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101.
Annette Kolb-Mäurer Eva-B. Bröcker 《Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft》2003,1(6):438-442
The skin and the mucosa of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are continuously exposed to microorganisms, but only a limited number of these enter the body and cause disease. To resist microbial infection, the host has developed a multitude of defense mechanisms involving the innate and adaptive immune systems. Dendritic cells (DCs) provide the link between these arms of the immune system. The initiation of an immune response is critically dependent on the activation of DCs, which can discriminate between different classes of microorganisms and elicit tailored antimicrobial immune responses. They have an extraordinary capacity to stimulate naive T cells and initiate primary immune responses. In turn, some pathogens interfere with DC function to block or delay their elimination by the host. Progress in understanding the role of DCs in the host response to microbes is reviewed. 相似文献
102.
103.
HLA-DR7 predicts the response to alkylating agents in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Martin Konrad Joannis Mytilineos Hans Ruder Gerhard Opelz Karl Schärer 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1997,11(1):16-19
There is a lack of reliable predictors of the response to alkylating agents in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(NS). HLA-DR7 is strongly associated with the frequency of relapses in steroid-sensitive NS before cytostatic therapy. We
therefore examined retrospectively the time to the first relapse and the incidence of subsequent relapses in 54 HLA-typed
children with frequently relapsing NS, after treatment with cyclophosphamide (n = 49) or chlorambucil (n = 5) for 8 or 12 weeks; 38 patients were HLA-DR7 positive and 16 negative with 80% in both groups being steroid dependent.
HLA typing was performed using serological or DNA typing methods. Renal biopsy showed minimal glomerular changes. A lower
proportion of HLA-DR7 positive than negative patients remained in remission after 3 years (36% vs. 81%, P<0.02) and 5 years (36% vs. 72%, P<0.03). In the first 3 years after cytostatic therapy the mean number of prednisone-treated relapses was 1.3/patient per year
in HLA-DR7-positive patients compared with 0.4 in negative patients (P<0.025). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of relapse-free patients with and without steroid
dependency. The HLA status predicts the response of NS patients to alkylating agents better than the rate of previous relapses.
Received September 19, 1995; received in revised form and accepted April 16, 1996 相似文献
104.
E. Engblom H. Hämäläinen T. Rönnemaa E. Vänttinen V. Kallio L. -R. Knuts 《Quality of life research》1994,3(3):207-213
The work situation of 66 male patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) and who had been randomly allocated to receive cardiac rehabilitation (group R) was compared with the work situation of 59 similar patients allocated to receive only standard care (group H). The follow-up time was one year. The proportions of subjects working in groups R and H were 26% and 20% (p=ns) before the CABS, 45% and 34% (p=ns) 6 months and 56% and 38% (p=ns) 12 months after the CABS, repectively. The increase in proportion of subjects who worked was significant in both groups at both 6 and 12 months after the CABS (p<0.05 for all changes). The increases were not significantly different between the whole groups, but in patients younger than 55 years of age, return to work was more frequent in group R than in group H (at 12 months 60% vs. 35%, p for the difference in change=0.02). Stepwise logistic regression analysis of the factors influencing return to work showed that a patient's judgement of his own working capacity as good 6 months after CABS (odds ratio (OR) 8.5, confidence interval (CI) 2.3–32.0), functional class 16 months after the CABS (OR 6.7, CI 1.8–24.5), his desire to work (OR 6.4, CI 1.6–26.0) and absence from work of less than 3 months before the CABS (OR 4.9, CI 1.2–20.2) were significant positive predictors of return to work 1 year after the CABS. 相似文献
105.
106.
H.-G. Machens P. Brenner H. Wienbergen N. Pallua P. Mailänder A. Berger 《Der Unfallchirurg》1997,100(9):711-714
Summary
Enchondroma are benign cartilaginous tumors and are localized most often at the site of the phalanges. Between 1982 and 1993
73 patients with monostotic enchondroma and 5 patients with polyostotic enchondroma were operated at our clinic. Clinical
signs of monostotic tumors were pathological fracture (38.4 %), pain or swelling. Eleven percent of cases were accidental
findings. Surgical treatment was performed by complete removal of the tumors and filling the bone cavity with autologous spongiosa
taken from the pelvic bones, the elbow, or the radius. Three patients (4.1 %) had to be operated a second time due to wound
infections and hematoma. In one case Sudeck's dystrophy was diagnosed. One patient (1.4 %) developed a recurrent tumor. Our
follow-up examination of 65 patients showed that 77 % of the patients with monostotic enchondroma achieve very good or good
functional long-term results after this operation, but only 40 % of the patients with polyostotic enchondroma.
相似文献
107.
108.
Significance of haemorrhagic lacunes on MRI in patients with hypertensive cerebrovascular disease and intracerebral haemorrhage 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Our purpose was to determine the frequency and signifcance of haemorrhagic lacunes (HL) on MRI in patients with a history of, or at risk for intracerebral haemorrhage. We examined 72 patients with old spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) using T1-and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences. MRI studies of 137 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disease but no known ICH were also reviewed. Both groups showed about the same degree of age-related white matter change and nonhaemorrhagic lacunar infarcts, whereas the ICH group had a higher frequency of HL (12/72 patients) than the non-ICH group (6/131 patients,p<0.01). These results correlate well with reported pathological findings. We conclude that haemorrhagic lacunes found on MRI studies of patients with cerebrovascular disease may suggest a higher risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. 相似文献
109.
110.
Monitoring motor function during resection of tumours in the lower brain stem and fourth ventricle 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Sven Gläsker Ulrich Pechstein Vassilios I. Vougioukas Vera Van Velthoven 《Child's nervous system》2006,22(10):1288-1295
Objectives Even in the days of modern microsurgery, the removal of a brain stem lesion remains a surgical challenge. Especially when operating on children, the prognosis is directly related to the radicality of the resection; however, a radical resection is often associated with surgical morbidity. Intraoperative neuromonitoring could help to minimise the surgical morbidity, but few studies have been performed to clarify the value of this monitoring. We investigated a prospective series of 21 patients with lesions involving the brain stem for the prognostic value and benefits of neuromonitoring.Methods We performed intraoperative neuromonitoring of cranial nerve function by electromyography (EMG) and motor evoked potential (MEP). The results were correlated with postoperative neurological deficits.Conclusions There is a good correlation between intraoperative neurophysiological events and postoperative neurological deficits in patients with lesions of the brain stem. In general, transient, prolonged, spontaneous activity in EMG is associated with a transient paresis of the respective muscle, whereas a permanent spontaneous activity is associated with a permanent deficit. Intraoperative neuromonitoring reliably predicts postoperative neurological function in patients with tumours of the lower brain stem and fourth ventricle. This neuromonitoring guides the neurosurgeon in the operation and may decrease surgical morbidity. We recommend using monitoring of MEP and EMG of the lower cranial nerves in surgery on all patients with lesions involving the lower brain stem and fourth ventricle. 相似文献