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11.
Human and mouse cortical astrocytes differ in aquaporin‐4 polarization toward microvessels
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Vigdis Andersen Eidsvaag Rune Enger Hans‐Arne Hansson Per Kristian Eide Erlend A. Nagelhus 《Glia》2017,65(6):964-973
Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), the predominant water channel in the brain, is expressed in astrocytes and ependymal cells. In rodents AQP4 is highly polarized to perivascular astrocytic endfeet and loss of AQP4 polarization is associated with disease. The present study was undertaken to compare the expression pattern of AQP4 in human and mouse cortical astrocytes. Cortical tissue specimens were sampled from 11 individuals undergoing neurosurgery wherein brain tissue was removed as part of the procedure, and compared with cortical tissue from 5 adult wild‐type mice processed similarly. The tissue samples were immersion‐fixed and prepared for AQP4 immunogold electron microscopy, allowing quantitative assessment of AQP4's subcellular distribution. In mouse we found that AQP4 water channels were prominently clustered around vessels, being 5 to 10‐fold more abundant in astrocytic endfoot membranes facing the capillary endothelium than in parenchymal astrocytic membranes. In contrast, AQP4 was markedly less polarized in human astrocytes, being only two to three‐fold enriched in astrocytic endfoot membranes adjacent to capillaries. The lower degree of AQP4 polarization in human subjects (1/3 of that in mice) was mainly due to higher AQP4 expression in parenchymal astrocytic membranes. We conclude that there are hitherto unrecognized species differences in AQP4 polarization toward microvessels in the cerebral cortex. 相似文献
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Background
The aim of this paper was to study the collaboration between emergency departments (EDs) in general hospitals and community health services (CHS) in Norway when providing psychosocial care and aftercare to patients treated in EDs following a suicide attempt. We wanted to explore the extent to which quality indicators at the hospital level measured in 1999 and 2006 could predict the presence or absence of a chain of care structure in the CHS in 2006. 相似文献13.
Sofie H. Slrdahl Erlend B. Smeland Harald Holte Morten Grnn Sverre O. Lie Martin Seip 《Pediatric blood & cancer》1993,21(4):254-258
Among 16 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and acute leukemia admitted to our department during a ten year period, 6 were diagnosed as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMkL). The diagnosis was based on clinical and hematologic criteria, confirmed in three patients with the use of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for megakaryocytic antigens. In these three, and in a fourth patient, the leukemic blasts were positive for other myeloid, lymphoid and erythroid markers in MoAb testing. We suggest that AMkL in DS is a mixed lineage leukemia with blasts presenting a variety of cell surface antigens, indicating origin from an early progenitor cell with the capability of megakaryocytic differentiation. Of the 6 patients with AMkL, 4 treated with standard AML protocols are in complete continuing remission (CCR) with observation periods from 57+ to 148+ months. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Hem E Haldorsen T Aasland OG Tyssen R Vaglum P Ekeberg O 《The American journal of psychiatry》2005,162(11):2199-2200
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Aberrant immunoglobulin class switch recombination and switch translocations in activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma
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Lenz G Nagel I Siebert R Roschke AV Sanger W Wright GW Dave SS Tan B Zhao H Rosenwald A Muller-Hermelink HK Gascoyne RD Campo E Jaffe ES Smeland EB Fisher RI Kuehl WM Chan WC Staudt LM 《The Journal of experimental medicine》2007,204(3):633-643
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying chromosomal translocations in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we investigated the nature and extent of immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) in these tumors. We used Southern blotting to detect legitimate and illegitimate CSR events in tumor samples of the activated B cell-like (ABC), germinal center B cell-like (GCB), and primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBL) subgroups of DLBCL. The frequency of legitimate CSR was lower in ABC DLBCL than in GCB DLBCL and PMBL. In contrast, ABC DLBCL had a higher frequency of internal deletions within the switch mu (Smu) region compared with GCB DLBCL and PMBL. ABC DLBCLs also had frequent deletions within Sgamma and other illegitimate switch recombinations. Sequence analysis revealed ongoing Smu deletions within ABC DLBCL tumor clones, which were accompanied by ongoing duplications and activation-induced cytidine deaminase-dependent somatic mutations. Unexpectedly, short fragments derived from multiple chromosomes were interspersed within Smu in one case. These findings suggest that ABC DLBCLs have abnormalities in the regulation of CSR that could predispose to chromosomal translocations. Accordingly, aberrant switch recombination was responsible for translocations in ABC DLBCLs involving BCL6, MYC, and a novel translocation partner, SPIB. 相似文献
20.
Dag Erlend Olberg Ole Kristian Hjelstuen Magne Solbakken Joseph M. Arukwe Knut Dyrstad Alan Cuthbertson 《Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals》2009,52(14):571-575
Numerous strategies employing prosthetic groups for the radiosynthesis of 18F‐fluorinated peptides for positron emission tomography have been investigated in recent years. We have previously reported a novel [18F]prosthetic group bearing the N‐methylaminooxy functionality capable of reacting in a site‐selective manner with peptides functionalized with Michael‐acceptors. In a further extension of this methodology we demonstrate that O‐[2‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethyl]‐N‐methyl‐N‐hydroxylamine, [18F]4 , reacts chemoselectively with a vinylsulfone functionalized peptide. The conjugation yields were studied with respect to reaction time, level of radioactivity, peptide concentration and purity of the [18F]prosthetic group used in the conjugation reaction. Incubation at 70°C gave conjugation yields of around 80% with high radiochemical purity after 70 min at pH 5 in acetate buffer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献