosomal particulate into synaptic vesicles and membranes, we found that the drugs induced a redistribution and differential activation of the kinase between membranes and vesicles. Furthermore, a large decrease in the level and phosphorylation of synapsin I located at synaptic membranes was consistent with the observed decrease of CaM kinase II. Overall, antidepressants induce a complex pattern of modifications in distinct subcellular compartments; at presynaptic level, these changes are in line with a dampening of glutamate release. 相似文献
90.
J Santini C Serra F Ettore O Dassonville F Demard 《Revue de stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale》1991,92(3):179-182
Postirradiation sarcoma of the head and neck has rarely been reported. A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (M.F.H.) occurring in the mandible is presented. Head and neck region was previously irradiated for Hodgkin's disease. The interval from initial radiation to diagnosis of sarcoma was 10 years. Aggressive treatment with early radical excision is the treatment of choice. In spite of extensive surgery, the patient died one year after treatment with local recurrence. 相似文献